Microwave and Optical Technology Letters最新文献

{"title":"Wideband RCS Reduction of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Quaternionic Metasurface","authors":"Krunal Patel","doi":"10.1002/mop.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents a novel microstrip patch antenna with a quaternionic metasurface. The quaternionic metasurface is designed using a pair of polarization conversion metasurface unit cells and the other pair of artificial magnetic conductor unit cells. The designed metasurface is used to reduce the radar signature of a microstrip patch antenna. The designed quaternionic metasurface shows an overall RCS reduction bandwidth of 115.62% over the frequency range of 6.55–24.5 GHz and 10-dB RCS reduction bandwidth of 65.86% over the frequency range of 8.3–16.45 GHz. The designed low RCS microstrip patch antenna using quaternionic metasurface shows overall RCS reduction bandwidth from 6.8 to 24.4 GHz (112.82%) as compared with the metallic plate and the reference patch for TE mode. It shows 10 dB RCS reduction bandwidth from 8.31 to 9.85 GHz (16.96%) and 12.38 to 16.34 GHz (27.58%) when compared with the reference patch for TE mode. Considering TM mode, the overall RCS reduction is obtained from 6.9 to 24 GHz (110.68%) as compared with the reference patch antenna. A total of 10 dB RCS reduction is observed over the frequency band of 8.4–9.89 GHz (16.29%) and 12.4–16.87 GHz (30.54%) as compared with the conventional patch antenna in the same plane. The low RCS patch antenna shows off remarkable in-band and out-of-band RCS reduction. The proposed concept gives wide RCS reduction bandwidth that may not be obtained by the low RCS metasurface designed by only PCM or AMC unit cells.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Dual-Beam mmWave Filter-Antenna With Wide Azimuth Beam for 5G Communication Systems","authors":"Nazih Khaddaj Mallat,&nbsp;Alireza Jafarieh,&nbsp;Mahdi Nouri,&nbsp;Farshideh Fardinfar,&nbsp;Hamid Behroozi","doi":"10.1002/mop.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this article, a novel mmWave antenna is proposed. This antenna has a dual beam pattern and a high gain. The proposed antenna is fed through a microstrip feed line. The feed line consists of a microstrip filter that omits out-of-band signals. The total measured gain of the proposed antenna is 6 dBi. The proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth. The total bandwidth of the antenna is 4.7 GHz which covers several 5G bands. The half-power beam width of the proposed antenna is more than <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>102</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>∘</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${{bf{102}}}^{{boldsymbol{circ}}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> in both E and H-planes. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a Rogers/RT duroid 5880 substrate. The total dimensions of the proposed antenna are <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>.</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>93</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>.</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>44</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${bf{0}}.{bf{93}}{{boldsymbol{lambda}}}_{{bf{0}}}{boldsymbol{times}}{bf{1}}.{bf{44}}{{boldsymbol{lambda}}}_{{bf{0}}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. Where, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${{boldsymbol{lambda}}}_{{bf{0}}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is the wavelength of 28 GHz frequency. Measurements and simulation results are reported in this article.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Liquid Metal-Based Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna With Cross Placed Fluidic Channel","authors":"Xiaochuan Fang,&nbsp;Zhishu Qu,&nbsp;Khaled Yahya Alqurashi,&nbsp;James. R. Kelly,&nbsp;Shaker M. M. Alkaraki","doi":"10.1002/mop.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this letter, a novel frequency reconfigurable antenna with the aid of liquid metal is presented. The proposed antenna incorporates a 3D-printed fluidic channel, which is placed cross to the metallized part of radiator. Compared to general meandered channels, the proposed cross placed fluidic channel ensures less liquid metal to be consumed, whilst it achieves the same capability of frequency reconfiguration as a solid patch. More importantly, it allows the proposed antenna to have a promised total efficiency thorough its switchable frequencies. The proposed antenna can switch among 2.1, 2.6, 4.4, and 11 GHz, enabling it to be adopted in various applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of an Advanced Filtering Antenna by Utilizing Coupling Mechanisms between Radiative and Non-Radiative Resonators","authors":"Jia-Xiang Hao,&nbsp;Lei Zhu,&nbsp;Hui-Dong Li,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/mop.