IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/met14091062

Jelena Vesković, Milica Sentić, Antonije Onjia

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical Facies and Health Hazards of Fluoride and Nitrate in Groundwater of a Lithium Ore Deposit Basin","authors":"Jelena Vesković, Milica Sentić, Antonije Onjia","doi":"10.3390/met14091062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091062","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoride and nitrate contamination in groundwater is a global concern due to their toxicity and associated negative health effects. This study incorporated a comprehensive methodology, including hydrogeochemical analysis, drinking and irrigation water quality assessment, source apportionment, and health risk estimation of groundwater fluoride and nitrate in a lithium ore deposit basin in western Serbia. Groundwater major ion hydrogeochemistry was governed by water–rock interactions, with Ca-Mg-HCO3 identified as the predominant groundwater type. The entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and sodium percentage (%Na) revealed that 95% of the samples were of excellent to good quality for both drinking and irrigation. Moreover, the results showed that fluorides were of geogenic origin, whereas nitrates originated from agricultural activities. Although the fluoride and nitrate levels in groundwater were relatively low, averaging 1.0 mg/L and 11.1 mg/L, respectively, the results of the health risk assessment revealed that the ingestion of such groundwater can still lead to non-cancerous diseases. The threshold of one for the hazard index was exceeded in 15% and 35% of the samples for adults and children, respectively. Children were more vulnerable to non-carcinogenic risk, with fluorides being the primary contributing factor. The study outcomes can serve as a reference for other lithium-bearing ore areas and guide the management of regional groundwater resources.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the High-Temperature Deformation Behaviors in Additively Manufactured Al6061+TiC Composites via In Situ Neutron Diffraction 通过原位中子衍射了解增材制造 Al6061+TiC 复合材料的高温变形行为

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/met14091064

Minglei Qu, Dunji Yu, Lianyi Chen, Ke An, Yan Chen

{"title":"Understanding the High-Temperature Deformation Behaviors in Additively Manufactured Al6061+TiC Composites via In Situ Neutron Diffraction","authors":"Minglei Qu, Dunji Yu, Lianyi Chen, Ke An, Yan Chen","doi":"10.3390/met14091064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091064","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) are designed to enhance the performance of conventional aluminum alloys for engineering applications at both room and elevated temperatures. However, the dynamic phase-specific deformation behavior and load-sharing mechanisms of AMCs at elevated temperatures have not been extensively studied and remain unclear. Here, in situ neutron diffraction experiments are employed to reveal the phase-specific structure evolution of additively manufactured Al6061+TiC composites under compressive loading at 250 °C. It is found that the addition of a small amount of nano-size TiC significantly alters the deformation behavior and increases the strength at 250 °C in comparison to the as-printed Al6061. Unlike the two-stage behavior observed in Al6061, the Al6061+TiC composites exhibit three stages during compression triggered by changes in the interphase stress states. Further analysis of Bragg peak intensity and broadening reveals that the presence of TiC alters the dislocation activity during deformation at 250 °C by influencing dislocation slip planes and promoting dislocation accumulation. These findings provide direct experimental observations of the phase-specific dynamic process in AMCs under deformation at an elevated temperature. The revealed mechanisms provide insights for the future design and optimization of high-performance AMCs.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Heat Treatments for Structural Parts in Aluminium Alloys Produced by High-Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) 开发高压压铸 (HPDC) 铝合金结构件的热处理方法

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/met14091059

Rui Gomes, Gonçalo Soares, Rui Madureira, Rui Pedro Silva, José Silva, Rui Neto, Ana Reis, Cristina Fernandes

引用次数: 0

Investigations on the Heat Balance of the Melt Pool During PBF-LB/M Under Various Process Gases 各种工艺气体条件下 PBF-LB/M 过程中熔池热平衡的研究

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/met14091058

Siegfried Baehr, Fabian Fritz, Stefan Adami, Thomas Ammann, Nikolaus A. Adams, Michael F. Zaeh

