Micro & Nano Letters最新文献

{"title":"Significance of Thermal Stratification in the Convective Heat Transfer of Non-Newtonian Fluids Over a Slender Cylinder","authors":"Sadaqat Ali, Muhammad Naveed Khan, Awatif Alhowaity, Muhammad Ashraf, Samim Sherzod","doi":"10.1049/mna2.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermal stratification is important because it naturally suppresses or enhances buoyancy-driven flow, directly controlling heat transfer efficiency in applications such as thermal energy storage, atmospheric flows, and heat exchangers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the impact of a thermally stratified medium on heat transfer that arises from the flow of non-Newtonian fluids along a slender cylinder. This is achieved by constructing an algebraic framework that reduces the flow topology of the proposed problem to a set of coupled nonlinear equations. The necessary non-dimensional scaling variables convert the formulated partial differential equations to the appropriate form for integration. The primitive form of partial differential equations is integrated. The coefficient matrix of arbitrary variables governing the flow model is computed via the Gaussian elimination technique and the computer program Laher Fortran-95. To show the results graphically, the obtained data have been uploaded to Techplot-360. The non-Newtonian behaviour index, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$n$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, thermal stratification parameter, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>S</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$S$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, and Prandtl number, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>Pr</mi>\u0000 <annotation>${mathrm{Pr}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, are main physical parameters that regulate fluid flow in terms of heat transfer rate and local skin friction. It has been noted that an increase in the thermal stratification parameter weakens the buoyancy force, thereby reducing the fluid velocity, temperature profile, and heat transfer rate. Additionally, it is also observed that a decrease in the power-law index <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$n$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> significantly affects the velocity profile, which becomes steeper near the wall for <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 <mo><</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$n < 1$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and attains higher values compared to dilatant fluids (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 <mo>></mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$n > 1$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) and Newtonian fluids (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mna2.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Transport Management in a Mixed Convective Flow on a Thermally Conducting Cone With Variable Magnetic Permeability and Joule Heating Effects","authors":"Asifa Ilyas,&nbsp;Kashaf Fatima,&nbsp;Muhmmad Naveed Khan,&nbsp;Samim Sherzod,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashraf,&nbsp;Salah Knani","doi":"10.1049/mna2.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fundamental objective of this study is to investigate the thermal transport of mixed convective flow over a thermally conducting vertical cone with combined effects of Joule heating and variable magnetic permeability. The principal novelty of this work is the incorporation of Joule heating effect into mixed convection flow over a thermally conducting cone with variable magnetic permeability, a combined consideration that has not been previously explored in this configuration. This research gap motivates an extensive investigation of the combined effects of variable magnetic permeability and Joule heating on flow and heat transfer characteristics. The governing partial differential equations are formulated into primitive variables and the steady, real and imaginary primitive components are evaluated using implicit finite difference methodology and the Gaussian elimination technique. The resulting numerical solutions provide the fluid velocity, temperature and magnetic-field profiles, which are further used to examine the oscillatory skin friction, heat transfer rate and current density for different appropriate dimensionless parameters, including the modified magnetic Prandtl number, Joule heating parameter, mixed convection parameter, magnetic force parameter and conductivity variation parameter. The results are graphically presented using FORTRAN software and display these results on Tech Plot. It was observed that the velocity and temperature distributions show a visible increase as the value of the Joule heating parameter rises and the magnetic field profile decreases with higher values of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>J</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$ J$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. Also, an increase in the Joule heating parameter enhances skin friction and magnetic transfer rates, whereas the heat transfer rates exhibit a declining response. The parametric analysis further demonstrates that magnetic diffusion plays a significant role in regulating the coupled flow and thermal characteristics of the magnetised cone.