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This letter proposes a novel filtering antenna with an alternated form of radiative and non-radiative resonators. The coupling effects between radiative and non-radiative resonators are thoroughly analyzed with proposed equivalent circuit models. Within its passband, the continuous phase changes between two radiators are discussed in detail. To obtain an in-phase superposition between two radiators at central frequency, the original half-wavelength non-radiative resonator is prolonged to one wavelength. Meanwhile, the phase shifting between two radiators yields a continuous beam steering performance in the passband. With the help of the proposed circuit model, the conditions for obtaining the maximum radiation gain, the key factors affecting the antenna bandwidth, and the prediction of the scanning range are discussed. The proposed method can indeed benefit the entire design procedure quantitatively rather than qualitatively. Finally, a prototype is demonstrated and fabricated. The results show that a third-order filtering antenna is successfully designed with a relatively high gain of 9.84 dBi and a wide frequency scanning range of −29° to 21°. The proposed antenna enjoys a rather simple structure without extra feeding networks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations on Dual Band MIMO Antenna With Reduction of Mutual Coupling and RCS for Military Radar Applications","authors":"Makkapati Himaja,&nbsp;Yuvaraj Sivasubramanian","doi":"10.1002/mop.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article presents a novel strategy for reducing mutual coupling and Radar Cross Section (RCS) in a 2 × 1 MIMO antenna system tailored for military radar applications. The proposed arrangement involves two identical radiators oppositely arranged with an H-shaped strip placed between the radiators. A wide slot, stub projection, and frequency selective surface (FSS) are engraved on the backside. The overall dimension of the suggested system is 25 × 25 × 1.6 mm³, which resonates at 6.09 and 8.34 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 6.16 GHz from 2.95 to 9.11 GHz. The isolation (≤ −30 dB) is obtained by incorporating a wide slot and an H-shaped strip between the radiators. A grid of miniature square slots is etched on the rear side of the antenna, leading to an additional enhancement in the isolation and monostatic RCS reduction by more than 25 dB. The diversity gain (DG) and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) are also examined for the suggested antenna to validate its diversity performance. The congruence between the validated and simulated results is remarkably strong, rendering it a fitting choice for military and airborne devices/applications operating within the C and X bands.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wideband Circularly Polarized Conformal Dielectric Resonator Antenna for High Gain Applications","authors":"V. L. Parvathi,&nbsp;Anil Rajput,&nbsp;R. B. Raut,&nbsp;Biswajeet Mukherjee","doi":"10.1002/mop.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A compact and circularly polarized convex dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) is investigated in this communication. Eigenmode method is used to analyze electromagnetic field propagation and resonant frequency of the antenna. Benefits of conformal structure over a planar surface are mentioned. A pair of vertical slots are introduced on the ground plane to produce orthogonal degenerate modes. Finally, the proposed curved DRA provides a fractional impedance bandwidth of 22%, axial ratio bandwidth of 11.27% and a stable gain of more than 5 dBi over the desired passband with a peak gain of 7 dBi. To validate the simulated results, a prototype is fabricated and measured.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Power Transistor Cell Optimized CMOS Power Amplifier for Ku-Band Phased Array Application","authors":"Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Shuai Liu,&nbsp;Zhiqing Liu,&nbsp;Huihua Liu","doi":"10.1002/mop.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A Ku-band CMOS power amplifier (PA) with an optimized power transistor cell for phased array application has been implemented using <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>0.18</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $0.18$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-μm RF CMOS technology. To alleviate the parasitic effects induced by the metal interconnection between the common source and common gate, the power transistor cell has been optimized. A pair of cascode transistors is employed as a unit cell to construct the power cell so that the metal interconnection loss and power transmission capability of the cascode power transistor cell can be improved. To ease pressure on the hot carrier effect and current intensity requirement at <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>12</mn>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>5</mn>\u0000 <mo>∘</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $12{5}^{circ }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>C, the Ku-band CMOS PA operates under a 1.8 V supply voltage and provides saturation output power of 14.3 dBm with a peak power-added efficiency of 13.7% at 17 GHz. It shows suitable performances for phased array application.