Metals最新文献 - Book学术

Research on Process Characteristics and Properties in Deep-Penetration Variable-Polarity Tungsten Inert Gas Welding of AA7075 Aluminum Alloy AA7075 铝合金深穿透变极性钨极惰性气体焊接的工艺特性和性能研究

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/met14091068

Zheng Peng, Ying Liang, Hongbing Liu, Fei Wang, Jin Yang, Yanbo Song

{"title":"Research on Process Characteristics and Properties in Deep-Penetration Variable-Polarity Tungsten Inert Gas Welding of AA7075 Aluminum Alloy","authors":"Zheng Peng, Ying Liang, Hongbing Liu, Fei Wang, Jin Yang, Yanbo Song","doi":"10.3390/met14091068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091068","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a new deep-penetration variable-polarity tungsten inert gas (DP-VPTIG) welding process, which is performed by a triple-frequency-modulated pulse, was employed in the welding fabrication of 8 mm AA7075 aluminum plates. The electric signal, arc shape, and weld pool morphology of the welding process were obtained by means of high-speed photography and an electric signal acquisition system under varying parameters of the intermediate frequency (IF) pulse current. The principle of the arc characteristics and the dynamic mechanism of the weld melting during the process are explained. In addition, the macroforming, microstructure, and microhardness of the welded joints were investigated. The results indicate that, with an intermediate frequency pulse of 750 Hz, the arc displayed a higher energy density and a more effective arc contraction, which improved weld appearance and penetration. Moreover, the impact and stirring action of the arc refined the microstructure grains of the weld center. Therefore, this new welding method is feasible for welding medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates without a groove.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Method to Recover Activation Energy: Application to Copper Oxidation 回收活化能的新方法：铜氧化的应用

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/met14091066

Dominique Barchiesi, Thomas Grosges

{"title":"New Method to Recover Activation Energy: Application to Copper Oxidation","authors":"Dominique Barchiesi, Thomas Grosges","doi":"10.3390/met14091066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091066","url":null,"abstract":"The calculation of the activation energy helps to understand and to identify the underlying phenomenon of oxidation. We propose a new method without any a priori hypothesis on the oxidation law, to retrieve the activation energy of partially and totally oxidized samples subject to successive annealing. The method handles the uncertainties on the measurement of metal and oxide thicknesses, at the beginning and at the end of the annealing process. The possible change in oxidation law during annealing is included in the model. By using an adapted Particle Swarm Optimization method to solve the inverse problem, we also calculate the time of final oxidation during the last annealing. We apply the method to successive annealings of three samples with initial nanometric layers of copper, at ambient pressure, in the open air. One, two and three successive laws are recovered from experimental data. We found activation energy values about 105–108 kJ mol−1 at the beginning of the oxidation, 76–87 kJ mol−1 at the second step, and finally 47–59 kJ mol−1 in a third step. We also show that the time evolution of copper and oxide thicknesses can also be retrieved with their uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological Characteristics of W/Cu Composite Nanoparticles with Complex Phase Structure Synthesized via Reactive Radio Frequency (RF) Thermal Plasma 通过反应射频（RF）热等离子体合成的具有复杂相结构的 W/Cu 复合纳米粒子的形态特征

