IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/met14091052

Tlek Ketegenov, Kaster Kamunur, Lyazzat Mussapyrova, Aisulu Batkal, Rashid Nadirov

引用次数: 0

Efficient Phase Segmentation of Light-Optical Microscopy Images of Highly Complex Microstructures Using a Correlative Approach in Combination with Deep Learning Techniques 利用相关方法结合深度学习技术对高度复杂微结构的光学显微图像进行高效相位分割

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/met14091051

Björn-Ivo Bachmann, Martin Müller, Marie Stiefel, Dominik Britz, Thorsten Staudt, Frank Mücklich

{"title":"Efficient Phase Segmentation of Light-Optical Microscopy Images of Highly Complex Microstructures Using a Correlative Approach in Combination with Deep Learning Techniques","authors":"Björn-Ivo Bachmann, Martin Müller, Marie Stiefel, Dominik Britz, Thorsten Staudt, Frank Mücklich","doi":"10.3390/met14091051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091051","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable microstructure characterization is essential for establishing process–microstructure–property links and effective quality control. Traditional manual microstructure analysis often struggles with objectivity, reproducibility, and scalability, particularly in complex materials. Machine learning methods offer a promising alternative but are hindered by the challenge of assigning an accurate and consistent ground truth, especially for complex microstructures. This paper introduces a methodology that uses correlative microscopy—combining light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)—to create objective, reproducible pixel-by-pixel annotations for ML training. In a semi-automated manner, EBSD-based annotations are employed to generate an objective ground truth mask for training a semantic segmentation model for quantifying simple light optical micrographs. The training masks are directly derived from raw EBSD data using modern deep learning methods. By using EBSD-based annotations, which incorporate crystallographic and misorientation data, the correctness and objectivity of the training mask creation can be assured. The final approach is capable of reproducibly and objectively differentiating bainite and martensite in optical micrographs of complex quenched steels. Through the reduction in the microstructural evaluation to light optical micrographs as the simplest and most widely used method, this way of quantifying microstructures is characterized by high efficiency as well as good scalability.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Preparation and Properties of a Ni-SiO2 Superamphiphobic Coating Obtained by Electrodeposition 通过电沉积获得的 Ni-SiO2 超疏水性涂层的制备及其特性

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/met14091047

Jianguo Liu, Songlin Tong, Shuaihua Wang, Zhiyao Wan, Xiao Xing, Gan Cui

引用次数: 0

Advanced Processes in Metallurgical Technologies 冶金技术中的先进工艺

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/met14091049

Mariola Saternus, Ladislav Socha

引用次数: 0

Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Copper Matrix Composite for Brake Pads 烧结温度对制动片用铜基复合材料微观结构及机械和摩擦学性能的影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/met14091048

Yajun Zhou, Yongzhen Zhang, Xin Zhang, Jianxiu Liu, Mingxin Wang

{"title":"Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Copper Matrix Composite for Brake Pads","authors":"Yajun Zhou, Yongzhen Zhang, Xin Zhang, Jianxiu Liu, Mingxin Wang","doi":"10.3390/met14091048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091048","url":null,"abstract":"Copper-based powder metallurgy materials are frequently utilized in fabricating brake pads for high-speed trains. The preparation process involves mixing, ball milling, pressing, and sintering. Among these steps, hot-pressed sintering stands out as a rapid and efficient method that significantly influences the properties and performance of the products. In this study, four samples (S700/S750/S800/S850) were prepared using hot-pressed sintering at various temperatures, as follows: 700 °C, 750 °C, 800 °C, and 850 °C. The mechanical and physical properties of the four samples were tested, and the microstructure and compositions were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The findings highlighted the close relationship between sintering temperature and the mechanical and physical properties of the samples, as it impacts the porosity and interfacial bonding of the particles. Notably, Sample S800 demonstrated superior mechanical and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction (COF), friction heat, and wear rate of the four samples were also tested under different braking speeds ranging from 150 km/h to 350 km/h. The results indicated that the COFs of the four samples remained relatively stable below 300 km/h but decreased notably above 300 km/h due to heat fading. Sample S800 displayed consistent and high COF under varied braking speeds and exhibited the lowest wear rate. The observed wear mechanisms included abrasive wear and oxidation wear. Additionally, the friction test results underscored the close correspondence of the COF curve of S800 with the standard of the Ministry of Railways of the People’s Republic of China.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Influence of the Combined Addition of La–Ce Mixed Rare Earths and Sr on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlSi10MnMg Alloy 联合添加 La-Ce 混合稀土和 Sr 对 AlSi10MnMg 合金微观结构和力学性能的影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/met14091050

