IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/met14090981

Jialie Liu, Junjie Xu, Chuntao Ge, Jie Pang, Weiliang Jin, Geir Martin Haarberg, Saijun Xiao

{"title":"Stability Investigation of TiB2 Coatings in Molten Zinc Fabricated by Electrophoretic Deposition in Molten Salts","authors":"Jialie Liu, Junjie Xu, Chuntao Ge, Jie Pang, Weiliang Jin, Geir Martin Haarberg, Saijun Xiao","doi":"10.3390/met14090981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090981","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the anticorrosion properties of molybdenum metal in liquid zinc, this study successfully fabricated TiB2 coatings on molybdenum substrates via the molten salt electrophoretic deposition technique and investigated their corrosion resistance in molten zinc. Initially, TiB2 nanoparticles with a size ranging from 50 to 150 nm were synthesized using the borothermal reduction method in a molten NaF-AlF3 bath at 1238 K. Subsequently, the electrophoretic deposition experiment was conducted under a cell voltage of 1.2 V (i.e., 0.6 V/cm) for a duration of 1 h in the melt containing TiB2 nanoparticles, resulting in a uniform, continuous, and compact TiB2 coating (35 μm thick) on the molybdenum substrate. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of the TiB2-coated molybdenum metal to molten zinc was tested through continuous immersion. After 120 h of immersion, the TiB2 coating showed no signs of cracking or peeling off, successfully protecting the molybdenum metal substrate from corrosion by molten zinc. The results confirm that the molten salt electrophoretic deposition technique can be used to prepare TiB2 coatings with good resistance to molten zinc corrosion on molybdenum metal.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical, Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Cu-Based Composites Reinforced with Zirconium Diboride Consolidated by SPS 用二硼化锆增强的铜基复合材料的机械、腐蚀和磨损特性

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3390/met14090974

Iwona Sulima, Michał Stępień, Paweł Hyjek, Sonia Boczkal, Remigiusz Kowalik

{"title":"Mechanical, Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Cu-Based Composites Reinforced with Zirconium Diboride Consolidated by SPS","authors":"Iwona Sulima, Michał Stępień, Paweł Hyjek, Sonia Boczkal, Remigiusz Kowalik","doi":"10.3390/met14090974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090974","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the physical, mechanical, corrosion, and tribological properties of Cu-based composites with varying zirconium diboride content. The composites were successfully consolidated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) at temperatures of 850 °C and 950 °C and a pressure of 35 MPa. The effect of the ZrB2 content and the sintering temperature on the properties of the Cu-based composites was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction were used to analyse microstructure evolution in copper matrix composites. Microhardness tests were used to evaluate mechanical properties. Wear behaviour was evaluated using a ball-on-disc method. Corrosion properties were estimated on electrochemical tests, such as potentiodynamic polarisation. The results demonstrated an enhancement in the density and porosity of the composites as the sintering temperature increased. A uniform dispersion of ZrB2 was observed in the copper matrix for all composites. With an increase in the content of the ZrB2 reinforcement phase, there was an increase in microhardness and an improvement in the wear resistance of the sintered composites. A reduction in densification and corrosion resistance of Cu-based composites was observed with increasing ZrB2 content.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnetic Indicator for Evaluating Cu Clustering and Hardening Effect in RPV Model Alloy 用于评估 RPV 模型合金中铜簇和硬化效应的磁性指示器

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3390/met14090973

Wenqing Jia, Qiwei Quan, Wangjie Qian, Chuang Bian, Chaoliang Xu, Jian Yin, Bin Li, Yuanfei Li, Minyu Fan, Xiangbing Liu, Haitao Wang

{"title":"Magnetic Indicator for Evaluating Cu Clustering and Hardening Effect in RPV Model Alloy","authors":"Wenqing Jia, Qiwei Quan, Wangjie Qian, Chuang Bian, Chaoliang Xu, Jian Yin, Bin Li, Yuanfei Li, Minyu Fan, Xiangbing Liu, Haitao Wang","doi":"10.3390/met14090973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090973","url":null,"abstract":"The reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is a critical barrier in nuclear power plants, but its embrittlement during service poses a significant safety challenge. This study investigated the effects of Cu-enriched clusters on the mechanical and magnetic properties of Fe-0.9 wt.%Cu model alloys through thermal aging. Using Vickers hardness tests, Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) detection, and Atom Probe Tomography (APT), the study aimed to establish a quantitative correlation between MBN signals, Vickers hardness, and Cu-enriched clusters, facilitating the non-destructive testing of RPV embrittlement. Experimental results showed that the hardness and MBN parameters (RMS and Vpp values) changed significantly with aging time. The hardness increased rapidly in the early stage (under-aged), followed by a plateau and then a decreasing trend (over-aged). In contrast, MBN parameters decreased initially and then increased. APT analysis revealed that Cu-enriched clusters increase in size to 4.60 nm and coalesced during aging, with their number density peaking to 3.76 × 1023 m−3 before declining. An inverse linear correlation was found between MBN signals and the combined factor Nd2Rg (product of the number density squared and the mean radius of Cu-enriched clusters). This correlation was consistent across both under-aged and over-aged states, suggesting that MBN signals can serve as applicable indicators for the non-destructive evaluation of RPV steel embrittlement.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Ti and S Content on the Properties and Machinability of Low-Carbon Ferritic–Pearlitic Steel Ti 和 S 含量对低碳铁素体-珠光体钢性能和加工性的影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3390/met14090977