{"title":"Investigations on the Heat Balance of the Melt Pool During PBF-LB/M Under Various Process Gases","authors":"Siegfried Baehr, Fabian Fritz, Stefan Adami, Thomas Ammann, Nikolaus A. Adams, Michael F. Zaeh","doi":"10.3390/met14091058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091058","url":null,"abstract":"During the powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M), an inert atmosphere is maintained in the build chamber to avoid reactions of the liquid metal with ambient air leading to the creation of oxides or nitrides, which alter the mechanical properties of the processed part. A continuous gas flow is guided over the process zone to remove spatters and fumes. This flow induces a convective heat transfer from the molten metal to the gas, which, depending on the level of the heat flow, may alter the melt pool dimensions by influencing the cooling rate. The present work investigated these phenomena with single-line trials, both experimentally and numerically. For this reason, a smoothed-particle hydrodynamics model was utilized to investigate the temperatures of the melt pool, cooling rates, and the integral heat balance with various gas atmospheres. In parallel, an on-axis pyrometer was set up on an experimental PBF-LB/M machine to capture the surface emissions of the melt pool. The atmosphere in the simulations and experiments was varied between argon, helium, and two mixtures thereof. The results showed a slight increase in the cooling rates with an increasing fraction of helium in the process gas. Consistently, a slight decrease in the melt pool temperatures and dimensions was found.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feature Papers in Metal Matrix Composites 金属基复合材料专题论文

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/met14091056

Manoj Gupta

引用次数: 0

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Electrochemical Performance of Aluminum Hybrid Nanocomposites Reinforced with Alumina (Al2O3) and Graphene Oxide (GO) 氧化铝 (Al2O3) 和氧化石墨烯 (GO) 增强铝混合纳米复合材料电化学性能的综合评估

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/met14091057

Muhammad Faizan Khan, Abdul Samad Mohammed, Ihsan-ul-Haq Toor

引用次数: 0

Laser Cladding Path Planning for Curved Metal Parts 曲面金属零件的激光熔覆路径规划

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/met14091055

Jinduo Liu, Zhiyong Ba, Da Shu

引用次数: 0

Study of Intergranular Corrosion Behaviors of Mn-Increased 5083 Al Alloy with Controlled Precipitation States of Al6Mn Formed during Homogenization Annealing 同质化退火过程中形成的具有 Al6Mn 受控析出态的增锰 5083 铝合金晶间腐蚀行为研究

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.3390/met14091053

Peng Zhang, Yue Wang, Pizhi Zhao, Zhengyi Jiang, Yinbao Tian, Yang Yang, Jian Han

{"title":"Study of Intergranular Corrosion Behaviors of Mn-Increased 5083 Al Alloy with Controlled Precipitation States of Al6Mn Formed during Homogenization Annealing","authors":"Peng Zhang, Yue Wang, Pizhi Zhao, Zhengyi Jiang, Yinbao Tian, Yang Yang, Jian Han","doi":"10.3390/met14091053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091053","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, as a vital part of the production of Mn-increased 5083 Al alloy, i.e., homogenization annealing before hot rolling, the target states of key Al6Mn precipitation, including the dispersed, initial coarsening and intensive coarsening states, were designed, and the corresponding precipitates formed via the control of the temperature and holding time in the annealing process. By means of metallographic corrosion and nitric acid mass loss tests (NAMLT) for assessing the intergranular corrosion (IGC) resistance, temperatures ranging from 175 °C to 225 °C were determined to induce a transition from sensitization to stabilization for this innovative 5083. At a temperature of 175 °C for a duration of up to 24 h (2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h), the results show that when the soak time is 24 h, the sample with initially coarsened Al6Mn phases has a lower degree of sensitization (DOS) compared to the samples with Al6Mn phases in both the dispersed and intensive coarsening states, and its NAMLT is reduced by 11% and 15%, respectively. Subsequently, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis has investigated that for the sample with the best IGC resistance, i.e., that with initially coarsened Al6Mn phases, plate-like Al6Mn particles (200~500 nm) can act as heterogenous nucleation sites for β phases, driving their preferential precipitation on Al6Mn particles and resisting their precipitation along grain boundaries, ultimately improving the IGC resistance of 5083 Al alloy after homogenization annealing.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the Effect of Pressure on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Impact Wear Behavior of Mn-Cr-Ni-Mo Alloyed Steel Fabricated by Squeeze Casting 压力对挤压铸造 Mn-Cr-Ni-Mo 合金钢微观结构、机械性能和冲击磨损行为的影响研究