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/met14091070

Chulwoong Han, Song-Yi Kim, Soobin Kim, Ji-Woon Lee

{"title":"Morphological Characteristics of W/Cu Composite Nanoparticles with Complex Phase Structure Synthesized via Reactive Radio Frequency (RF) Thermal Plasma","authors":"Chulwoong Han, Song-Yi Kim, Soobin Kim, Ji-Woon Lee","doi":"10.3390/met14091070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091070","url":null,"abstract":"The W/Cu binary system is characterized by its mutual insolubility and excellent wettability, making W/Cu composite materials ideal for managing thermal and electrical properties in electronic components. To optimize material properties, control over the microstructure is crucial, and nanocomposites with uniform dispersion offer significant advantages. In this study, W/Cu composite nanoparticles were synthesized by feeding a blended feedstock of tungsten trioxide (WO3) micro-powder and cupric oxide (CuO) micro-powder into a reactive radio frequency (RF) argon–hydrogen thermal plasma system. Cu-coated W nanocomposite particles were obtained through the vaporization, reduction, and condensation processes. The resulting nanocomposite particles were composed of body-centered cubic (BCC) α-W, A15 β-W, and face-centered cubic (FCC) Cu phases, with a chemical composition closely matching theoretical calculations. The phase evolution and morphological changes of the synthesized particles were analyzed as a function of heat treatment temperatures up to 1000 °C in a reducing atmosphere. Up to 600 °C, the phase composition and morphology remained stable. At 800 °C, localized diffusion and coalescence of Cu led to the formation of particulate Cu, and a significant phase transformation from metastable β-W to α-W was observed. Additionally, extensive Cu segregation due to long-range diffusion resulted in distinct Cu-rich and Cu-depleted regions. In these regions, notable sintering of W particles and the complete disappearance of β-W occurred. The results showed that the temperature-dependent redistribution of Cu plays a crucial role in the phase transformation of W and the morphology of W/Cu composite particles.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improvement of High Temperature Wear Resistance of Laser-Cladding High-Entropy Alloy Coatings: A Review 提高激光熔覆高熵合金涂层的高温耐磨性：综述

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/met14091065

Yantao Han, Hanguang Fu

{"title":"Improvement of High Temperature Wear Resistance of Laser-Cladding High-Entropy Alloy Coatings: A Review","authors":"Yantao Han, Hanguang Fu","doi":"10.3390/met14091065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091065","url":null,"abstract":"As a novel type of metal material emerging in recent years, high-entropy alloy boasts properties such as a simplified microstructure, high strength, high hardness and wear resistance. High-entropy alloys can use laser cladding to produce coatings that exhibit excellent metallurgical bonding with the substrate, thereby significantly improvement of the wear resistance of the material surface. In this paper, the research progress on improving the high-temperature wear resistance of high entropy alloy coatings (LC-HEACs) was mainly analyzed based on the effect of some added alloying elements and the presence of hard ceramic phases. Building on this foundation, the study primarily examines the impact of adding elements such as aluminum, titanium, copper, silicon, and molybdenum, along with hard ceramic particles like TiC, WC, and NbC, on the phase structure of coatings, high-temperature mechanisms, and the synergistic interactions between these elements. Additionally, it explores the potential of promising lubricating particles and introduces an innovative, highly efficient additive manufacturing technology known as extreme high-speed laser metal deposition (EHLMD). Finally, this paper summarizes the main difficulties involved in increasing the high-temperature wear resistance of LC-HEACs and some problems worthy of attention in the future development.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alternatives to Reduce Hot Cracking Susceptibility of IN718 Casting Alloy Laser Beam Welds with a Mushroom Shape 降低蘑菇形 IN718 铸造合金激光束焊缝热裂纹敏感性的替代方法

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/met14091067

Leire García-Sesma, Pedro Álvarez, Eider Gorostegui-Colinas, I. Huarte, Fernando Santos

