IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI: 10.3390/met14080910

Biwen Yang, Bo Song, Liang Chen, Honghong Sun, Derek O. Northwood, Kristian E. Waters, Hao Ma

引用次数: 0

Corrosion Behaviors of Weathering Steels in the Actual Marine Atmospheric Zone and Immersion Zone 风化钢在实际海洋大气区和浸入区的腐蚀行为

IF 2.6 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/met14080903

Ying Yang, Tianzi Lin, Guohui Wang, Yubo Wang, Minghui Shao, Fandi Meng, Fuhui Wang

引用次数: 0

Detrimental Effects of βo-Phase on Practical Properties of TiAl Alloys β相对钛铝合金实际性能的有害影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/met14080908

Toshimitsu Tetsui, Kazuhiro Mizuta

{"title":"Detrimental Effects of βo-Phase on Practical Properties of TiAl Alloys","authors":"Toshimitsu Tetsui, Kazuhiro Mizuta","doi":"10.3390/met14080908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080908","url":null,"abstract":"The TNM alloy, a βo-phase-containing TiAl alloy, has been withdrawn from use as a last-stage turbine blade in commercial jet engines as it suffered frequent impact fractures in service, raising doubts regarding the necessity of the βo-phase in practical TiAl alloys. Here, we evaluate the practical properties required for jet engine blades for various TiAl alloys and investigate the effects of the βo-phase thereupon. First, we explore the influence of the βo-phase content on the impact resistance and machinability for forged Ti–43.5Al–xCr and cast Ti–46.0Al–xCr alloys; the properties deteriorate significantly at increasing βo-phase contents. Subsequently, two practical TiAl alloys—TNM alloy and TiAl4822—were prepared with and without the βo-phase by varying the heat treatment temperature for the former and the Cr concentration for the latter. In addition to impact resistance and machinability, the creep strength is significantly reduced by the presence of the βo-phase. Overall, these findings suggest that the βo-phase is an undesirable phase in practical TiAl alloys, especially those used for jet engine blades, because, although the disordered β-phase is soft at high temperatures, it changes to significantly more brittle and harder βo-phase after cooling.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the Feeding Behavior in a Bottom-Blown Lead-Smelting Furnace 底吹熔铅炉中的进料行为分析

IF 2.6 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/met14080906

Kena Sun, Xiaowu Jie, Yonglu Zhang, Wei Gao, Derek O. Northwood, K. E. Waters, Hao Ma

引用次数: 0

Catalytic Activity Evaluation of the Molten Salt-Modified Novel Ni Electrodes for Urea Electrooxidation in Alkaline Solutions 熔盐修饰的新型镍电极在碱性溶液中进行尿素电氧化的催化活性评估

IF 2.6 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/met14080904

D. Kutyła, Michihisa Fukumoto, Hiroki Takahashi, M. Wojnicki, P. Żabiński

{"title":"Catalytic Activity Evaluation of the Molten Salt-Modified Novel Ni Electrodes for Urea Electrooxidation in Alkaline Solutions","authors":"D. Kutyła, Michihisa Fukumoto, Hiroki Takahashi, M. Wojnicki, P. Żabiński","doi":"10.3390/met14080904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080904","url":null,"abstract":"The presented paper characterized the molten salt-modified Ni electrode with excellent catalytic activity towards alkaline urea electrooxidation reaction. The electrodes were modified by electrodeposition of Al from molten salt electrolytes containing NaCl-KCl-AlF3 at a temperature of 750 °C and applied potential of −1.9 V. The porous surface was obtained by anodic polarization with a potential of −0.4 V until the anodic current was equal to 0 mAcm−2. The prepared deposits’ structure, surface morphology, and composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Anodic polarization was applied to assess the electrocatalytic activity and elucidate the urea electrooxidation mechanism in 1 M KOH + 0.33 M urea solution. The nanocrystalline structure, fine grain size, and microcracks on the surface of the studied electrodes contributed to their notably high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). The cyclic voltammetry in the non-Faradaic regions of the samples shows that molten salt modification can increase the double layer capacitance of bare Ni plates by around ten times, from 0.29 mFcm−2 to 2.16 mFcm−2. Polarization of the electrodes in urea-containing KOH solution with potential of +1.52 V shows a significant difference in catalytic performance. For the bare nickel sample, the registered current density from the urea electrooxidation reaction was around +1 mAcm−2, and for the molten salt-modified one, it was +38 mAcm−2, which indicates the fact that the molten salt surface treatment can be a promising tool in tailoring the electrochemical properties of materials.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Inclusion Parameter and Depth on the Rotating Bending Fatigue Behavior of Bearing Steel 夹杂参数和深度对轴承钢旋转弯曲疲劳行为的影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/met14080907

