MicrobiologyOpen最新文献

{"title":"Frequency of Human Brucellosis Complications in West Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Aliasghar Fakhri-Demeshghieh,&nbsp;Elnaz Rostamzaman,&nbsp;Fatemeh Sayareh,&nbsp;Amir Nikoukar,&nbsp;Faranak Farahani,&nbsp;Farniya Bakhtiary nia,&nbsp;Helia Sepahvand,&nbsp;Maryam Khaleghi,&nbsp;Mohammadsaeed Azamian,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Shirzadi,&nbsp;Hesameddin Akbarein,&nbsp;Vahid Rahmanian","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70388","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70388","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brucellosis is a multi-systemic zoonotic infection. The West Asia/Middle East region is an important global hotspot for brucellosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to aggregate and synthesize all the available evidence regarding the complications of brucellosis in West Asia/Middle East region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Proquest were searched. Selection of studies, data extraction, and the risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate. Data extraction was performed for 254 complications. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation. Where applicable small-study effects was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Separate by-country, by-age, and by-publication-decade subgroup analyses were performed if feasible.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of 9518 results, 240 studies (260 references) were included. The majority of the included studies were conducted in Turkey (<i>n</i> = 177). The reported complications varied and different complication categorization systems were detected. The highest pooled estimate was observed for musculoskeletal involvement (50%, 95%CI: 39%–61%, <i>I</i>² = 96.63%). The evidences is up-to-date until March 4, 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some complications such as the complications of the eye were not reported in all the countries. Therefore, it's recommended to determine the relative frequency of those complications in regions without such reports. The pooled estimates of different complications of brucellosis were different. There's a need for the standardization of the reporting of the complications of brucellosis to achieve comparability between studies and across different regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of carABpyrB operon and role of pyrE in Francisella novicida biofilm","authors":"Katie C. Sprinkel,&nbsp;Annika R. Geiger,&nbsp;Monique L. van Hoek","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70355","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pyrimidine biosynthesis is essential for bacterial growth, but its role in regulating biofilm formation in <i>Francisella (F.) novicida</i> remains poorly defined. In this study, we experimentally defined the <i>carABpyrB</i> operon in <i>F. novicida</i> and investigated how disruption of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway affects growth and biofilm formation under nutrient-restricted conditions. Reverse transcriptase PCR confirmed co-transcription of <i>carA</i>, <i>carB</i>, and <i>pyrB</i>, and promoter prediction identified two putative σ⁷⁰-dependent promoter regions upstream of <i>carA</i>. Transposon mutants disrupted in <i>carA</i>, <i>carB</i>, and <i>pyrB</i> exhibited pronounced growth defects in Chamberlain's Defined Medium that were restored by uracil supplementation, confirming pyrimidine auxotrophy and functional disruption of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. We then extended this analysis to additional genes in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway and assessed biofilm formation in modified Mueller–Hinton broth, a nutrient-restricted condition. In this medium, <i>carA</i>, <i>carB</i>, <i>pyrB</i>, and <i>pyrE</i> mutants exhibited growth deficiencies; however, the <i>pyrE</i> mutant uniquely produced significantly more biofilm than the wild type. This phenotype remained evident even without growth normalization, with the <i>pyrE</i> mutant producing 3.3-fold more biofilm than wild type, despite impaired growth, and increased to 11.8-fold when normalized to growth. Quantitative PCR demonstrated that uracil supplementation represses <i>carA</i>, <i>carB</i>, and <i>pyrB</i> transcription, consistent with feedback regulation of the pathway. Together, these findings indicate that pyrimidine limitation is not simply a growth-limiting condition but can alter biofilm regulation, with <i>pyrE</i> disruption revealing a strong association between de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and biofilm formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of Typical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (tEPEC) and bfpA Genes From Five Bat Species Reveals Australian Pteropus Spp. Are Natural tEPEC Hosts","authors":"Fiona K. McDougall,&nbsp;Laura A. Pulscher,&nbsp;Wayne S. J. Boardman,&nbsp;Karrie Rose,&nbsp;Mariel Fulham,&nbsp;Michelle L. Power","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70403","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70403","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humans have historically been considered the only natural host of typical enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (tEPEC), a cause of human infantile diarrhoea. Recent findings of bat-specific tEPEC in two Australian bat species (<i>Pteropus poliocephalus</i> and <i>Pteropus conspicillatus</i>) revealed that these <i>Pteropus</i> spp. are also tEPEC hosts. tEPEC pathogenicity is associated with key virulence factors including intimin (<i>eae</i>) and the bundle-forming pilus (<i>bfp</i>) operon, which contains the <i>bfpA</i> gene. This study