{"title":"Alternatives to Reduce Hot Cracking Susceptibility of IN718 Casting Alloy Laser Beam Welds with a Mushroom Shape","authors":"Leire García-Sesma, Pedro Álvarez, Eider Gorostegui-Colinas, I. Huarte, Fernando Santos","doi":"10.3390/met14091067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091067","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing hot cracking is essential for ensuring seamless production of nickel superalloys, which are extensively used in welded structures for aircraft engines. The prevalence of hot cracking in precipitation-strengthened alloy 718 is primarily governed by two factors: firstly, the chemical composition and the coarse microstructure formed during solidification, and secondly, the activation of hot cracking mechanisms, which is particularly critical in mushroom-shaped welding morphologies. In this study, different nickel-based superalloys welded using laser beam welding (LBW), more specifically bead on plate welding (BoP), specimens are compared. The cracking susceptibility of both wrought and two investment casting 718 alloys with tailored chemical compositions is examined through the application of both continuous and pulsed LBW. Additionally, various pre-weld treatments, including with and without Pre-HIP (hot isostatic pressing), are analyzed. The influences of chemical composition, LBW parameters and pre- and post-welding treatments on both internal and external cracks determined by conventional and advanced non-destructive tests are studied. A clear reduction of hot cracking susceptibility and overall welding quality improvement was observed in a tailored 718 alloy with relatively high Ni (55.6% wt) and Co (1.11% wt) contents.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Surface Treatment on Tensile Strength of Steel Single Lap Joints Bonded with Double-Sided Acrylic Foam Tapes for Naval Applications 表面处理对使用双面丙烯酸泡沫胶带粘接的海军用钢制单搭接接头拉伸强度的影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/met14091071

Guido Di Bella, Mohamed Chairi, Antonio Denaro, Adriano Bado

引用次数: 0

A Method of Images to Study Plate-Impact-Induced Cavitation in Aluminum through Molecular Dynamics Simulation 通过分子动力学模拟研究铝板撞击诱发空化的图像方法

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/met14091069

Yingzhen Jiang, Ziyang Ma, Haijian Chu, Huiling Duan

{"title":"A Method of Images to Study Plate-Impact-Induced Cavitation in Aluminum through Molecular Dynamics Simulation","authors":"Yingzhen Jiang, Ziyang Ma, Haijian Chu, Huiling Duan","doi":"10.3390/met14091069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091069","url":null,"abstract":"The tensile stress generated by the superposition of two reflection waves in the target plays a critical role in explaining plate-impact-induced spalling. A method of images is proposed to simulate the physical process of wave superposition and this method is applied in order to study the cavitation mechanism in single-crystal Al through molecular dynamics simulation. The critical impact-load velocity for the cavitation obtained by this method is as small as 400 m/s, which is much lower than the result (650 m/s) obtained by the conventional piston-load method. The new cavitation mechanism found is distinctively different from the conventional dislocation-entanglement-induced cavitation under high-velocity impact. The new mechanism involves two key events: firstly, a crack-like defect is formed and its relevant atomic bonds are broken under high tensile stress, resulting in a great momentum of related atoms; and secondly, previous high-momentum atoms collide with the atoms in their running way, resulting in the destruction of the original FCC structure locally and nanovoids or penny-shaped voids being formed. Additionally, the cavitation region, the number of voids, and delamination surfaces increases with the impact-load rate.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Pre-Compensation and Shape-Control Optimization of Hemming Structures with Dissimilar Materials Based on Forming Process Chain 基于成型工艺链的异种材料折边结构预补偿和形状控制优化研究

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/met14091063

Jianjun Li, Qin Sun, Jia Jia, Wenfeng Zhu

{"title":"Research on Pre-Compensation and Shape-Control Optimization of Hemming Structures with Dissimilar Materials Based on Forming Process Chain","authors":"Jianjun Li, Qin Sun, Jia Jia, Wenfeng Zhu","doi":"10.3390/met14091063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091063","url":null,"abstract":"The steel–aluminum hybrid body closure panels can achieve a more balanced and lightweight performance. However, the differences in the physical properties of metal sheets and the complex changes in the properties of the adhesive material result in cumulative deviations in the composite-forming process. This paper proposes a deformation pre-compensation modeling method for the autobody closure panels hemming system oriented towards the process chain, in response to the problem that single-process optimization cannot obtain global optimal results. Taking the car door scaled model as an example, based on surface reconstruction and node compensation, the curing deformation amount is fed back in advance to the gluing and hemming processes. The deformation deviation is corrected through geometric parameter pre-compensation to achieve overall process shape control and optimization. Research shows that this method can significantly reduce the surface differences and gaps of hemming structures with dissimilar materials, and a single iteration can reduce the assembly surface difference by more than 90%. This provides a reference for improving the manufacturing quality of steel–aluminum hybrid body closure panels.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Plasma Nitriding of Hot-rolled 17–7 PH Stainless Steel 热处理对热轧 17-7 PH 不锈钢等离子氮化的影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/met14091061

