Microwave and Optical Technology Letters最新文献

{"title":"A Packaged MISL Dual-Band Unequal-Order Bandpass Filter Using Hybrid Resonant Cells","authors":"Yi Wu,&nbsp;Kaixue Ma,&nbsp;Ming Yin","doi":"10.1002/mop.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, we present an unequal-order bandpass filter (BPF) using packaged multilayer metal-integrated suspended line (MISL) technology. Our proposed multimode hybrid resonant cells combine high-<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Q</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $Q$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> patches and slotline modes, allowing for the achievement of three independent controllable frequencies and compact sizes. The key advantage of this resonator is the ability to collect and utilize different resonance modes, enabling the design of unequal-order dual-band BPFs. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed concept, a series of filters with unequal orders were simulated. Additionally, a filter (third-order for the first passband and sixth-order for the second passband) was designed, simulated, and tested. The test results demonstrated that the unequal-order filters proposed by us possess advantages of wide bandwidth, low loss, and unequal-order filtering responses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of Data Transmission in Polymer Optical Fibers Using DMT and Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Jonathan N. Gois,&nbsp;Flavio A. N. Sampaio,&nbsp;Diego B. Haddad,&nbsp;Luiz Anet Neto,&nbsp;Vinicius N. H. Silva,&nbsp;Tadeu N. Ferreira","doi":"10.1002/mop.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In local networks and other short links, polymeric optical fiber may be used due to its mechanical properties; however, some undesired and strong effects appear in these environments. This work proposes three different models to fine-tune the electrical parameters of discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation to predict the signal-to-noise rate (SNR) over each subcarrier used with a 560 nm central wavelength. Considering the present setup, the devised models achieve some bold results, demonstrating the possibility of explaining more than 99% of the experimental data, in the best scenario. Several models are mathematically fit to obtain distinct adjustments for the nonlinearity present in the link considering the electrical parameters.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared Image Enhancement Based on Guided Filtering and Adaptive Algorithm and Its FPGA Implementation","authors":"Hongfei Song,&nbsp;Ziqian Wang,&nbsp;Wenxiao Cao,&nbsp;Yunpeng Zhang,&nbsp;Xue Leng","doi":"10.1002/mop.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Detail enhancement and noise suppression are critical to the performance of infrared imaging systems, and a method for enhancing infrared images based on guided filters is introduced in this paper. Firstly, the guidance filter and Gaussian filter are used to decompose the original infrared image into the base layer and the detail layer, and then the adaptive histogram equalization method is used to enhance the overall brightness and contrast of the base layer. For the detail layer, we will guide the filtering to obtain the gain factor through the “<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>σ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $3sigma $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>” rule processing, on this basis, the detail gain function is constructed to apply to the processing of the detail layer, and finally the basic layer and the detail layer are fused to obtain the final result image. The proposed method is compared with six other infrared image enhancement algorithms under different data sets and analyzed using subjective and objective evaluation indicators. The experimental data show that the proposed method can effectively improve the overall contrast and local details of the image and has good scene adaptability. Finally, we transplanted the algorithm to the FPGA bottom layer for implementation, and for 640 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $times $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 512 resolution images, the final implementation effect is almost no different from that on the PC side.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tightly Coupled MIMO With Internal Self-Decoupled E-Shaped Design Arms for 5G Mobile Hand-Set","authors":"Aditi Sharma,&nbsp;Sumit Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;D. Venkata Shivaprasad,&nbsp;Shrivishal Tripathi,&nbsp;Soma Das","doi":"10.1002/mop.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proposed article offered a closely packed circularly polarized MIMO antenna system for a 5G NR n48/n78 communication system. The design consists of an E-shaped antenna with modified arms along with shorting pins, and the edge-to-edge distance between the radiator is 0.2 mm. The proposed design offers isolation from 15 dB(minimum) to 47.35 dB(maximum) in the range of 3.3 to 3.9 GHz with a peak gain of 4.2 dBi. The uniqueness of this design here is the surface current cancellation technique within the design space of this E-shaped antenna, which decouples the radiators with high compaction and reduces complexities. To verify the design, the diversity parameters, efficiency, radiation pattern, in-hand performance, and SAR (specific absorption rate) are calculated, and the results are in good agreement with the measured results. From the above analysis, we can conclude that the proposed closely packed circularly polarized MIMO design can be a good candidate for 5G mobile communication.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Balanced Nonreciprocal Bandpass Filter Based on Stub-Loaded Ring Time-Modulated Resonator","authors":"Peng Han,&nbsp;Zhongbao Wang,&nbsp;Hongmei Liu,&nbsp;Mingming Gao,&nbsp;Shaojun Fang","doi":"10.1002/mop.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, a novel balanced nonreciprocal bandpass filter based on stub-loaded ring time-modulated resonators (TMRs) is proposed, which is co-designed to integrate the feed circuits and common-mode (CM) suppression circuits. The design employs the fewest TMRs necessary, which is at least two, to achieve a reverse isolation level of larger than 20 dB. This configuration also ensures the presence of two reverse isolation poles, thereby maximizing the reverse isolation bandwidth. Even- and odd-mode analysis elucidates the isolation of signals under differential mode (DM) and the suppression of noise under common mode. This approach eliminates the need for separate feed lines and complex CM noise suppression circuit designs. Furthermore, parameterization analysis is adopted to verify the modulation parameters on the impact of the circuit. A balanced microstrip nonreciprocal bandpass filter, centered at 1.5 GHz, has been designed, simulated, and experimentally verified. The measured DM forward insertion loss is 3.9 dB, and the reverse isolation is greater than 20 dB with a bandwidth of 48 MHz. The measured CM noise suppression exceeds 26.6 dB within the frequency range of 1.2 to 1.8 GHz.