characterised 63 tEPEC isolates from five Australian <i>Pteropus</i> spp.; four from mainland Australia (<i>P. poliocephalus</i>, <i>P. conspicillatus, P. alecto</i> and <i>P. scapulatus</i>) and one from Christmas Island (<i>P. natalis)</i>. The 63 tEPEC isolates included 10 novel tEPEC strains and eight previously identified <i>Pteropus</i> tEPEC strains. Faecal DNA samples (<i>n</i> = 386) from the five Australian <i>Pteropus</i> spp. were screened for <i>eae</i> and <i>bfpA</i> genes to identify tEPEC-positive samples. The estimated true prevalence of tEPEC ranged from 14.2% to 37.0% across the five <i>Pteropus</i> spp. Typing of 119 <i>bfpA</i> alleles (63 tEPEC isolates and 56 faecal DNA samples) from the five <i>Pteropus</i> spp. identified 27 <i>bfpA</i> allele types, 24 of which belonged to bat-specific <i>bfpA</i> lineages. Bat-specific <i>bfpA</i> alleles were shared between tEPEC strains, <i>Pteropus</i> spp. and across regions, including the geographically isolated <i>P. natalis</i> endemic to Christmas Island. This study reveals that diverse bat-specific tEPEC strains and <i>bfpA</i> types have evolved in <i>Pteropus</i> spp. and have been circulating among populations for an extensive period, thereby confirming that all Australian <i>Pteropus</i> spp. are natural tEPEC hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Diversity and Epidemiological Overlap of Staphylococcus aureus at the Animal–Food–Environment–Human Interface Within a One Health Framework","authors":"Pinar Sagiroglu,&nbsp;Dursun Alp Gundog,&nbsp;Candan Gungor,&nbsp;Kursat Koskeroglu,&nbsp;Mustafa Altay Atalay,&nbsp;Adalet Dishan,&nbsp;Yeliz Ucar,&nbsp;Aytac Akcay,&nbsp;Huseyin Burak Disli,&nbsp;Harun Hizlisoy,&nbsp;Mukaddes Barel,&nbsp;Tekin Kececi,&nbsp;Nurhan Ertas Onmaz","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70397","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and potential epidemiological overlap of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> using molecular (spa and SCCmec typing) and phenotypic characterization of 108 isolates obtained along the farm-to-fork continuum (dairy and meat chains) and 50 human clinical isolates. Forty-four <i>spa</i> types, including 17 novel patterns, were identified, with t11284 and t127 predominating among animal-related MRSA and clinical MRSA, respectively. Six SCCmec types (I–VI) were detected in the majority of isolates (85.2%), with SCCmec IVa prevalent in farm-to-fork isolates (67%) and SCCmec III dominant in clinical isolates (28%). Spa repeat-based MST analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of isolates across clusters, with identical spa types detected in multiple source categories, indicating genetic relatedness rather than direct transmission events. Overall, 54.6% of isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Farm-to-fork isolates showed mainly β-lactam resistance (≥ 85%), whereas clinical MRSA exhibited broader resistance profiles, including high fluoroquinolone resistance (≥ 92%). PVL was detected in 41 isolates (38%), predominantly in MRSA, and was associated with SCCmec IV/V and diverse spa types. Toxin genes (<i>tst</i>−1, <i>sea</i>, <i>seb</i>, and <i>sed</i>) were mainly confined to clinical MRSA, suggesting source-associated distribution of virulence determinants. Biofilm formation was observed in 49 isolates (45.3%), more frequently among farm-to-fork isolates. Our study demonstrate marked genetic and phenotypic diversity of <i>S. aureus</i> across farm-to-fork and human clinical sources and suggest the presence of shared genetic lineages among isolates from different sources. The results support the importance of integrated One Health surveillance for monitoring antimicrobial-resistant and virulent <i>S. aureus</i> populations across interconnected ecological compartments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of Two Novel Enterobacter Phages With EDTA-Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity","authors":"Kashif Haq,&nbsp;Zac Newland-Smith,&nbsp;Martin Figgit,&nbsp;David Lee,&nbsp;Kwabena Duedu","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70396","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70396","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multidrug-resistant members of the <i>Enterobacter cloacae complex</i> (ECC) are increasingly linked to difficult-to-treat infections and biofilm-mediated antimicrobial tolerance. Here, two lytic phages, vB_EhoIP_HHH and vB_EluM_RZH, displaying podovirus-like and myovirus-like morphology, respectively, were isolated from the River Chelt. HHH has a 39,582 bp genome (51.2% GC, 63 ORFs), while RZH has a 174,197 bp genome (39.4% GC, 314 ORFs), with neither genome carrying antimicrobial resistance, virulence or lysogeny-associated genes. VIRIDIC and VICTOR analyses placed HHH within Kayfunavirus and RZH within Karamvirus, supporting their classification as distinct species. Both phages demonstrated rapid adsorption, short latent periods and stability across physiological pH and temperature ranges. A phage cocktail targeting MDR ECC strain was evaluated with EDTA against established biofilms. Crystal violet assays showed the greatest biomass reduction at MOI 10 with 0.5–0.75 mM EDTA. Bliss independence analysis revealed localized synergy within this window but significant overall antagonism at higher EDTA concentrations. CFU enumeration confirmed greater activity against 24 h than 48 h biofilms. The optimized combination also reduced recoverable bacteria in a fibroblast infection model while maintaining low LDH release. These findings identify two novel lytic Enterobacter phages and support a narrow EDTA concentration window for enhanced phage-mediated antibiofilm activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Regulate AhR Signaling to