Lijun Xu, Zhonghua Zhan, Shulan Zhang

{"title":"Influence of Inclusion Parameter and Depth on the Rotating Bending Fatigue Behavior of Bearing Steel","authors":"Lijun Xu, Zhonghua Zhan, Shulan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/met14080907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080907","url":null,"abstract":"Inclusions are an important parameter affecting the fatigue life of materials. In this paper, the type, size, and quantity of inclusions in bearing steel were quantitatively analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and automatic scanning electron microscopy with an X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy function. The effects of the inclusion parameters and positions on the rotating bending fatigue properties were analyzed using the rotating bending fatigue test. The results proved that for samples 1 and 2, the inclusions were mainly sulfides, Ti-containing inclusions, and their composite inclusions. For samples 3 and 4, the inclusions were mainly oxides or sulfide–oxide complexes. The number and maximum size of inclusions in sample 2 were relatively small. This was mainly due to the difference in the content of Al, S, and Ca elements in the different samples. The inclusion distance to the surface and the maximum inclusion size had a larger influence on the rotating bending fatigue life in comparison to the inclusion type. Moreover, nitride–oxides had a more detrimental effect on the rotating bending fatigue life as compared to the sulfide–oxide complex inclusions. A model was established on the basis of the inclusion size, depth, and stress by using the Python software. The simulation demonstrated that using five parameters fit well with the experiment results.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyzing Impact of Processing Parameters and Material Properties on Symmetry of Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposit Beads 分析加工参数和材料特性对线弧定向能沉积珠对称性的影响

IF 2.6 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/met14080905

Stephen Price, Kiran Judd, Matthew Gleason, Kyle Tsaknopoulos, D. Cote, Rodica Neamtu

{"title":"Analyzing Impact of Processing Parameters and Material Properties on Symmetry of Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposit Beads","authors":"Stephen Price, Kiran Judd, Matthew Gleason, Kyle Tsaknopoulos, D. Cote, Rodica Neamtu","doi":"10.3390/met14080905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080905","url":null,"abstract":"Wire arc-directed energy deposit (wire-arc DED) enables the efficient manufacturing of large-scale metal parts. Many factors can impact overall part quality during manufacturing, including processing parameters such as feed rate, travel speed, and various material properties. Previous works have sought to use machine learning to evaluate and predict these impacts, but they have primarily focused on the width and height of single-layer deposits. Building upon these studies, this work offers a novel technique to characterize and evaluate the asymmetry of deposited beads to better understand the impact these parameters have. Specifically, leveraging time-series analysis techniques, the surface profiles of beads can be compared and analyzed to identify the degree of asymmetry. Additionally, this work relates these factors to the extent to which substrates warp during the depositing of material. With a better understanding of these impacts, manufacturing processes can be optimized for improved quality and reduced waste. These findings highlight that, while material selection and processing parameters do not strongly correlate with bead asymmetry, beads are deposited with varying degrees of asymmetry, requiring further analysis to identify the source. In contrast, substrate warping is significantly influenced by the thermal properties of the materials used. Of the properties analyzed, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity were found to be most relevant to substrate warping. Additionally, while to a lesser extent, material properties of the wire were found to be similarly correlated to warping as their substrate counterparts. These insights can inform the optimization of manufacturing processes, leading to improved part quality and reduced material waste. This study also underscores the need for further research into the interplay between processing conditions and material characteristics in wire-arc DED.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Si Addition in NiCrAl Coating on Corrosion in Molten Nitrate Salt 在 NiCrAl 涂层中添加硅对熔融硝酸盐腐蚀的影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/met14080902