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Coplanar Waveguide Artificial Transmission Lines and Its Application to a Miniaturized Branch-Line Coupler","authors":"Jagmohan Singh,&nbsp;Darshak Bhatt","doi":"10.1002/mop.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents a compact size <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>9</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $9{0}^{^circ }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> hybrid coupler designed by the use of coplanar waveguide (CPW) artificial transmission line (ATL) for microwave applications. The ATLs comprise a periodic structure made from open-ended stub lines that form a discontinuity and capacitive loading to the transmission lines. The electrical length and line impedance of the conventional transmission lines are modified by using the proposed CPW ATLs. A detailed mathematical analysis of the proposed ATLs and the coupler is explained in the paper. A full wave electromagnetic simulation and fabrication of the coupler are carried out at a central frequency of 2.1GHz to validate the proposed size reduction method. The measured bandwidth and phase difference between the through and the coupled port are 670 MHz or 31.9<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>%</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $ % $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> fractional bandwidth and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>90</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${90}^{^circ }pm {1}^{^circ }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, respectively. The transmission losses to the through and the coupled port are 3.71 and 3.68 dB, respectively. A conventional quadrature CPW hybrid is also simulated and fabricated to compare the size with the proposed structure. The proposed design offers a size reduction of 74.87<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>%</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $ % $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> when compared to the conventional CPW line-based coupler.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miniaturized Single- and Dual-Band Bandpass Filters With Low Loss Based on Folded Stepped-Impedance Resonators","authors":"Junhong Cai,&nbsp;Yuandan Dong","doi":"10.1002/mop.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this article, miniaturized single- and dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) with low loss are proposed for WI-FI application. A novel structure of a half-wavelength (λ/2) and quarter-wavelength (λ/4) vertically folded stepped-impedance resonators (FSIRs) is introduced, which significantly reduce the overall size of the filters. Additionally, the multi-zero characteristics of the λ/2 FSIR and the introduction of flexible mixed-coupling enhance the stopband performance of the single-band BPF. Meanwhile, a coplanar waveguide feeding structure is chosen, allowing both single- and dual-band BPFs to be implemented on a low-cost single-layer dielectric substrate. Small-sized single-band BPF with a low loss of 0.22 dB and dual-band BPF with a low loss of 0.77 dB/0.93 dB are implemented and fabricated. The measured results agree well with the full-wave simulations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Resonators Coupling Effect in Waveguide Loss Measurement Using the Fabry–Perot Method","authors":"Heliang Shen,&nbsp;Fei Huang,&nbsp;Xuan She,&nbsp;Kan Chen,&nbsp;Meng Chen,&nbsp;Wen Fan,&nbsp;Ran Bi,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Xiaowu Shu","doi":"10.1002/mop.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The traditional Fabry–Perot (FP) method is widely used to measure propagation loss, which is a critical parameter in characterizing the performance of optical waveguides. This work probes the significant influence coming from the multiple resonators coupling (MRC) effect on the performance of the FP method. This letter presents a theoretical analysis and simulation of the MRC effect that are in good agreement with experimental results. This letter verifies that the MRC effect will introduce a varying envelope to the transmission spectrum, stating its challenge to the operational bandwidth and reliability of the FP method. In addition, this letter experimentally demonstrates an effective route to suppress the MRC effect by optimizing the reflectivity of the fiber end-facets, which verifies the scalability of our theoretical model and has strong practical application value.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}