</p>","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mna2.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biocompatibility of Bletilla striata Glucomannan on Vaginal Tissues as a Potential Biopolymer for VDDS Applications","authors":"Li Wei-Ze,&nbsp;Guan Li,&nbsp;Zhao Ning,&nbsp;Yan Meng-Ru,&nbsp;Luo Guo-Ping,&nbsp;Fu Li-Na,&nbsp;Guo Wei,&nbsp;Zhai Xi-Feng,&nbsp;Yang Li-Bin","doi":"10.1049/mna2.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Bletilla striata</i> glucomannan (BSG) is a natural polysaccharide exhibiting inherent thickening, gelling and bioadhesive properties, alongside diverse pharmacological activities, making it a promising functional biopolymer for novel vaginal drug delivery systems (VDDS). However, data regarding the vaginal mucosal safety of BSG, particularly following repeated exposure, are lacking; such data represent a critical prerequisite for clinical translation. In this work, BSG was isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine <i>Bletilla striata</i> and characterised. The biopolymer exhibited a weight average molecular weight (M_w) of about 11.108 kDa, a linear molecular backbone of (1→4)-linked mannose (Man) and glucose (Glu) in a molar ratio of 2.7:1, and a moderate polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 2.54). Crucially, the molecular structure and natural origin of BSG enable it to degrade into monosaccharide fragments under physiological conditions. Moreover, owing to its inherent anti-inflammatory effects, BSG did not elicit immunogenicity or inflammatory responses in vaginal mucosal tissues. Furthermore, the BSG demonstrated excellent hemocompatibility and no cytotoxicity to vaginal epithelial cells; conversely, it promoted cell proliferation and protected cells from damage. This work provides the first toxicological basis for BSG as a biodegradable, short‑term locally tolerable biopolymer, filling a previously unaddressed safety gap for BSG‑based VDDS applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mna2.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Sensitivity Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor Based on the Synergistic Effect of Electrical Conductivity and Microstructure","authors":"Shuo Yan,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Li,&nbsp;Shifeng Wang,&nbsp;Xing Liu,&nbsp;Xianjin Hu,&nbsp;Mengyu Liang,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Li,&nbsp;Jie Chen,&nbsp;Hao Liu","doi":"10.1049/mna2.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We developed a crumpled microstructured piezoresistive sensor based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and alkalised MXene for high-sensitivity flexible pressure detection over a wide range of 53 Pa–300 kPa. The TPU film with surface microstructures was fabricated via non-woven fabric imprinting, and NaOH treatment converted planar MXene into 3D crumpled nanosheets with fewer surface ─F groups to strengthen TPU–MXene interfacial bonding. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of surface microstructures and crumpled conductive MXene, the sensor delivers segmented sensitivities of 4.14 kPa⁻¹ (53 Pa–21 kPa) and 2.2 kPa⁻¹ (21–63 kPa). It features a rapid 75 ms response time, 80 ms recovery time, tiny loading-unloading hysteresis and stable sensing performance after 6000 compression cycles. Structural and chemical characterisations verify the optimised composite structure and pressure-responsive conductive pathway evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mna2.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Nanoelectronics: Integrating AI and ML in Materials Design and Nanoscale Device Optimisation","authors":"Yashu Swami","doi":"10.1049/mna2.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The continued miniaturisation and increasing complexity of nanoelectronic systems pose challenges for materials discovery and device optimisation. Conventional physics-based and experimental approaches often struggle with large design spaces, nonlinear behaviour, and data-intensive nanoscale effects. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer practical support for predictive modelling, inverse design, and real-time optimisation.</p><p>This work examines the role of AI/ML across nanoelectronics, including material property prediction, generative discovery, synthesis optimisation, and surrogate-assisted quantum simulation. Case studies in nano-biosensors, neuromorphic systems, and energy-efficient devices highlight recent progress. Key limitations—such as data scarcity, limited interpretability, and integration with fabrication—are also discussed. The paper outlines a forward perspective in which AI-assisted nanoelectronics enables more adaptive, efficient, and application-driven technologies across healthcare, computing, and sustainable systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mna2.