Restore Epithelial Barrier Integrity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","authors":"Mohammad Ali Mahdiabadi,&nbsp;Asma Moghaddam,&nbsp;Nafiseh Erfanian","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70386","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70386","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and compromised epithelial barrier integrity. Emerging evidence demonstrates that gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites serve as endogenous ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), initiating protective signaling cascades that restore mucosal homeostasis. This review synthesizes current mechanistic insights into how microbial tryptophan catabolites including indole-3-aldehyde, indole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid activate AhR to enhance epithelial barrier function. However, this protective capacity is specific to activation by physiological, low-affinity microbial ligands and should not be generalized to AhR signaling irrespective of ligand identity, dose, or duration of exposure. Key bacterial producers include <i>Lactobacillus</i> species (<i>L. reuteri</i> and <i>L. plantarum</i>), <i>Clostridium sporogenes</i>, and <i>Allobaculum</i> species. AhR activation by these metabolites triggers multiple downstream pathways, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which promotes autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant responses; nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibition, which reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production; and interleukin-22 (IL-22) induction, which supports epithelial regeneration. These signaling events converge to upregulate tight junction proteins, preserve mucus layer integrity, and reduce actomyosin-mediated permeability through decreased myosin light chain phosphorylation. Preclinical studies demonstrate AhR-dependent barrier restoration, with protective effects abolished by AhR antagonists. Despite these preclinical findings, their therapeutic utility in IBD remains to be established in human interventional studies. Importantly, the protective effects of AhR are highly context-dependent, as kynurenine pathway ligands and sustained receptor activation may exert immunosuppressive or pro-tumorigenic effects, highlighting the importance of ligand selectivity in therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13535120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiome Diversity, Functional Potential, and Ecological Relevance of Hottentotta tamulus","authors":"Khajid Ullah Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Tariq Zahid,&nbsp;Ghulam Mustafa,&nbsp;Rahul S. Tanpure,&nbsp;Hafiz Muhammad Tahir,&nbsp;Ramesh Kumar,&nbsp;Deok-Won Kim,&nbsp;Hyun-Kyung Park,&nbsp;Byong-Hun Jeon","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70373","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70373","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scorpions are ancient arachnids of medical and ecological importance; they prey on insects and other arthropods while serving as prey to birds and reptiles. In this study, we reported for the first time on the characterization of the gut intestinal microbiome of <i>Hottentotta tamulus</i> native to northeastern Pakistan. The scorpions were identified on a morphological basis and the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene sequence, while the gut microbiome was characterized through full-length 16S rRNA (V1-V9) Nanopore sequencing. The gut microbiota exhibited low to moderate alpha diversity with Chao1 and Shannon indices of 126 ± 90.54 and 0.85 ± 0.21, respectively. The intestinal microbial community was dominated by the phyla Firmicutes (79.48%–90.43%), followed by Proteobacteria (9.46%–20.48%), whereas Actinobacteriota (0.03%–0.11%) and Bacteroidota (0.00%–0.01%) were present at very low relative abundance. The functional profiling identified 23 notable pathways involved in energy metabolism, biomolecule synthesis, the biodegradation of various xenobiotics, and nucleotide metabolism, highlighting the role of the gut microbiome in metabolic homeostasis. The dominance of <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Mycoplasma</i> in gut microbial communities may enhance host adaptation to low-resource environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13535146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of a Novel, Phenotypically Difficult-to-Detect Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Clone (ST117/CT7799)","authors":"Patrick Forstner,&nbsp;Christine Uitz,&nbsp;Johanna Dabernig-Heinz,&nbsp;Gabriel E. Wagner,&nbsp;Jennifer Bender,&nbsp;Martin Fischer,&nbsp;David Siebenhofer,&nbsp;Guido Werner,&nbsp;Tobias Busche,&nbsp;Levin Joe Klages,&nbsp;Christian Rückert-Reed,&nbsp;Ivo Steinmetz,&nbsp;Karl Dichtl","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.70393","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>A significant increase of vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (VREfm) infections was observed in South-Eastern Austria since 2024. The prolonged outbreak is caused by a novel <i>vanB-</i>VREfm clone (ST117/CT7799, “VREfm_styr”). This study characterizes the atypical difficult-to-detect resistance phenotype and assesses the genomic relatedness of the isolates. Patient and outbreak characteristics were investigated including whole genome sequencing of the isolates. Sensitivity of broth microdilution (BMD), gradient tests (GT), disk diffusion (DD), and automated susceptibility testing (VITEK2) was compared. The performance of commercial screening media was evaluated. From sporadic detections in early 2024 case numbers began to rise during the year. In 30/31 (97%) of all cases, intra-hospital transmission