Yu Liu, Zhichao Yu, Man Zhang, Qisheng Feng, Dong Zhang, Pengyue Gao, Chonghe Li

{"title":"The Influence of the Combined Addition of La–Ce Mixed Rare Earths and Sr on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlSi10MnMg Alloy","authors":"Yu Liu, Zhichao Yu, Man Zhang, Qisheng Feng, Dong Zhang, Pengyue Gao, Chonghe Li","doi":"10.3390/met14091050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091050","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of adding La–Ce mixed rare earths and Sr on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi10MnMg alloy. The experiment utilized different combinations of modifiers, including single La–Ce rare earths, single Sr, and the combined addition of La–Ce mixed rare earths and Sr. This study compared their effects on grain refinement, the modification of the α-Al phase and eutectic silicon phase, and tensile properties and hardness. The results showed that the combined modification of Sr and mixed rare earth elements significantly refined the grains, optimized the morphology of the α-Al phase and eutectic silicon phase, and improved the overall mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy. Under the combined modification, the addition of 0.02 wt.% Sr and 0.1 wt.% RE (La–Ce mixed rare earths) exhibited the most pronounced refining effect. The secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) was reduced by 59.18%. The eutectic silicon phase transformed from coarse needle-like shapes to fine fibrous or granular forms, with an aspect ratio reduction of 69.39%. Meanwhile, the alloy’s tensile strength and hardness were significantly improved. The tensile strength increased to 240 MPa, achieving an increase of 23.08%; the yield strength increased to 111 MPa, achieving an increase of 18.09%; and the elongation reached 7.3%, achieving an increase of 73.81%. This indicates that the proper addition of Sr and mixed rare earths can significantly optimize the microstructure and enhance the mechanical properties of AlSi10MnMg alloy, providing an effective method for the preparation of high-performance heat-treatment-free aluminum alloys.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Production of Spheroidized Micropowders of W-Ni-Fe Pseudo-Alloy Using Plasma Technology 利用等离子体技术生产 W-Ni-Fe 伪合金球状微粉

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/met14091043

Andrey Samokhin, Nikolay Alekseev, Aleksey Dorofeev, Andrey Fadeev, Mikhail Sinaiskiy

{"title":"Production of Spheroidized Micropowders of W-Ni-Fe Pseudo-Alloy Using Plasma Technology","authors":"Andrey Samokhin, Nikolay Alekseev, Aleksey Dorofeev, Andrey Fadeev, Mikhail Sinaiskiy","doi":"10.3390/met14091043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091043","url":null,"abstract":"The process of obtaining powders from the 5–50 μm fraction of a W-Ni-Fe system consisting of particles with predominantly spherical shapes was investigated. Experimental studies on the plasma–chemical synthesis of a nanopowder composed of WNiFe-90 were carried out in a plasma reactor with a confined jet flow. A mixture of tungsten trioxide, nickel oxide, and iron oxide powders interacted with a flow of hydrogen-containing plasma generated in an electric-arc plasma torch. The parameters of the spray-drying process and the composition of a suspension consisting of WNiFe-90 nanoparticles were determined, which provided mechanically strong nanopowder microgranules with a rounded shape and a homogeneous internal structure that contained no cavities. The yield of the granule fraction under 50 μm was 60%. The influence of the process parameters of the plasma treatment of the nanopowder microgranules in the thermal plasma flow on the degree of spheroidization and the microstructure of the obtained particles, seen as their bulk density and fluidity, was established. It was shown that the plasma spheroidization of the microgranules of the W-Ni-Fe system promoted the formation of a submicron internal structure in the obtained spherical particles, which were characterized by an average tungsten grain size of 0.7 μm.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Achieving Superior Ductility at High Strain Rate in a 1.5 GPa Ultrahigh-Strength Steel without Obvious Transformation-Induced Plasticity Effect 在 1.5 GPa 超高强度钢中实现高应变率下的优异延展性，且无明显的变形诱导塑性效应

