Metabolites最新文献

{"title":"LC-MS/MS-Based Determination and Optimization of Linoleic Acid Oxides in <i>Baijiu</i> and Their Variation with Storage Time.","authors":"Cheng Fang, Xiaotong Zhuang, Zhanguo Li, Yongfang Zou, Jizhou Pu, Dong Wang, Yan Xu","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Post-production storage plays a pivotal role in developing the characteristic flavor profile of <i>Baijiu</i>, a traditional alcoholic beverage in China. While aging markers remain crucial for quality authentication, the identification of reliable metabolic indicators for chronological determination requires further exploration. <b>Methods</b>: This study establishes a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methodology for quantifying five linoleic acid-derived oxidative metabolites in <i>Baijiu</i>: 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acid (9,12,13-TriHOME), 9,10-Dihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid (9,10-DiHOME), 9-oxo-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid (9-OxoODE), 9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) and 13-hydroxyoctadeca-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoic acid (13-HODE). <b>Results</b>: The optimized protocol demonstrated exceptional sensitivity with limits of detection at 0.4 ppb through membrane-filtered direct dilution. Calibration curves exhibited excellent linearity (R² > 0.9990) across 1.0-100.0 ppb ranges. Method validation revealed satisfactory recovery rates (87.25-119.44%) at three spiking levels (10/20/50 ppb) with precision below 6.96% RSD. Application to authentic samples showed distinct temporal accumulation patterns. Light-aroma <i>Baijiu</i> exhibited storage duration-dependent increases in all five oxides. Strong aroma variants demonstrated significant positive correlations for 9,12,13-TriHOME, 9,10-DiHOME, and 9-OxoODE with aging time. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings systematically characterize linoleic acid oxidation products as potential aging markers, providing both methodological advancements and new insights into <i>Baijiu</i> aging mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphisms Involved in Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Inflammation: Influence of Nutrients and Dietary Interventions.","authors":"Graziela Biude Silva Duarte, Gabriela de Freitas Laiber Pascoal, Marcelo Macedo Rogero","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic disorder characterized by an impaired response to insulin. This condition is associated with excess adiposity and metabolic inflammation, contributing to an increased risk for related chronic diseases. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can affect genes related to metabolic pathways which are related to IR and the individual response to nutrients and dietary patterns, affecting metabolic inflammation and insulin sensitivity. This narrative review explores the current evidence on interactions between genetic variants and dietary factors, specifically their effects in modulating IR and metabolic inflammation. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, and a total of 95 articles were reviewed. The key findings reveal that SNPs in the <i>TCF7L2</i>, <i>ADIPOQ</i>, and <i>TNF</i> genes significantly influence metabolic responses and modulate the effects of the Mediterranean diet on biomarkers of inflammation and IR. Genotype-dependent variations in IR and inflammation biomarkers were observed in the response to different diets for SNPs in the <i>TCF7L2</i>, <i>ADIPOQ</i>, and <i>TNF</i> genes. Additionally, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can also predict the response to the intake of nutrients and specific diets, and offer a promising tool for assessing genetic predisposition to IR. This review underscores the pivotal role of an individual's genetic background in the effects of their nutrient intake and in the responses to dietetic interventions, thereby laying the foundation for personalized and effective nutritional strategies tailored to each individual's necessity in mitigating IR and its associated risk factors for chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Changes in Patients with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Adipose Tissue Focus-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Miriam Sánchez-García, Kapy León-Wu, Regina de Miguel-Ibáñez, Nitzia López-Juárez, Claudia Ramírez-Rentería, Etual Espinosa-Cárdenas, Ernesto Sosa-Eroza, Manuel R García-Sáenz","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Estrogen plays a crucial role in adipose tissue homeostasis, influencing fat distribution, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Through estrogen receptor (ER) activation, particularly ERα, estradiol (E2) regulates adipogenesis, inhibits adipocyte hypertrophy, and promotes insulin signaling. It enhances lipid oxidation, reduces lipogenesis, and suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production, thereby maintaining metabolic health. Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), characterized by estrogen deficiency before the age of 40, disrupts this regulatory network, leading to adverse metabolic effects. <b>Objetives:</b> This review examines the effects of estrogen on adipose tissue, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism, with a particular focus on clinical evidence in women with POI. Methods: A narrative review of the metabolic alterations associated with POI, emphasizing the molecular, biochemical, and metabolic mechanisms underlying estrogen deficiency, with a special focus on adipose tissue. <b>Results:</b> Women with POI exhibit increased visceral fat accumulation, reduced lean mass, and alterations in adipokine secretion, resembling the metabolic phenotype of postmenopausal women. The decline in estrogen levels contributes to central adiposity, impaired lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance, exacerbating the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The loss of estrogenic regulation leads to enhanced lipolysis in visceral fat, raising free fatty acid flux to the liver, promoting hepatic steatosis, and worsening insulin resistance. Studies indicate that POI patients have significantly higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides compared to age-matched controls, reinforcing their heightened CVD risk. Reduced sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels increase free androgen availability, aggravating central fat deposition. These metabolic disturbances can potentially accelerate atherosclerosis and vascular aging, increasing morbidity and mortality in POI patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> Understanding the role of estrogen in adipose tissue and its disruption in POI highlights the importance of early intervention. Although the available evidence is limited and largely extrapolated from menopause studies, strategies such as hormone replacement therapy, lifestyle modifications, and lipid profile optimization are essential to mitigate metabolic consequences and improve long-term health outcomes in women with POI.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steroids Static Postural Balance Changes After Exercise Intervention Correlate with Steroidome in Elderly Female.","authors":"Zuzanna Kornatovská, Martin Hill, Dobroslava Jandová, Milada Krejčí, Anna Zwierzchowska","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging is associated with the development of various disorders, including postural imbalance, which increases the risk of falls and related health complications. This study examines changes in static postural balance after a 4-week intervention involving appropriate exercise and an optimized daily regimen. Additionally, it explores the relationship between these changes and the steroidome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted on a clinically homogeneous group of 41 females around their sixth decade, diagnosed with anxiety-depressive syndrome and treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Postural balance was assessed using the dual-scales method (DLLL-DSM), which estimates postural imbalance by evaluating differences in the lower limb load in the standing position. Correlations between initial DLLL-DSM values, age, BMI, and the baseline levels of nine serum steroids, as well as post-intervention changes in five steroids, were analyzed using multivariate regression (OPLS model).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant reduction in lower limb load differences (-ΔDLLL-DSM), indicating improved postural balance, was observed. The -ΔDLLL-DSM strongly correlated with initial DLLL-DSM values, age, BMI, initial levels of nine serum steroids, and post-intervention changes in five steroids (R = 0.892, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, initial DLLL-DSM values negatively correlated with adrenal androgen androstenediol sulfate and various sulfated 5α/β-reduced androgen metabolites (R = 0.323, <i>p</i> < 0.05), suggesting that the activity of steroid sulfotransferase (SULT2A1) and C17-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) at the lyase step is negatively associated with postural imbalance in elderly females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that even severe postural imbalance can be effectively and relatively rapidly improved through an appropriate exercise-based intervention and an optimized daily regimen, provided that initial adrenal activity is not significantly impaired. Additionally, the identified associations between steroid levels and postural balance provide new insights into the hormonal mechanisms regulating balance control in older individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 30-Day Randomized Crossover Human Study on the Safety and Tolerability of a New Micellar Berberine Formulation with Improved Bioavailability.","authors":"Afoke Ibi, Chuck Chang, Yun Chai Kuo, Yiming Zhang, Min Du, Yoon Seok Roh, Roland Gahler, Mary Hardy, Julia Solnier","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Berberine is a naturally occurring compound found in several plants and has been traditionally used for its various health benefits. However, its poor bioavailability limits its therapeutic potential. Berberine LipoMicel^® is a novel micellar formulation of berberine, microencapsulated within an emulsified matrix, designed to enhance bioavailability and bioactivity. This study aims to evaluate its safety, ensuring that improved bioavailability does not introduce new safety concerns. <b>Methods</b>: To assess its safety, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with a minimum 4-week washout period was conducted in 19 healthy participants over 30 days. The participants received 1000 mg of the treatment daily (i.e., 2 capsules/d), and their capillary blood was analyzed every week to monitor for changes in established safety markers related to liver