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wideband Circularly Polarized Multimode Horn Array Antenna Using Single Layer E-Plane Waveguide Sequential Feeding Network","authors":"Zhi Xing Chen,&nbsp;Ali Farahbakhsh,&nbsp;Jiahao Lin,&nbsp;Huafeng Su,&nbsp;Xiu Yin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/mop.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents the design and fabrication of a 4×4 array antenna based on multi-mode horn elements and sequential feeding network. The multi-mode horn antenna is a structure that can suppress grating lobes and side lobe levels by excitation and combining different modes of electromagnetic wave radiation. The sequential feeding network is a technique that can generate circularly polarized radiation from linearly polarized elements by arranging them in a square array with 90° rotations and feeding them with 90° phase difference. The proposed array antenna achieves wideband impedance matching and axial ratio performance, as well as high gain and low complexity. The array antenna operates from 9.9 to 12.6 GHz, with a maximum gain of 24.5 dBi at 11 GHz. The array antenna is fabricated using CNC milling and measured in an anechoic chamber. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, validating the effectiveness of the proposed design.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miniaturized Intermediate-Frequency Filter for BeiDou Navigation Satellite System","authors":"Qian Kewei,&nbsp;Tian Miao","doi":"10.1002/mop.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A new type of intermediate-frequency (IF) filter based on LTCC multilayer technology for BeiDou navigation satellite system is presented in this letter. By reasonably selecting the equivalent circuit value of each passive component, and separating the effective area of each inductance and capacitance to reduce the influence of parasitic coupling, an IF bandpass filter with a center frequency of only 46 MHz can be realized in a ceramic surface mount package. Besides, the locations of the transmission zeros can be tuned individually by changing the LC value of each resonant cell, thus a deep suppression level and wide stopband could be obtained simultaneously. The IF filter has a compact size of 10 mm × 6 mm × 2 mm, which is very suitable for the portable BeiDou B3 system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Dual-Band Filtering Power Divider Based on a Single Multimode Modified Triangle Patch Resonator","authors":"Yijun Li,&nbsp;Jinxuan Ni,&nbsp;Qiyue Gao,&nbsp;Xin Zhou,&nbsp;Zhengkang Liu,&nbsp;Na Li,&nbsp;Gang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/mop.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This letter proposes a new design of a dual-band (DB) filtering power divider (FPD) on a single multimode-modified triangle patch resonator. The proposed design leverages the resonant characteristics of an equilateral triangle patch resonator to exploit the TM₁₀, TM₁₁, TM₂₁, and TM₃₀ resonant modes within a single multimode-modified triangle patch resonator, enabling the realization of an FPD with DB operation. To achieve two assumed second-order filtering passbands, a metal via and multiple perturbed slots are introduced, providing flexible control over the resonant mode frequencies. The first passband is formed by the TM₁₀ and TM₁₁ modes, while the second passband is formed by the TM₂₁ and TM₃₀ modes. To ensure in-band isolation for both passbands, two sets of isolation networks are developed. A prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured to validate the proposed method. The measured results demonstrate excellent agreement with the simulated ones.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of Dark Pulses in Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Operating in L-Band Region Using Sc2O3 Absorber","authors":"Mahmoud M. Ahmeed,&nbsp;B. A. Ahmad,&nbsp;Latifah Sarah Supian,&nbsp;Abdulkadir Mukhtar Diblawe,&nbsp;Sulaiman Wadi Harun","doi":"10.1002/mop.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By incorporating scandium oxide (Sc₂O₃) powder into a PVA film, a Sc₂O₃ saturable absorber (SA) was successfully developed, boasting a modulation depth of 25%. When integrated into a ring erbium-doped fiber laser, the Sc₂O₃-SA facilitated the production of mode-locked dark pulses featuring multi-wavelength emission, leveraging its saturable absorbing ability along with the nonlinear properties inherent in the Sc₂O₃ thin film and the long erbium-doped fiber. Mode-locking operation was achieved within a pumping range of 209.3–239.8 mW, resulting in a peak pulse energy of 0.71 nJ. Operating at 1597.8 nm, the mode-locked laser demonstrated a repetition rate of 10.42 MHz and a pulse width of 23 ns. Domain-wall dark pulse operation was demonstrated in the L-band region, achieving a relative stability with a signal-to-noise ratio of 55.6 dB, utilizing a Sc₂O₃ thin film absorber and an 8-meter-long active fiber. These findings underscore the promising potential of Sc₂O₃ to be used in pulsed laser systems, particularly due to its exceptional nonlinear optical properties.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Compensation of Nonideal Effects of Modulation Functions in Time-Modulated Array for Direction-of-Arrival Extraction","authors":"Geon U Kim,&nbsp;Jeong Phill Kim","doi":"10.1002/mop.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article investigates nonidealities of the time modulation function that may affect the measurement accuracy when extracting the direction of arrival (DOA) using the time-modulated array. The types of nonidealities are identified and the fundamental and harmonic Fourier coefficients for each type are calculated theoretically. The measurement DOA error is calculated using these Fourier coefficients, and the allowable bounds of the nonideal parameters guaranteeing the confidence region of the error are proposed. Furthermore, a two-step measurement procedure is proposed to reduce these errors. For a systematic reduction of the measurement errors, a method for characterizing and compensating the nonidealities is investigated. To verify the validity of the proposed theory and measurement method, experiments are conducted to compare the results with and without calibration and compensation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}