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/met14091042

Yao Lu, Tianxing Ma, Zhiyuan Liang, Li Liu

{"title":"Achieving Superior Ductility at High Strain Rate in a 1.5 GPa Ultrahigh-Strength Steel without Obvious Transformation-Induced Plasticity Effect","authors":"Yao Lu, Tianxing Ma, Zhiyuan Liang, Li Liu","doi":"10.3390/met14091042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091042","url":null,"abstract":"The development of ultrahigh-strength steels with good ductility is crucial for improving the crashworthiness of automobiles. In the present work, the mechanical responses and deformation behaviors of 1.5 GPa ultrahigh-strength steel were systematically investigated over a wide range of strain rates, from 10−3 s−1 to 103 s−1. The yield strength and tensile elongation at quasi-static strain rate (10−3 s−1) were 1548 MPa and 20%, respectively. The yield strength increased to 1930 MPa at an extremely high strain rate (103 s−1), and the steel maintained excellent ductility, with values as high as 17%. It was found that the prevailing of the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect at quasi-static condition resulted in the formation of fresh martensite. This produced strong hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) stress and strain partitioning, contributing to the enhancement of strain hardening. The TRIP effect is remarkably suppressed under high strain rates, and thus the retained austenite with excellent deformation ability sustains the subsequent deformation, leading to superior ductility when the TRIP effect and HDI strengthening are retarded. Ultrahigh-strength steel with great strength–ductility combination over a wide range of strain rates has great potential in improving component performance while reducing vehicle weight.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extraction of Cobalt and Manganese from Ferromanganese Crusts Using Industrial Metal Waste through Leaching 利用工业金属废料通过浸出法从锰铁结壳中提取钴和锰

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/met14091044

Kevin Pérez, Norman Toro, Pedro Robles, Felipe M. Galleguillos Madrid, Edelmira Gálvez, Francisco Javier González, Egidio Marino, Jonathan Castillo, Ingrid Jamett, Pía C. Hernández

{"title":"Extraction of Cobalt and Manganese from Ferromanganese Crusts Using Industrial Metal Waste through Leaching","authors":"Kevin Pérez, Norman Toro, Pedro Robles, Felipe M. Galleguillos Madrid, Edelmira Gálvez, Francisco Javier González, Egidio Marino, Jonathan Castillo, Ingrid Jamett, Pía C. Hernández","doi":"10.3390/met14091044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091044","url":null,"abstract":"Ferromanganese crusts are mineral resources distributed in the planet’s oceans. These deep-sea minerals stand out for their abundance and diversity of metals, with Mn and Co being the most abundant elements. These minerals are a good alternative to diversify the extraction of elements, which today are found at low grades on the Earth’s surface. For the co-processing of ferromanganese crusts to recover Co and Mn, there are few studies. These generally worked with the use of a reducing agent, and in many cases previous roasting processes. In the present investigation, two ferromanganese crusts that were collected from two seamounts in the central eastern Atlantic Ocean were characterized. Subsequently, these crusts were leached in an acid-reducing medium, adding steel waste (slag) with 99.73% Fe3O4 and 0.27% metallic iron from the steel industry as a reducing agent. Acid-reducing processes have previously been shown to yield high and rapid recoveries of Co and Mn from seabed minerals. However, there is no previous study using smelting slag as a reducing agent for the treatment of ferromanganese crusts. The best results of this research were obtained when working at 60 C, achieving joint extractions of Co and Mn of ~80% and ~40%, respectively, in 10 min. In addition, the process residues were analyzed, and the formation of contaminating elements or the precipitation of Co and Mn species was not observed.","PeriodicalId":18461,"journal":{"name":"Metals","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Printing Strategies on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Alloy 625 Using Directed Energy Deposition (DED-LB-p) 印刷策略对使用定向能沉积（DED-LB-p）快速制造合金 625 的微观结构和机械性能的影响

IF 2.9 3区材料科学

Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/met14091041

Florian Scherm, Haneen Daoud, Uwe Glatzel

引用次数: 0

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