Boštjan Arh, Franc Tehovnik, Franci Vode, Bojan Podgornik

{"title":"Effect of Ti and S Content on the Properties and Machinability of Low-Carbon Ferritic–Pearlitic Steel","authors":"Boštjan Arh, Franc Tehovnik, Franci Vode, Bojan Podgornik","doi":"10.3390/met14090977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090977","url":null,"abstract":"This research was focused on the effect of Ti and S content on the formation of non-metallic inclusions and their influence on the mechanical properties and machinability of low-carbon ferritic–pearlitic steels. An analysis and classification of the non-metallic inclusions were carried out. The tensile strength and impact toughness were determined from samples taken in the rolling direction. Machinability investigations were carried out on a CNC turning machine and by analyzing the surface roughness. TiO-TiN inclusions are present in steels with an increased Ti content. In these steels, the hardness, tensile strength, and cutting forces increase with a higher proportion of Ti. In the second group of steels with increased contents of S, Al, and Ca, MnS and CaO-Al2O3-MnS non-metallic inclusions are formed. As the S content increases, the tensile strength and cutting forces decrease, while the impact toughness increases. In steels with added Ti, the machining is more difficult, but a finer surface is achieved after turning, while a higher S content results in an increased fraction of softer sulfide inclusions, which reduce the cutting forces but also result in a reduced surface quality.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Studies of the Properties of Copper Components: Conventional vs. Additive Manufacturing Technologies 铜部件性能的比较研究：传统制造技术与增材制造技术

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3390/met14090975

Witold Malec, Joanna Kulasa, Anna Brudny, Anna Hury, Bartlomiej Adamczyk, Ryszard Rzepecki, Robert Sekula, Grzegorz Kmita, Andrzej Rybak

{"title":"Comparative Studies of the Properties of Copper Components: Conventional vs. Additive Manufacturing Technologies","authors":"Witold Malec, Joanna Kulasa, Anna Brudny, Anna Hury, Bartlomiej Adamczyk, Ryszard Rzepecki, Robert Sekula, Grzegorz Kmita, Andrzej Rybak","doi":"10.3390/met14090975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090975","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a comparative analysis of the crucial physical properties of electrically conductive components made of pure copper, produced by various additive manufacturing technologies such as binder jetting (BJ) and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). The comparison concerned the assessment of critical parameters important from the application point of view, such as: electrical conductivity, hardness, yield point, microstructure and the occurrence of internal material defects. Same-sized components made in a conventional casting and subtractive method (machining) were used as a reference material. Comprehensive tests and the comparison of a wide range of parameters allowed us to determine that among the selected methods, printing using the DMLS technique allowed for obtaining arcing contact with mechanical and electrical parameters very similar to the reference element. Therefore, the obtained results showed the possibility of using the copper elements made by additive manufacturing for the switching and protection devices used in electrification and energy distribution industrial sectors.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First-Principle Study on Tailoring the Martensitic Transformation of B2 Nb50−xTixRu50 Shape-Memory Alloy for Structural Applications 关于调整 B2 Nb50-xTixRu50 形记忆合金马氏体转变以实现结构应用的初步原理研究