and kidney function, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TB), creatinine, fasting glucose (GLU), HbA1c, and various electrolytes. Additionally, potential side effects were recorded through the collection of weekly health questionnaires to determine treatment tolerability. <b>Results</b>: Compared to placebo, no statistically significant changes in any of the safety markers related to liver or kidney health were detected. Within-group analysis revealed a significant reduction of total cholesterol (TC) in females after 30 days of Berberine LipoMicel^® treatment. Although not significant, both male and female participants showed a noticeable improvement in the mean AST, potentially signaling a hepatoprotective effect. As for tolerability, no adverse events were reported by any of the participants. <b>Conclusions</b>: Based on these findings, despite higher bioavailability of berberine in a newly formulated delivery system (LipoMicel^®), the treatment was found to be safe and well tolerated by human participants, with no significant deviations in blood chemistry that would indicate safety concerns over a period of 30 days.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12028944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Serum Uric Acid Levels with Cardiometabolic Factors in Adolescents with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Miguel Angel Villasis-Keever, Jessie Nallely Zurita-Cruz, Iris Alejandra Alcaraz-Hurtado, Miguel Klünder-Klünder, Jenny Vilchis-Gil, Ana Laura Romero-Guerra, Ana Laura López-Beltran, Martha Alicia Delgadillo-Ruano","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High serum uric acid (SUA) levels are known to be correlated with cardiometabolic factors in adults, but this relationship is less clear in the pediatric population, particularly given the undefined cutoff points for high SUA levels.</p><p><strong>Objetive: </strong>This study aimed to explore the associations between SUA levels and cardiometabolic factors in obese adolescents.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 391 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with obesity (BMI > 95th percentile), assessing outcomes such as hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. The statistical methods used to compare SUA levels with cardiometabolic factors included the Mann-Whitney U test and the chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that the median SUA level was 5.9 mg/dL, with significant differences between the sexes (5.5 mg/dL for girls and 6.1 mg/dL for boys). The highest SUA tertile (≥6.41 mg/dL) was associated with a significantly greater frequency of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia than the lowest tertile (<i>p</i> < 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concluded that higher SUA levels are significantly associated with specific cardiometabolic risks in adolescents with obesity, highlighting the importance of monitoring SUA levels in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Ten Novel Metabolites of a PAF Antagonist SY0916 in Rats Using LC-MS and NMR.","authors":"Xin He, Tingting Zhang, Hongyi Zhao, Chen Ma","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> SY0916 is a novel PAF receptor antagonist used to treat chronic immune-inflammatory diseases and is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials. However, SY0916 is rapidly transformed in vivo, suggesting a demand for metabolite screening. <b>Methods:</b> According to the similar MS fragmentation patterns of SY0916 and its five reported metabolites (M01, M02, M03, M05, and M06), a strategy based on two characteristic ions of <i>m/z</i> 170 and <i>m/z</i> 142 was employed to identify the potential metabolites in precursor screening in vivo, then LC-HRMS and NMR were applied to the metabolites characterization. <b>Results:</b> Two phase I metabolites (M07 and M08) were identified using LC-HRMS and NMR. Eight phase II metabolites, including six glutathione conjugates (M09-M14) and two sulfonate conjugates (M15 and M16), were identified using LC-HRMS. The possible metabolic pathways of SY0916 and fragmentation regularities of mass spectra of its metabolites were summarized. <b>Conclusions:</b> We preliminarily determined the metabolic profile of SY0916 in rats using LC-MS, providing insight into the metabolism of SY0916 in vivo and a basis for clinical studies and future applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Amino Acids on Quorum Sensing-Related Pathways in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1: Insights from the GEM iJD1249.","authors":"Javier Alejandro Delgado-Nungaray, Luis Joel Figueroa-Yáñez, Eire Reynaga-Delgado, Mario Alberto García-Ramírez, Karla Esperanza Aguilar-Corona, Orfil Gonzalez-Reynoso","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Amino acids (AAs) play a critical role in diseases such as cystic fibrosis where <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1 adapts its metabolism in response to host-derived nutrients. The adaptation influences virulence and complicates antibiotic treatment mainly for the antimicrobial resistance context. D- and L-AAs have been analyzed for their impact on quorum sensing (QS), a mechanism that regulates virulence factors. This research aimed to reconstruct the genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 to investigate the metabolic roles of D- and L-AAs in QS-related pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The