Hongchen Long, Xin Zhou, Yilong Ma, Kejian Li, Jianbing Ren

{"title":"The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Plasma Nitriding of Hot-rolled 17–7 PH Stainless Steel","authors":"Hongchen Long, Xin Zhou, Yilong Ma, Kejian Li, Jianbing Ren","doi":"10.3390/met14091061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091061","url":null,"abstract":"17–7 PH stainless steel is a highly versatile material with a multitude of applications in a diverse range of fields, including aerospace, chemistry and petrochemistry, and medicine. The material’s exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance render it the optimal selection for numerous components and instruments. Nevertheless, the surface properties of 17–7 PH stainless steel are inadequate for applications requiring high hardness and wear resistance in certain extreme environments. Due to its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, it can be utilized in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical equipment components. However, certain specialized environments still require surface nitriding treatment. Considering the complex heat treatment process required for this material, this paper reports a detailed study of the surface performance changes of 17–7 PH steel before and after ion nitriding following aging heat treatment. The study employs rolled 17–7 PH stainless steel as the subject material. The impact of heat treatment on plasma nitriding of stainless steel is investigated by comparing and analyzing the influence of martensite content and dislocation density within the martensite of the material prior to and following heat treatment on the hardness, thickness, and corrosion resistance of the nitrided layer on the surface of the steel after nitriding. The results demonstrate that 17–7 PH stainless steel, which does not undergo heat treatment, exhibits a high internal dislocation density, a high nitriding efficiency, and consequently, a high surface hardness. Following the application of a heat treatment, there is an increase in the martensite content of 17–7 PH stainless steel, a decrease in the dislocation content, and an increase in the matrix hardness.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological and Doping Effects on Electrical Conductivity of Aluminum Metal Substrate through Pulsed Electrodeposition Coating of Cu-MWCNT 脉冲电沉积铜-MWCNT 涂层对铝金属基底导电性的形态和掺杂影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/met14091060

Alberto S. Silva, Mário E. S. Sousa, Eduardo M. Braga, Marcos A. L. Reis

{"title":"Morphological and Doping Effects on Electrical Conductivity of Aluminum Metal Substrate through Pulsed Electrodeposition Coating of Cu-MWCNT","authors":"Alberto S. Silva, Mário E. S. Sousa, Eduardo M. Braga, Marcos A. L. Reis","doi":"10.3390/met14091060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091060","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for more efficient and sustainable electrical systems has driven research in the quest for innovative materials that enhance the properties of electrical conductors. This study investigated the influence of copper (Cu) coating and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on aluminum metal substrate through the pulsed electrodeposition technique. Parameters such as the concentration of chemical elements, current, voltage, temperature, time, and electrode spacing were optimized in search of improving the nanocomposite coating. The metallic substrate underwent anodization as surface preparation for coating. Characterization techniques employed included Field Emission Gun—Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) for analyzing coating morphology, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and Kelvin probe for obtaining surface electrical conductivity values. Homogeneous dispersion of the Cu-MWCNTs film coating was achieved across the entire surface of the aluminum plate, creating a complex morphology. The doping effect was highlighted by changes in the vibrational characteristics of the nanocomposite, which affected the Raman spectrum dispersion bands. An increase in surface electrical conductivity by ≈52.33% compared to the control sample was obtained. Therefore, these results indicate that the improvement in the material’s electrical properties is intrinsically related to the complex morphology achieved with the adopted Cu-MWCNT nanocomposite coating process.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0