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3390/met14090976

Duduzile Nkomo, Yu-Nien Shen, Roelf Mostert, Yoko Yamabe-Mitarai, Maje Phasha

{"title":"First-Principle Study on Tailoring the Martensitic Transformation of B2 Nb50−xTixRu50 Shape-Memory Alloy for Structural Applications","authors":"Duduzile Nkomo, Yu-Nien Shen, Roelf Mostert, Yoko Yamabe-Mitarai, Maje Phasha","doi":"10.3390/met14090976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090976","url":null,"abstract":"NbRu has a potential as a high-temperature shape-memory alloy (HTSMA) because it has a martensitic transformation temperature above 1000 °C. However, its shape-memory properties could be improved for consideration in the aerospace and automotive industry. The unsatisfactory shape-memory properties could be associated with the presence of a brittle tetragonal L10 martensitic phase. Therefore, in an attempt to modify the transformation path from B2→L10 in preference of either B2→orthorhombic or B2→monoclinic (MCL), an addition of B2 phase stabiliser, titanium (Ti), has been considered in this study to partially substitute niobium (Nb) atoms. The ab initio calculations have been conducted to investigate the effect of Ti addition on the thermodynamic, elastic, and electronic properties of the Nb50−xTixRu50 in B2 and L10 phases. The results showed that the B2 and L10 phases had comparable stability with increasing Ti content. The simulated data presented here was sufficient for the selection of suitable compositions that would allow the L10 phase to be engineered out. The said composition was identified within 15–30 at.% Ti. These compositions have a potential to be considered when designing alloys for structural application at high temperatures above 200 °C.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Full Density Powder Metallurgical Cold Work Tool Steel through Nitrogen Sintering and Capsule-Free Hot Isostatic Pressing 通过氮气烧结和无胶囊热等静压工艺生产全密度粉末冶金冷作工具钢

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.3390/met14080914

Anok Babu Nagaram, Giulio Maistro, Erik Adolfsson, Yu Cao, Eduard Hryha, Lars Nyborg

{"title":"Full Density Powder Metallurgical Cold Work Tool Steel through Nitrogen Sintering and Capsule-Free Hot Isostatic Pressing","authors":"Anok Babu Nagaram, Giulio Maistro, Erik Adolfsson, Yu Cao, Eduard Hryha, Lars Nyborg","doi":"10.3390/met14080914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080914","url":null,"abstract":"Vanadis 4E (V4E) is a powder metallurgical cold work tool steel predominantly used in application with demand for wear resistance, high hardness, and toughness. It is of interest to have a processing route that enables full density starting from clean gas-atomized powder allowing component shaping capabilities. This study presents a process involving freeze granulation of powder to facilitate compaction by means of cold isostatic pressing, followed by sintering to allow for capsule-free hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and subsequent heat treatments of fully densified specimens. The sintering stage has been studied in particular, and it is shown how sintering in pure nitrogen at 1150 °C results in predominantly closed porosity, while sintering at 1200 °C gives near full density. Microstructural investigation shows that vanadium-rich carbonitride (MX) is formed as a result of the nitrogen uptake during sintering, with coarser appearance for the higher temperature. Nearly complete densification, approximately 7.80 ± 0.01 g/cm3, was achieved after sintering at 1200 °C, and after sintering at 1150 °C, followed by capsule-free HIP, hardening, and tempering. Irrespective of processing once the MX is formed, the nitrogen is locked into this phase and the austenite is stabilised, which means any tempering tends to result in a mixture of austenite and tempered martensite, the former being predominate during the sequential tempering, whereas martensite formation during cooling from austenitization temperatures becomes limited.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Study of Heat Transfer Simulation and Effects of Different Scrap Steel Preheating Methods 不同废钢预热方法的传热模拟和效果对比研究

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.3390/met14080913

Pengcheng Xiao, Yuxin Jin, Liguang Zhu, Chao Wang, Rong Zhu

{"title":"Comparative Study of Heat Transfer Simulation and Effects of Different Scrap Steel Preheating Methods","authors":"Pengcheng Xiao, Yuxin Jin, Liguang Zhu, Chao Wang, Rong Zhu","doi":"10.3390/met14080913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080913","url":null,"abstract":"The materials charged into a converter comprise molten iron and scrap steel. Adjusting the ratio by increasing scrap steel and decreasing molten iron is a steelmaking raw material strategy designed specifically for China’s unique circumstances, with the goal of lowering carbon emissions. To maintain the converter tapping temperature, scrap must be preheated to provide additional heat. Current scrap preheating predominantly utilizes horizontal tunnel furnaces, resulting in high energy consumption and low efficiency. To address these issues, a three-stage shaft furnace for scrap preheating was designed, and Fluent software was used to compare and study the preheating efficiency of the new three-stage furnace against the traditional horizontal furnace under various operational conditions. Initially, a three-dimensional transient multi-field coupling model was developed for two scrap preheating scenarios, examining the effects of both furnaces on scrap surface and core temperatures across varying preheating durations and gas velocities. Simulation results indicate that, under identical gas heat consumption conditions, scrap achieves markedly higher final temperatures in the shaft furnace compared to the horizontal furnace, with scrap surface and core temperatures increasing notably with extended preheating times and higher gas velocities, albeit with a gradual decrease in heating rate as the scrap temperature rises. At a gas velocity of 9 m/s and a preheating time of 600 s, the shaft furnace achieves the highest waste heat utilization rate for scrap, with scrap averaging 325 Â°C higher than in the horizontal furnace, absorbing an additional 202 MJ of heat per ton. In the horizontal preheating furnace, scrap steel exhibits a heat absorption efficiency of 35%, whereas in the vertical furnace, this efficiency increases notably to 63%. In the vertical furnace, the waste heat recovery rate of scrap steel reaches 57%.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Longitudinal Cracking and Mold Flux Optimization in High-Speed Continuous Casting of Hyper-Peritectic Steel Thin Slabs 超建筑钢薄板高速连铸中的纵向裂纹分析和模具助熔剂优化