Thamrongsin Siripongsakul, Patchaporn Kettrakul, Noparat Kanjanaprayut, Piyorose Promdirek

{"title":"Effect of Si Addition in NiCrAl Coating on Corrosion in Molten Nitrate Salt","authors":"Thamrongsin Siripongsakul, Patchaporn Kettrakul, Noparat Kanjanaprayut, Piyorose Promdirek","doi":"10.3390/met14080902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080902","url":null,"abstract":"The materials used in concentrating solar power (CSP) systems are becoming of interest because of the high energy efficiency of energy storage. Molten salts can be used as both heat-storage media and heat-transfer fluid in a CSP system. In molten salts, steel alloys used in vessels and pipelines are highly vulnerable to hot corrosion. To protect steel alloys, applying a coating is an excellent strategy to extend the life of the alloy. NiCrAl coatings are well-suited for high-temperature environments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the corrosion behavior of NiCrAl with Si addition coatings on AISI304 in molten salt. NiCrAl coatings with and without Si addition were deposited using the high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) technique. The corrosion test was performed using an immersion test in modified solar salt with 0.5% NaCl at 400–600 °C. Gravimetric methods evaluate the weight change for immersion tests. At 400 °C, an increased amount of weight gain due to the oxidation reaction and molten salt infiltration was observed. At 600 °C, the corrosion reaction was more dominant, and apparent oxidation was decreased; however, oxidation products NiO and sodium aluminum silicate were detected. Si addition supports the formation of the protective oxide sodium aluminum silicate, which inhibits molten salt oxidation reaction and molten salt infiltration.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic Effect of Phase Transformation and Stress-Induced Twinning on the Antibacterial Property and Elastic Modulus of Ti-13Nb-13Zr-7Ag 相变和应力诱导扭转对 Ti-13Nb-13Zr-7Ag 抗菌性能和弹性模量的协同效应

IF 2.6 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/met14080901

Diangeng Cai, Jiayu Wang, Lei Yang, Xiaocen Xu, Erlin Zhang

引用次数: 0

Formation of Metastable Solid Solutions in Bi-Ge Films during Low-Temperature Treatment 在低温处理过程中在双锗薄膜中形成可迁移固溶体

IF 2.6 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/met14080900

Sergiy Bogatyrenko, Pavlo Kryshtal, Adam Gruszczyński, A. Kryshtal

{"title":"Formation of Metastable Solid Solutions in Bi-Ge Films during Low-Temperature Treatment","authors":"Sergiy Bogatyrenko, Pavlo Kryshtal, Adam Gruszczyński, A. Kryshtal","doi":"10.3390/met14080900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080900","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the mechanism and kinetics of the formation of metastable BiGe solid phases during the amorphous-to-crystalline transformation of Ge films in contact with Bi. Ge/Bi/Ge sandwich films with a Bi film between amorphous Ge films, which were fabricated by sequential deposition of the components in a vacuum, were used in this study. The total thickness and composition of the sandwich films varied in the range from 30 to 400 nm and from 22 to 48 wt% Bi, respectively. Electron diffraction, high-resolution (S)TEM imaging, EDX, and EEL spectroscopy were used for in situ and ex situ characterization of the morphology, composition, and structure of Ge/Bi/Ge films in the temperature range of 20–271 °C. We proved the formation of polycrystalline Ge films containing up to 28 wt% Bi during low-temperature treatment. The interaction process was activated at ≈150 °C, resulting in the crystallization of Ge with the simultaneous formation of a quasi-homogeneous supersaturated solid solution throughout the entire volume of the film at ≈210 °C. We showed that the formation of crystalline Ge films with an extended solid solubility of Bi depended mostly on the overall composition of the tri-layer film. The role of metal-induced crystallization of the amorphous germanium in the formation of the supersaturated solid phases is discussed.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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