updated GEM, iJD1249, was reconstructed by using protocols to integrate data from previous models and refined with well-standardized in silico media (LB, M9, and SCFM) to improve flux balance analysis accuracy. The model was used to explore the metabolic impact of D-Met, D-Ala, D-Glu, D-Ser, L-His, L-Glu, L-Arg, and L-Ornithine (L-Orn) at 5 and 50 mM in QS-related pathways, focusing on the effects on bacterial growth and carbon flux distributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the tested AAs, D-Met was the only one that did not enhance the growth rate of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1, while L-Arg and L-Orn increased fluxes in the L-methionine biosynthesis pathway, influencing the <i>metH</i> gene. These findings suggest a differential metabolic role for D-and L-AAs in QS-related pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results shed some light on the metabolic impact of AAs on QS-related pathways and their potential role in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> virulence. Future studies should assess D-Met as a potential adjuvant in antimicrobial strategies, optimizing the concentration in combination with antibiotics to maximize its therapeutic effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Reveals Muscle-Region-Specific Differences in Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors Driving Intramuscular Fat Accumulation.","authors":"Shuji Ueda, Chiaki Kitamura, Yuka Tateoka, Akinori Kanai, Yutaka Suzuki, Itsuko Fukuda, Yasuhito Shirai","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ectopic fat deposition refers to lipid accumulation that affects metabolic function and tissue characteristics. Japanese Black cattle are distinguished by their high intramuscular fat content, which contributes to their distinctive character. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying these traits remain unclear. This study compared gene expression patterns in different muscle regions to identify genes associated with intramuscular fat accumulation. First, we conducted RNA sequencing to analyze differences in gene expression profiles among the sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor, and pectoralis major muscles. In addition, single-cell nuclear RNA sequencing was conducted to investigate the cellular composition of these muscle tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distinct gene expression patterns were observed among the different muscles. In the pectoralis, which contains a high proportion of intramuscular fat, adipocyte-related genes such as <i>FABP4</i>, <i>SCD</i>, and <i>ADIPOQ</i> were highly expressed. In addition, lipases such as <i>PNPLA2</i>, <i>LPL</i>, <i>MGLL</i>, and <i>LIPE</i> were predominantly expressed in intramuscular fat, whereas <i>PLA2G12A</i>, <i>PLD3</i>, and <i>ALOX15</i> were specifically expressed in myofibers. Moreover, a subclass of fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells that differentiate into intramuscular adipocytes was found to express genes related to microenvironment formation, including <i>ICAM1</i>, <i>TGFBRs</i>, and members of the <i>COL4A</i> family.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides novel insight into the genetic regulation of intramuscular fat accumulation. It improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their distinctive meat characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma and Urine Metabolites Associated with Microperimetric Retinal Sensitivity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","authors":"Krupa Sourirajan, Kevin Mendez, Ines Lains, Gregory Tsougranis, Haemin Kang, Georgiy Kozak, Augustine Bannerman, Roshni Bhat, Hanna Choi, Archana Nigalye, Ivana K Kim, Demetrios G Vavvas, David M Wu, Liming Liang, John B Miller, Joan W Miller, Jessica Lasky-Su, Deeba Husain","doi":"10.3390/metabo15040232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is the current gold standard of retinal function measurement but is not affected in early and intermediate forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Increasing evidence suggests that microperimetry is a sensitive measure of visual function. This study sought to analyze the associations between plasma and urine metabolites and microperimetry in AMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included data on 363 eyes (95 controls, 268 AMD). Microperimetry was performed in patients with or without AMD using the Macular Integrity Assessment (MAIA) microperimetry system, employing a 37-point full-threshold protocol. Plasma and urine samples were analyzed via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Multilevel mixed-effects linear models were used to assess associations between the metabolites and retinal sensitivity. Statistical significance was determined by considering the number of independent tests that accounted for 80% of the variance (ENT80).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified two plasma and seven urine metabolites, which were significantly associated with mean retinal sensitivity in AMD, and the key results include metabolites in the lysine metabolism pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To our knowledge, we present the first assessment of the associations between plasma and urinary metabolites and retinal microperimetry sensitivity in AMD. This work can reveal more insight into the pathogenesis of AMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}