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI: 10.3390/met14080909

Zhipeng Yuan, Liguang Zhu, Xingjuan Wang, Kaixuan Zhang

{"title":"Analysis of Longitudinal Cracking and Mold Flux Optimization in High-Speed Continuous Casting of Hyper-Peritectic Steel Thin Slabs","authors":"Zhipeng Yuan, Liguang Zhu, Xingjuan Wang, Kaixuan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/met14080909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080909","url":null,"abstract":"Longitudinal crack defects are a frequent occurrence on the surface of thin slabs during the high-speed continuous casting process. Therefore, this study undertakes a detailed analysis of the solidification characteristics of hyper-peritectic steel thin slabs. By establishing a three-dimensional heat transfer numerical model of the thin slab, the formation mechanism of longitudinal cracks caused by uneven growth of the initial shell is determined. Based on the mechanism of longitudinal crack formation, by adjusting the performance parameters of the mold flux, the contradiction between the heat transfer control and lubrication improvement of the mold flux is fully coordinated, further reducing the incidence of longitudinal cracks on the surface of the casting thin slab. The results show that, using the optimized mold flux, the basicity increases from 1.60 to 1.68, the F- mass fraction increases from 10.67% to 11.22%, the Na2O mass fraction increases from 4.35% to 5.28%, the Li2O mass fraction increases from 0.68% to 0.75%, and the carbon mass fraction reduces from 10.86% to 10.47%. The crystallization performance and rheological properties of the mold flux significantly improve, reducing the heat transfer performance while ensuring the lubrication ability of the molten slag. After optimizing the mold flux, a surface detection system was used to statistically analyze the longitudinal cracks on the surface of the casting thin slab. The proportion of longitudinal cracks (crack length/steel coil length, where each coil produced is about 32 m long) on the surface of the thin slab decreases from 0.056% to 0.031%, and the surface quality of the thin slab significantly improves.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Active and Passive Filling Stir Repairing of AISI 304 Alloy 主动和被动填充搅拌修复 AISI 304 合金

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI: 10.3390/met14080911

Vincenzo Lunetto, Dario Basile, Valentino Razza, Pasquale Russo Spena

{"title":"Active and Passive Filling Stir Repairing of AISI 304 Alloy","authors":"Vincenzo Lunetto, Dario Basile, Valentino Razza, Pasquale Russo Spena","doi":"10.3390/met14080911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080911","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates active filling friction stir repair (AF-FSR) and passive filling friction stir repair (PF-FSR) for repairing AISI 304 stainless steel sheets, focusing on addressing the challenges posed by high melting point metals. The research involved repairing overlapping 2 mm thick sheets with pre-drilled holes of 2, 4, and 6 mm diameters, simulating broken components. Various process parameters, including rotational speed, dwell time, and the use of metal fillers, were tested to evaluate their impact on repair quality. The results demonstrated that PF-FSR provided superior mechanical strength to AF-FSR, particularly for larger pre-hole diameters. PF-FSR achieved higher shear tension strength due to better defect filling and reduced void formation, with shear tension strengths exceeding 25 kN for larger pre-holes and lower variability in strength measurements. AF-FSR was less effective for larger pre-holes, resulting in significant voids and reduced strength. Microstructural analysis revealed that PF-FSR facilitated more efficient material mixing and filling, minimizing unrepaired regions. However, excessive rotational speeds and dwell times in PF-FSR led to deformation and flash formation, highlighting the need for optimal parameter selection. Although further studies are needed, this study confirms the feasibility of FSR techniques for repairing small defects in AISI 304 steels, offering valuable insights for sustainable manufacturing practices in industries such as automotive and aerospace, where efficient and reliable repair methods are critical.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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