IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/met14090990

Konrad Wojtaszek, Adrianna Pach, Tomasz Michalek, Kamil Dudek, Marek Wojnicki

引用次数: 0

Effect of the Addition of Cu and Al on the Microstructure, Phase Composition and Properties of a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Obtained by Selective Laser Melting 添加铜和铝对通过选择性激光熔化获得的 Ti-6Al-4V 合金的微观结构、相组成和性能的影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/met14090991

Galina M. Zeer, Yuri I. Gordeev, Elena G. Zelenkova, Artur K. Abkaryan, Evgeny V. Gerasimov, Mikhail Yu. Kuchinskii, Sergey M. Zharkov

{"title":"Effect of the Addition of Cu and Al on the Microstructure, Phase Composition and Properties of a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Obtained by Selective Laser Melting","authors":"Galina M. Zeer, Yuri I. Gordeev, Elena G. Zelenkova, Artur K. Abkaryan, Evgeny V. Gerasimov, Mikhail Yu. Kuchinskii, Sergey M. Zharkov","doi":"10.3390/met14090991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090991","url":null,"abstract":"The present study considers the samples of an Ti-6Al-4V alloy obtained by selective laser melting with the addition of a 10% Cu-Al powder mixture. The microstructure, elemental composition and phase composition, as well as the physico-chemical properties, have been investigated by the methods of electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, and bending testing. The obtained samples have a relative density of 98.5 ± 0.1%. The addition of the Cu-Al powder mixture facilitates supercooling during crystallization and solidification, which allows decreasing the size and changing the shape of the initial β-Ti grains. The constant cooling rate of the alloy typical for the SLM technology has been shown to be able to prevent martensitic transformation. The formation of a structure that consists of β-Ti grains, a dispersed eutectoid mixture of α-Ti and Ti2Cu grains, and a solid solution of Al in Cu has been revealed. In the case of doping by the 10% Cu-Al mixture, the physico-mechanical properties are improved. The hardness of the samples amounts to 390 HRC, with the bending strength being 1550 ± 20 MPa and deformation of 3.5 ± 0.2%. The developed alloy can be recommended for applications in the production of parts of jet and car engines, implants for medicine, and corrosion-resistant parts for the chemical industry.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Interplay between Nucleation and the Rates of Chemical Reduction in the Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Microemulsions: A Computer Study 微乳液中双金属纳米粒子合成过程中成核与化学还原速率之间的相互作用：计算机研究

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/met14090987

Concha Tojo

{"title":"The Interplay between Nucleation and the Rates of Chemical Reduction in the Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Microemulsions: A Computer Study","authors":"Concha Tojo","doi":"10.3390/met14090987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090987","url":null,"abstract":"Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to investigate the interaction between nucleation and the rates of chemical reduction in Au/Ag, Au/Pt and Au/Pd nanoparticles prepared in microemulsions using a one-pot method. The impact of nucleation on final nanostructure depends on the critical nucleus size value: at a high critical nucleus size, nucleation becomes the main factor in determining the final nanostructure, even with a very large difference in reduction rates, as seen in the Au/Pd pair. However, when the critical nucleus size is small, the difference in reduction rates of the two metals becomes the key parameter determining the final nanostructure. Furthermore, the relevance of heteroatomic nucleation on the mechanism of nanoparticle formation depends on the difference between the reduction rates of the two metals. Smaller differences, such as in the Au/Ag or Au/Pt pairs, result in a greater impact of heteroatomic nucleation on the final nanostructure. In contrast, in the Au/Pd pair, heteroatomic nucleation becomes less important due to the low availability of Pd until late stages of synthesis. This study provides deeper insight into the complex mechanisms that govern reactions in microemulsions.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Multiple Solder Reflows on the Formation of Cu6Sn5 Intermetallics and the Decomposition of SnAg3.0Cu0.5 Solder Joints in the Framework of Rework and Reuse of MLCC Components 在返修和重复使用 MLCC 组件的框架内，多次焊料回流对 Cu6Sn5 金属间化合物形成和 SnAg3.0Cu0.5 焊点分解的影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/met14090986

