Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Immune Cell Subset Ratios (NKT/NK, Th/Tc, B1/B2) in Gestational Diabetes and Healthy Pregnancy: Links to Biochemical and Immunochemical Profiles.","authors":"Jelena Omazić, Andrijana Muller, Mirta Kadivnik, Blaženka Dobrošević, Barbara Vuković, Mirela Florijančić, Jasenka Wagner","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060378","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Gestational diabetes (GD) is a common pregnancy metabolic disorder involving immune alterations. While there is a link between immune cells and GD, the specific roles of NKT/NK, helper/cytotoxic T, and B1/B2 lymphocyte ratios in complicated/uncomplicated pregnancies with and without GD are underexplored. This cross-sectional study hypothesized that specific imbalances in these lymphocyte ratios would be present in GD, and that these ratios would correlate with key metabolic parameters in pregnancy. <b>Methods:</b> We compared these lymphocyte ratios in 162 third-trimester pregnant women across four groups: healthy uncomplicated (<i>n</i> = 40), healthy complicated (<i>n</i> = 40), GD uncomplicated (<i>n</i> = 42), and GD complicated (<i>n</i> = 40), using flow cytometry and by measuring biochemical parameters. <b>Results:</b> No significant differences in lymphocyte ratios were found between GD and healthy pregnancies. Novel correlations emerged: in the entire cohort, the NKT/NK ratio positively correlated with C-peptide and triglycerides, and negatively with HDL cholesterol. The helper/cytotoxic ratio negatively correlated with insulin and C-peptide. In the GD group, NKT/NK correlated positively with C-peptide, and helper/cytotoxic negatively with insulin. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings suggest a subtle yet significant link between immune cell subsets and metabolic status in pregnancy and GD, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12194905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic Profiling and Bioanalysis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Identifying Biomarkers for Treatment Response and Disease Monitoring.","authors":"Selim Sayın, Murat Yıldırım, Batuhan Erdoğdu, Ozan Kaplan, Emine Koç, Tuba Bulduk, Melda Cömert, Mustafa Güney, Mustafa Çelebier, Meltem Aylı","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060376","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Including Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients with deep molecular responses (MR4.5) and those with suboptimal responses provides valuable insights into treatment-associated metabolic changes. This study aimed to characterize the metabolomic alterations associated with CML and identify potential biomarkers for treatment response, particularly in patients achieving a deeper molecular response versus those with poorer responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma samples were collected from 51 chronic-phase CML patients and 24 healthy controls. CML patients were classified into two groups based on molecular responses: T1 (BCR-ABL1 IS ≤ 0.0032%) and T2 (BCR-ABL1 IS > 0.0032%, <1%). Metabolomic profiling was conducted using quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The data analysis involved a partial least squares discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection (VIP) scores, and a pathway enrichment analysis. Significant metabolites were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PLS-DA revealed distinct metabolomic profiles between CML patients and healthy controls as well as between the T1 and T2 groups. Key differentiating metabolites with VIP scores > 1.5 included glutamate, hypoxanthine, and D-galactonic acid. In the T2 group, significant increases in malate and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide were observed, reflecting disruptions in purine metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acid metabolism. The pathway enrichment analysis highlighted significant alterations in CML energy metabolism, nucleotide synthesis, and amino acid biosynthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CML patients exhibit pronounced metabolic changes, particularly in energy and nucleotide metabolism, which are linked to treatment response. These findings provide novel insights into CML biology and suggest potential biomarkers for monitoring treatment efficacy and predicting outcomes and therapeutic targets for improving treatment outcomes and overcoming tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Calorie Diet Consumption Induces Lac-Phe Changes in the Brain in a Time-of-Day Manner Independent of Exercise.","authors":"Jarne Jermei, Han Jiao, Ayano Shiba, Julia C Goedhart, Roberta Tandari, Andries Kalsbeek, Eduard A Struys, Chun-Xia Yi","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060375","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> N-lactoyl-phenylalanine (Lac-Phe), an exercise-induced metabolite, has been shown to reduce food intake, decrease body weight and adiposity, and improve glucose homeostasis without affecting energy expenditure. Until now, Lac-Phe has mainly been investigated in blood plasma, showing its appetite-suppressing effects. Interestingly, these beneficial effects were caused by a temporary increase in Lac-Phe levels after exercise. Second, despite the central role of the central nervous system in the homeostatic control of energy metabolism, little is known about the presence and function of Lac-Phe in the brain. The goal of this study is to investigate how Lac-Phe concentrations in the brain change during the 24 h light/dark cycle. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted an experiment in rats in which time-restricted running was combined with time-restricted feeding (TRF) of a high-calorie diet, after which Lac-Phe levels were measured in the hypothalamus and cortex using stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS. Microglia were isolated from rat brains to study Lac-Phe-related gene expression. <b>Results</b>: We found that Lac-Phe levels changed over time within the 24 h light/dark cycle in the hypothalamus and/or cortex, even without exercise. Our study indicates that brain Lac-Phe is not only induced by exercise but also by high-calorie diet intake independent of exercise. Finally, we showed that microglial cells are cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 (<i>CNDP2</i>) positive and therefore able to produce Lac-Phe. Hereby, we identified <i>SLC16A1</i> in microglia as a possible key mediator of Lac-Phe production. <b>Conclusions</b>: We conclude that high-calorie diet consumption induces Lac-Phe changes in the brain in a time-of-day manner independent of exercise. This study provides new knowledge on the presence and production of Lac-Phe in the brain. Further research is needed to elucidate the potential mechanism by which Lac-Phe reduces food intake and body weight by targeting appetite-suppressing neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Psoriasis and Metabolic Syndrome in Children: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Mateusz Matwiejuk, Hanna Myśliwiec, Agnieszka Mikłosz, Adrian Chabowski, Iwona Flisiak","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060377","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis consisting of genetic factors, immune dysfunction and environmental background. In adults, psoriasis is strongly associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic abnormalities; however, data in children are inconclusive. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of conditions that include central and abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Potential pathogenic mechanisms linking psoriasis with metabolic syndrome include releasing large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL-17, IL-23) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). These abnormalities promote excessive keratinocyte proliferation and impaired differentiation, which leads to typical psoriatic skin lesions. This paper aims to assess the potential link between psoriasis and each component of metabolic syndrome in children. It is speculated that the same proinflammatory cytokines produced by Th17 cells are also implicated in the development and progression of various metabolic disorders in patients with a severe course of the disease. Psoriatic patients are at higher risk for development metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Craniosacral Therapy Versus Blood Levels of Corticoliberin and Oxytocin in Male Firefighters Exposed to Occupational Stress-A Randomised Control Trial.","authors":"Małgorzata Wójcik, Idzi Siatkowski","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060374","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Firefighters' work exposes them to high levels of stress. Oxytocin (OXT) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) are hormones released in response to stress. Prolonged exposure to stress can have negative effects, such as increased blood pressure and glucose levels, and a weakened immune system. <b>Methods</b>: This study involved 57 fire department cadets, randomly divided into craniosacral therapy (CS) and contralateral therapy (CO) groups. This study aimed to check whether 5-week craniosacral therapy affects CRH and OXT levels, determined from blood. <b>Results</b>: For the CS group, CRH_1 and CRH_2 showed slight increases in median values, 1.73 vs. 2.16, and OXT_1 and OXT_2 showed significant increases in median values, 54.71 vs. 57.77. Spearman's correlation coefficient for CRH_1 vs. OXT_1 was r = 0.26, <i>p</i> = 0.124; similarly, for CRH_2 vs. OXT_2 was r = -0.02, <i>p</i> = 0.920; for CRH_ 1 vs. CRH_2 was r = 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.173; and for OXT_1 vs. OXT_2 was r = 0.77, <i>p</i> < 0.00001. The values of the point statistics for CRH were similar in CO_1 and CS_1. After the end of therapy, in the CS_2 group, the values of the point statistics were greater than those for the CO_2 group. The median values for oxytocin in the CO_1 group were greater than those in the CS_1 group. After the end of therapy, in the CO_2 group, the values of the scoring statistics were smaller than those for the CS_2 group. The effect of the intervention in the CS group and the CO group showed a significance of <i>p</i> = 0.0003 and <i>p</i> = 0.023. <b>Conclusions</b>: After the end of therapy, a significant increase in OXT levels was observed, as well as a slight increase in CRH levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Metabolic Profiles Associated with Protonitazene and Protonitazepyne in Two Severe Poisonings.","authors":"Romain Magny, Thomas Schiestel, Aymen M'Rad, Bertrand Lefrère, Jean-Herlé Raphalen, Stanislas Ledochowski, Laurence Labat, Bruno Mégarbane, Pascal Houzé","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060371","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitazenes represent an emerging class of new synthetic opioids characterized by a high-potency μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist activity. <b>Background</b>: We report two 20-year-old males who presented with severe neurorespiratory depression with typical opioid syndrome, but no opioid identification based on routine blood and urine screening tests. The first patient recovered with supportive care, mechanical ventilation, and naloxone infusion, whereas the second patient developed post-anoxic cardiac arrest and died from brain death. <b>Methods</b>: A complementary comprehensive toxicological screening using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was performed, and data were processed using a dedicated molecular network strategy to profile the metabolites. <b>Results</b>: Protonitazene and protonitazepyne, two nitazenes differing in their ethylamine moieties (i.e., a diethyl versus a pyrrolidine substitution, respectively), were identified. We found an extensive metabolism of protonitazene, leading to the identification of multiple phase I (resulting from hydroxylation, N-desethylation, and O-despropylation) and phase II (resulting from glucuronidation) metabolites. By contrast, protonitazepyne metabolism appeared limited, with one metabolite annotated confidently, protonitazepyne acid, which resulted from the oxidative pyrrolidine ring cleavage. <b>Concusions</b>: To conclude, nitazene detection is highly challenging due to its extensive structural and metabolic diversity. Our findings highlight the contribution of the untargeted LC-HRMS screening approach and suggest that diagnostic product ions can serve as robust markers for nitazene identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Associations of Serum Folate Forms with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Hai Zhao, Wei Fan, Yan Yan, Yuxing Liu, Xuejun Kang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060370","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Accumulating evidence indicates a link between folate and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). <b>Objectives</b>: The aim of this study was to ascertain whether different serum folate forms are associated with newly defined MAFLD as well as liver fibrosis in the US general population. <b>Methods</b>: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2017-2020 (March) cycle and 2017-2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the US. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were evaluated by transient elastography, which employed controlled attenuation parameters and liver stiffness measurements as assessment indicators. <b>Results</b>: 7447 eligible individuals were included. The estimated prevalence of MAFLD and liver fibrosis was 51.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50.4-52.7%) and 10.0% (95% CI: 9.3-10.7%). After adjusting for confounding factors, for every 1 nmol/L increase in serum 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-mTHF), the risk of developing liver fibrosis decreased by 1% (95% CI: 1-2%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and the risk of developing MAFLD decreased by 1% (95% CI: 0-2%, <i>p</i> = 0.005). There were also significant differences in indicators such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transaminase (GGT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) between the MAFLD group and the non-MAFLD group (all <i>p</i> values < 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: This study suggests the prevalence of MAFLD and liver fibrosis decreased significantly with the increase in serum 5-mTHF concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsaicin as a Microbiome Modulator: Metabolic Interactions and Implications for Host Health.","authors":"Iván Artemio Corral-Guerrero, Angela Elena Martínez-Medina, Litzy Yazmin Alvarado-Mata, Ana Cristina Figueroa Chávez, Roberto Muñoz-García, Miriam Paulina Luévanos-Escareño, Jazel Doménica Sosa-Martínez, María José Castro-Alonso, Padma Nimmakayala, Umesh K Reddy, Nagamani Balagurusamy","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060372","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Capsaicin is the principal pungent compound in chili peppers and is increasingly recognized as a multifunctional phytochemical with systemic effects beyond its sensory properties. It has been linked to metabolic regulation, neuroprotection, inflammation control, and cancer modulation. This review aims to provide an integrative synthesis of capsaicin's metabolism, its interaction with the gut microbiome, and its physiological implications across organ systems. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a critical literature review of recent in vivo and in vitro studies exploring capsaicin's metabolic fate, biotransformation by host enzymes and gut microbes, tissue distribution, and molecular pathways. The literature was analyzed thematically to cover gastrointestinal absorption, hepatic metabolism, microbiota interactions, and systemic cellular responses. <b>Results:</b> Capsaicin undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, producing hydroxylated and dehydrogenated metabolites that differ in transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor affinity and tissue-specific bioactivity. It crosses the blood-brain barrier, alters neurotransmitter levels, and accumulates in brain regions involved in cognition. In addition to its systemic effects, capsaicin appears to undergo microbial transformation and influences gut microbial composition, favoring short-chain fatty acid producers and suppressing pro-inflammatory taxa. These changes contribute to anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and potentially anticancer effects. Dose-dependent adverse outcomes, such as epithelial damage or tumor promotion, have also been observed. <b>Conclusions:</b> Capsaicin represents a diet-derived bioactive molecule whose systemic impact is shaped by dynamic interactions between host metabolism and the gut microbiota. Clarifying its biotransformation pathways and context-specific effects is essential for its safe and effective use in metabolic and neurological health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ergosterol Protects Canine MDCK Cells from Gentamicin-Induced Damage by Modulating Autophagy and Apoptosis.","authors":"Zhipeng Qin, Liuwei Xie, Yao Wang, Na Zhang, Hailong Bi, Mingqiang Song, Chao Xu","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060373","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Renal injury is a critical health issue in pet dogs, often exacerbated by drug-induced nephrotoxicity such as gentamicin (GM). This study investigated the protective effects of ergosterol (Erg), a natural compound from edible mushrooms, against GM-induced damage in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. <b>Methods:</b> MDCK cells were treated with GM (0.5-3 mmol/L) for 12 h to establish injury. Erg (1 to 32 μg/mL) was pretreated for 12 h before GM exposure (2 mmol/L). Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oxidative stress markers (SOD, GSH, CAT, MDA), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), renal function indicators (Scr, BUN), and autophagy/apoptosis-related proteins (ATG5, Beclin1, P62, BAX, BCL-2) were assessed via CCK-8, ELISA, fluorescence staining, and Western blot. Statistical significance (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was determined by ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. <b>Results:</b> GM (2 mmol/L) significantly reduced cell viability (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and elevated NO and LDH levels (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Erg pretreatment (4-8 μg/mL) restored cell viability (<i>p</i> < 0.01), suppressed NO (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and LDH release (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH, CAT; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Erg attenuated GM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Renal markers Scr and BUN were reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Mechanistically, Erg upregulated autophagy proteins ATG5 and Beclin1 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), reduced P62 accumulation (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and lowered the BAX/BCL-2 ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.01). <b>Conclusions</b>: Erg protects MDCK cells from GM-induced nephrotoxicity by restoring autophagy flux, suppressing mitochondrial apoptosis, and mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings highlight Erg's potential as a natural therapeutic agent for canine renal injury. Further in vivo studies are needed to validate its clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Acute Cytokine Dynamics Induced in Professional Padel According to the Playing Side of the Court and Sex-Related Differences.","authors":"María Pía Cádiz-Gallardo, Francisco Pradas, Pamela Patanè, Alejandro García-Giménez, Miguel Lecina, Luis Carrasco","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060368","DOIUrl":"10.3390/metabo15060368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Moderate-intensity physical exercise induces an anti-inflammatory state that may help prevent or manage various diseases. In contrast, high-intensity exercise is closely associated with systemic inflammation, which can lead to immunosuppression, especially when recovery periods are too short, reduced sports performance and potential health risks for the athlete. This study aimed to analyze the acute cytokine dynamics in professional padel players, focusing on differences related to the side of play on the court (forehand or backhand) and sex. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 21 elite padel players (11 females and 10 males; age: 27.7 ± 6.3 y) voluntarily participated in the study. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13) were analyzed before and after a padel match. <b>Results</b>: The results showed significant changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory, including a decrease in IL-7 (<i>p</i> = 0.02), an increase in IL-8 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and an increase in IL-10 (<i>p</i> = 0.001). No significant differences were observed based on the side of play on the court, suggesting that this variable does not influence the immune response. <b>Conclusions</b>: Competitive padel at an elite level elicits an anti-inflammatory response, characterized by an increase in IL-10 and a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines. This response highlights the potential health benefits of padel as a moderate-intensity sport, particularly in managing systemic inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}