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.3390/met14091054

Bo Qiu, Longxia Jia, Heng Yang, Zhuoyu Guo, Chuyun Jiang, Shuting Li, Biao Sun

{"title":"Study on the Effect of Pressure on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Impact Wear Behavior of Mn-Cr-Ni-Mo Alloyed Steel Fabricated by Squeeze Casting","authors":"Bo Qiu, Longxia Jia, Heng Yang, Zhuoyu Guo, Chuyun Jiang, Shuting Li, Biao Sun","doi":"10.3390/met14091054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091054","url":null,"abstract":"ZG25MnCrNiMo steel samples were prepared by squeeze casting under pressure ranging from 0 to 150 MPa. The effects of pressure on the microstructure, low-temperature toughness, hardness, and impact wear performance of the prepared steels were experimentally investigated. The experimental results indicated that the samples fabricated under pressure exhibited finer grains and a significant ferrite content compared to those produced without pressure. Furthermore, the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the sample produced at 150 MPa decreased by 45.3%, and the ferrite content increased by 39.1% in comparison to the unpressurized sample. The low-temperature impact toughness of the steel at −40 °C initially increased and then decreased as the pressure varied from 0 MPa to 150 MPa. And the toughness achieved an optimal value at a pressure of 30 MPa, which was 65.4% greater than that of gravity casting (0 MPa), while the hardness decreased by only 6.17%. With a further increase in pressure, the impact work decreased linearly while the hardness increased slightly. Impact fracture analysis revealed that the fracture of the steel produced without pressure exhibited a quasi-cleavage morphology. The samples prepared by squeeze casting under 30 MPa still exhibited a large number of fine dimples even at −40 °C, indicative of ductile fracture. In addition, the impact wear performance of the steels displayed a trend of initially decreasing and subsequently increasing across the pressure range of 0–150 MPa. The wear resistance of samples prepared without pressure and at 30 MPa was superior to that at 60 MPa, and the wear resistance deteriorated when the pressure increased to 60 MPa, after which it exhibited an upward trend as the pressure continued to rise. The wear mechanisms of the samples predominantly consisted of impact wear, adhesive wear, and minimal abrasive wear, along with notable occurrences of plastic removal, furrows, and spalling.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Discrete Clamp Motion Path Control-Based Stretch-Forming Method for Large Surfaces 基于离散夹具运动路径控制的大表面拉伸成形方法研究

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/met14091046

Zhen Yang, Qian Tang

{"title":"Research on Discrete Clamp Motion Path Control-Based Stretch-Forming Method for Large Surfaces","authors":"Zhen Yang, Qian Tang","doi":"10.3390/met14091046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091046","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a near-net discrete clamp motion path control (SF-CMPC)-based stretch-forming method is proposed as a solution for the low-cost high-quality machining of highly curved surfaces. In this approach, the clamps are discretized, the motion paths are designed to control deformation distribution and avoid forming defects, the stretch-forming transition zone can be effectively reduced, the material utilization rate can be increased, and the near-net formation of large surfaces can be achieved. To investigate this method’s feasibility, the conventional stretch-forming (SF-C) and SF-CMPC processes are numerically analyzed. The results indicate that, upon increasing the transition zone length via SF-CMPC, the maximum thickness reduction and strain value are reduced by 0.010 mm and 0.0249, respectively, with the dependence of the forming quality on the transition zone length being significantly reduced compared to SF-C. In the formation of surfaces with large curvatures, SF-CMPC’s crack risk is lower than SF-C’s crack risk, with better adaptability. Through controlling the contact process with a die, the sheet metals’ constraint state is improved, the transverse compressive strain can be effectively reduced via friction, and the wrinkling defects can be suppressed. A stretch-forming experiment was carried out on a spherical surface, using self-developed equipment. The feasibility of achieving surfaces’ near-net stretch forming by controlling the clamps’ motion paths was hereby proven.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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