Erik Wiss, Steffen Wiese

{"title":"The Effect of Multiple Solder Reflows on the Formation of Cu6Sn5 Intermetallics and the Decomposition of SnAg3.0Cu0.5 Solder Joints in the Framework of Rework and Reuse of MLCC Components","authors":"Erik Wiss, Steffen Wiese","doi":"10.3390/met14090986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090986","url":null,"abstract":"A rework of electronic assemblies and the reuse of electronic components are the most effective ways to reduce electronic waste. Since neither components nor substrates were developed with the intention of multiple usage, the question of how the integrity of lead-free solder joints is affected by multiple reflow operations is crucial for the implementation of any reuse strategy. Therefore, various types of 1206 multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) differing in their capacitance value and dielectric type (X5R, X7R, Y5V, NP0) were soldered on test printed circuit boards (PCBs) having a pure Cu-metallization surface in order to investigate the intermetallic reactions during multiple reflows. The metallization system on the MLCC-component side consisted of a thick film of Ni covered by galvanic-deposited Sn. The reflow experiments were conducted using a hypoeutectic SnAgCu solder. The results show the formation of a Cu6Sn5 intermetallic phase on both metallizations, which grows homogeneously with the number of reflows. Moreover, an ongoing decomposition of the solder into Ag-enriched and depleted zones was observed. The effect of these microstructural changes on the functionality of the solder joint was investigated by mechanical shear experiments and electrical four-point capacitance measurements.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatigue Response of Additive-Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel 添加剂制造的 316L 不锈钢的疲劳响应

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/met14090988

Melody Chepkoech, Peter Omoniyi, Gbadebo Owolabi

{"title":"Fatigue Response of Additive-Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel","authors":"Melody Chepkoech, Peter Omoniyi, Gbadebo Owolabi","doi":"10.3390/met14090988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090988","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the fatigue performance of 316L stainless steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Stress-controlled fatigue tests were performed at different stress amplitudes on vertically built samples using a frequency of 15 Hz and a stress ratio of 0.1. The stress amplitudes were varied to provide the cyclic response of the materials under a range of loading conditions. The average fatigue strength was determined to be 92.94 MPa, corresponding to a maximum stress of 185.87 MPa. The microstructures were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with the aid of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and the average grain size of the as-built samples was determined to be 15.6 µm, with most grains having a <110> preferred crystallographic orientation. A higher kernel average misorientation value was measured on the deformed surfaces, revealing the increased misorientation of the grains. Defects were observed on the fractured surfaces acting as crack initiators while deflecting the crack propagation paths. The fatigue failure mode for the LPBF 316L samples was ductile, as illustrated by the numerous dimples on fracture surfaces and fatigue striations.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural Relaxation and Delayed Yielding in Cyclically Sheared Cu-Zr Metallic Glasses 循环剪切 Cu-Zr 金属玻璃中的结构松弛和延迟屈服

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/met14090984

Nikolai V. Priezjev

{"title":"Structural Relaxation and Delayed Yielding in Cyclically Sheared Cu-Zr Metallic Glasses","authors":"Nikolai V. Priezjev","doi":"10.3390/met14090984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090984","url":null,"abstract":"The yielding transition, structural relaxation, and mechanical properties of metallic glasses subjected to repeated loading are examined using molecular dynamics simulations. We consider a poorly annealed Cu-Zr amorphous alloy periodically deformed in a wide range of strain amplitudes at room temperature. It is found that low-amplitude cyclic loading leads to a logarithmic decay of the potential energy, and lower energy states are attained when the strain amplitude approaches a critical point from below. Moreover, the potential energy after several thousand loading cycles is a linear function of the peak value of the stress overshoot during startup continuous shear deformation of the annealed sample. We show that the process of structural relaxation involves collective, irreversible rearrangements of groups of atoms whose spatial extent is most pronounced at the initial stage of loading and at higher strain amplitudes. At the critical amplitude, the glass becomes mechanically annealed for a number of transient cycles and then yields via the formation of a shear band. The yielding transition is clearly marked by abrupt changes in the potential energy, storage modulus, and fraction of atoms with large nonaffine displacements.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructure Control for Enhancing the Combination of Strength and Elongation in Ti-6Al-4V through Heat Treatment 通过热处理控制微结构以提高 Ti-6Al-4V 的强度和伸长率组合