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Optically Controlled Voltage Variable Waveguide Attenuator From 35–50 GHz","authors":"Yichang Yan,&nbsp;Jiaqi Yang,&nbsp;Martin Cryan","doi":"10.1049/mna2.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work presents a fibre-free, fully integrated tuneable absorptive variable waveguide attenuator at U-band (35–50 GHz). The device utilizes photo-generated solid-state plasma (SSP) within a 250 µm high-resistivity silicon (Si) vane to control microwave signal amplitude. To minimize parasitic reflection and insertion loss, a 5 mm tapered geometry is implemented, providing superior impedance matching compared to rectangular vanes. Measurement results demonstrate that the tapered design achieves a minimum insertion loss of 0.12 dB at 37 GHz and maintains a return loss consistently higher than 17.3 dB in ON-state (light-off). By employing a symmetric dual-side illumination scheme with packaged laser diodes, a peak isolation of 13.2 dB is achieved at 50 GHz, representing a 32.3% improvement over single-side excitation. The attenuator remains absorptive across the entire band with a return loss exceeding 9 dB in OFF-state (light-on). This approach eliminates the need for complex photolithography and fibre-optic coupling, offering a cost-effective and fast-switching solution for integrated millimetre-wave communication and radar systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mna2.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo-Assisted Transfection for Plant Protoplasts Using a Tiny Integrated Microchip Laser","authors":"M. Ridho Priyo Jatmiko,&nbsp;Naomi Tanga,&nbsp;Kazunori Okano,&nbsp;Koichiro Kishima,&nbsp;Arvydas Kausas,&nbsp;Yuji Sano,&nbsp;Takunori Taira,&nbsp;Yoichiroh Hosokawa","doi":"10.1049/mna2.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photo-assisted transfection is a method to physically inject genes into cells and induce their expression using short-pulsed lasers. However, its application to plant cells has been limited because the cell wall and turgor pressure prevent the injection. In this study, we performed the transfection on plant protoplasts under controlled turgor pressure. In particular, as the light source for the transfection, we employed an intense picosecond microchip laser. This centimetre-sized laser provides a compact, robust, and simple platform accessible to biological laboratories. When laser pulses are focused into the medium near the targeted cells, cavitation bubbles are generated through explosive evaporation induced by the pulse. We demonstrated that the impact of the bubbles allowed photo-assisted transfection into tobacco BY-2 protoplasts and induced expression of the <i>enhanced green fluorescent protein</i> plasmid. When laser pulses with an energy of 2.5 µJ were scanned at a speed of 100 µm/s and an interval of 0.2 mm, a maximum molecular delivery efficiency of 7.2% was achieved for the introduction of fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran into the cytoplasm. Based on this result, the gene expression efficiency was estimated to be ∼5% among plasmid-delivered protoplasts. Our results highlight the potential of this approach as a feasible method for the transfection of plant cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mna2.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Contact-Mode Interface Strategy for Improving the Piezoelectric Performance of ZnO Nanowire-Based Vertically Integrated Nanogenerators","authors":"Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Dexiang Zhang,&nbsp;Graham S. Wood,&nbsp;Rasool Akhtar Alias Osama,&nbsp;Camelia Dunare,&nbsp;Peter Lomax,&nbsp;Rebecca Cheung","doi":"10.1049/mna2.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A contact-mode interface strategy is proposed to improve the piezoelectric performance of ZnO nanowire (NW)-based vertically integrated nanogenerator (VING). In conventional full-coverage mode, direct spin-coating of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) onto ZnO NW arrays often leads to polymer infiltration, nonuniform surface morphology, and inefficient stress transfer, all of which reduce output performance. In this work, PMMA was first spin-coated onto an Al foil and then laminated onto the ZnO NWs, forming a controlled contact interface that also served as the top electrode. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to investigate the effects of ZnO NW aspect ratio, PMMA thickness, and interface configuration on piezoelectric output, followed by device fabrication and experimental characterisation under compressive loading. The results show that interface configuration and ZnO NW aspect ratio have a much greater impact on device performance than PMMA thickness. Among the tested devices, the contact-mode device based on 40 mM ZnO NWs and 1 µm PMMA delivered the best overall performance, achieving a power density of 220 µW/cm³. This study demonstrates that contact-mode interface is an effective approach for enhancing ZnO NWs-based VING and highlights their potential for self-powered flexible and wearable electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mna2.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of MgFe2O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Mimidium laevigatum Extract for Efficient Malachite Green Removal","authors":"Mahsa Shojaei Yeganeh,&nbsp;Ali Reza Kazemizadeh,&nbsp;Ali Ramazani,&nbsp;Hossein Rabbi Angourani,&nbsp;Parvin Eskandari","doi":"10.1049/mna2.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>MgFe₂O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesised using <i>Minidium leavigatum</i> extract and requisite salts through an eco-friendly procedure. This method offers several advantages, including non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, scalability, reduced synthesis time and an environmentally sustainable approach to producing MgFe₂O₄ MNPs without the use of toxic chemicals. The MNPs were characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, zeta potential analysis and evaluation of pH effects on adsorption. XRD analysis revealed a crystallite size of approximately 11 nm with a cubic spinel structure and no impurity phases. The BET surface area of the MgFe₂O₄ MNPs was measured at 206.34 m²/g. The MNPs exhibited superparamagnetic properties with a specific saturation magnetisation of 13.22 emu/g, facilitating easy recycling and reuse. The MNPs were employed as a green nanoadsorbent for removing malachite green from aqueous solutions, achieving approximately 95% removal after 60 min (40 mg of adsorbent and 100 ppm of malachite green). The MNPs exhibited robust recyclability over five cycles with minimal efficiency loss, leveraging their magnetic separability. The Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Redlich-Peterson and Hill isotherm models were employed to determine the adsorbent's capacity. The nonlinear Redlich-Peterson, and nonlinear Hill demonstrated better compatibility than the others for malachite green adsorption onto MgFe₂O₄ MNP. The <i>pseudo</i>-1st-order, <i>pseudo</i>-2nd-order and intraparticle diffusion, Boyd, and Elovich models were utilised to assess the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption kinetics model conformed a <i>pseudo-</i>2nd-order kinetic model (<i>q</i>_e = 114.9425 (mg/g), <i>k</i>₂ = 0.2508 (g/mg.min). Thermodynamic studies for malachite green adsorption onto MgFe₂O₄ MNPs revealed that the adsorption is an exothermic and a spontaneous process. In summary, phyto-synthesised MgFe₂O₄ MNPs integrate high surface area, superparamagnetic separability and excellent recyclability with rapid and efficient malachite green adsorption, governed by pseudo-second-order kinetics and nonlinear Redlich–Peterson/Hill isotherm models.</p>","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mna2.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Antifungal and Insecticidal Field Performance of Paulownia tomentosa–Derived Silver Nanoparticles Against Fusarium Basal Rot and Thrips in Onion","authors":"Tavga Sulaiman Rashid,&nbsp;Gona Sirwan Sharif,&nbsp;Hayman Kakakhan Awla,&nbsp;Samir Mustafa Hamad","doi":"10.1049/mna2.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant-derived nanomaterials have traditionally been recognised as green alternatives for the management of plant diseases and insect pests. The present study has been designed to evaluate the bio-efficacy of the <i>Paulownia</i> plant extract as a reducing agent for silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis in addition to its bioactivity against <i>Fusarium</i> basal rot (FBR) and onion thrips. Biosynthesised AgNPs were well-characterised by UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Although there was very little efficacy from the use of <i>Paulownia</i> extracts alone, which resulted in inhibition levels of 12.8% against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and 12.22% against thrips at 50 µg/mL, the biosynthesised AgNPs were highly active against <i>F. oxysporum</i>, exhibiting a 32.8%–100% inhibition of growth, and had an insecticidal effect that ranged up to 98%. Further, AgNPs suppressed FBR by 86.67%–88.42%, improved onion bulb quality, and significantly enhanced both bulb number and weight, 191.53 kg total, compared with untreated infected plants showing the lowest yield (76.4 kg). Thus, the present outcomes have emphasised that <i>Paulownia</i>-based AgNPs are an efficient and eco-friendly nanobiotechnological approach towards improving plant health and crop yields.</p>","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mna2.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}