was considered likely and an association with invasive procedures was identified in most cases. Core genome multilocus sequence typing revealed only six allelic differences between VREfm_styr isolates collected in a 12-month period, all belonging to the <i>E. faecium</i> ST117/CT7799 lineage. BMD detected vancomycin resistance (MIC &gt; 4 mg/L) in no more than 16/31 (52%) of isolates after 24 h incubation, while GT and DD misclassified all isolates. Only prolonged incubation improved the performance of these assays. VITEK2 analysis, however, correctly classified all 31 isolates. Of four commercially available VRE-screening agars, only one was capable of detecting VREfm_styr after 24 h incubation. The emergence and clonal dissemination of VREfm ST117/CT7799 reveals a serious diagnostic gap as commonly used diagnostic algorithms fail to reliably detect this resistance phenotype. Our findings should help to further evaluate the true geographical distribution and clinical significance of this novel VREfm clone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles From Nepeta pogonosperma and Astrodaucus persicus on the Reduction of Bap Gene Expression in Strong Biofilm-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates","authors":"Maedeh Kakavan,&nbsp;Mehrdad Gholami,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahanjan,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh,&nbsp;Abolfazl Hossein Nataj,&nbsp;Tahoora Mousavi,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Goli","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.70391","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Given the critical role of the <i>bap</i> gene in biofilm formation of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from <i>Nepeta pogonosperma</i> and <i>Astrodaucus persicus</i> (Boiss) in reducing the expression of this gene and inhibiting biofilm production in clinical isolates of <i>A. baumannii</i>. AgNPs were synthesized using the leaf extracts of the plants and characterized using standard techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the AgNPs was determined by the microbroth dilution method. Biofilm production and the anti-biofilm effects of the nanoparticles were assessed using a microtiter plate assay. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to evaluate <i>bap</i> gene expression levels before and after treatment with the AgNPs. The AgNPs significantly inhibited biofilm formation in <i>A. baumannii</i>. Furthermore, a marked reduction in <i>bap</i> gene expression was observed following treatment. Moreover, 90% and 10% of the isolates showed up to 60% and 61%–80% of biofilm disruption after treatment with <i>A. persicus</i> AgNP, respectively. In addition, 80%, 15%, and 5% of the isolates showed up to 60%, 61%–80%, and more than 80% of biofilm disruption after treatment with <i>N. pogonosperma</i> AgNP, respectively. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles represent a promising strategy to counteract antimicrobial resistance. The AgNPs investigated in this study demonstrated significant potential in inhibiting biofilm formation and reducing <i>bap</i> gene expression in strong biofilm-producing clinical isolates of <i>A. baumannii</i>. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the clinical application of these nanoparticles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Diagnostics for WHO Priority Bacterial Pathogens: A Bibliometric Mapping of Diagnostic Platforms, Resistance Markers, and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Trends","authors":"Selahattin Ünlü","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.70394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constrains effective treatment and carries implications for infection control, surveillance, and public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) priority bacterial pathogen framework has intensified the need for diagnostic innovation by redefining research priorities around organisms combining high disease burden with complex resistance profiles. Molecular diagnostics have accordingly moved beyond culture-based workflows, integrating rapid pathogen identification, resistance-marker detection, genomic surveillance, and clinical decision support. The present study conducted a bibliometric mapping of the literature on WHO priority pathogens. Rather than addressing resistance at a general level or a single pathogen or technology, it integrates priority pathogens, molecular platforms, and resistance markers within a single framework, tracing their joint thematic and temporal evolution along an explicit pathogen–platform–marker axis. Scopus-indexed articles and reviews (2000–2025) were retrieved, yielding 1746 publications after screening adapted from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Analyses used Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny, R, and VOSviewer. The literature expanded markedly after 2018, led by China and the United States. Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, and the <i>Enterobacterales</i>–carbapenemase axis constituted the principal thematic cores, whereas conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) and whole-genome sequencing were the dominant platforms. Overall, the field has evolved from pathogen detection into an AMR-centered translational domain encompassing resistance prediction, genomic epidemiology, surveillance, and clinical decision support. Diagnostic development, stewardship, and surveillance depend on hybrid workflows coupling rapid marker-targeted assays with genome-based characterization, delivering actionable resistance within clinically meaningful timeframes, and extending coverage to underrepresented pathogens and platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}