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/met14090985

Seongji Seo, Minsu Jung, Jiyong Park

引用次数: 0

Behaviour of Dissimilar Welded Connections of Mild Carbon (S235), Stainless (1.4404), and High-Strength (S690) Steels under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading 低碳钢 (S235)、不锈钢 (1.4404) 和高强度钢 (S690) 的异种焊接连接在单调和循环载荷下的行为

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/met14090989

Anna Ene, Aurel Stratan, Ioan Both

{"title":"Behaviour of Dissimilar Welded Connections of Mild Carbon (S235), Stainless (1.4404), and High-Strength (S690) Steels under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading","authors":"Anna Ene, Aurel Stratan, Ioan Both","doi":"10.3390/met14090989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090989","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of an increasing interest in the use of high-performance steels in the construction industry due to their superior mechanical properties, understanding the behaviour and assessing the performance of dissimilar welded connections becomes essential. When several steel grades are adopted for fabrication of the same dissipative element, dissimilar welded connections have a decisive importance regarding the seismic performance of the structural member. This paper presents the experimental results of monotonic and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests on dissimilar welded connections. The welded connections are designed to reproduce the loading state that occurs between the web and the flanges of dissipative links in an eccentrically braced frame, and represent combinations of S235 mild carbon steel, 1.4404 austenitic stainless steel, and S690 high-strength steel. The obtained experimental results provide a better understanding of the behaviour of dissimilar welded connections through the evaluation of their strength, ductility, and failure mechanisms, providing a basis for finite element (FE) models’ calibration for further numerical simulations. This study contributes to the evaluation of the feasibility of connections between dissimilar steels in seismic-resistant steel structures.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potentials of Additive Manufacturing for Cutting Tools: A Review of Scientific and Industrial Applications 切削工具增材制造的潜力：科学与工业应用综述

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/met14090982

Tobias Kelliger, Markus Meurer, Thomas Bergs

引用次数: 0

The Effect of the Forming Mode on Twinning and Springback in the Bending-Dominated Forming of Magnesium AZ31 Sheet 镁 AZ31 板材弯曲成形中成形模式对孪晶和回弹的影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/met14090983

Matthias Weiss, Shiromani Gangoda Desinghe, Peter Hodgson, Hossein Beladi

{"title":"The Effect of the Forming Mode on Twinning and Springback in the Bending-Dominated Forming of Magnesium AZ31 Sheet","authors":"Matthias Weiss, Shiromani Gangoda Desinghe, Peter Hodgson, Hossein Beladi","doi":"10.3390/met14090983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090983","url":null,"abstract":"The sheet metal forming of magnesium is challenging due to the material’s complex springback behaviour, which is due to the tension/compression yield mismatch. In this study, three different AZ31 grain sizes are produced by a special heat treatment, while maintaining the material strength in uniaxial tension at a similar level. Pure, V-die and channel bending tests are combined with roll forming to compare bending scenarios with and without tension applied transverse and parallel to the bending axis. This is complemented with electron backscatter diffraction to measure the twinning type and twinning area fraction (TAF) in the tension and compression bending zones. Our study shows that, like conventional steel, when bending magnesium, springback reduces with the increasing level of the outer fibre bending strain, i.e., when the bend radius is decreased and the TAF increased. It is further shown that when tension is applied, the TAF increases. However, while in some forming cases, the increase in TAF leads to a clear reduction in springback, in other forming cases the effect of the TAF on springback is less pronounced. Overall, this study provides clear evidence that the twinning behaviour in bending magnesium is influenced by the bend deformation mode and that this influences the springback behaviour.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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