Green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles via Linum usitatissimum seeds extract and assessment of its biological effects

In the current work, CeO₂-NPs were produced via a green chemistry process via Linum usitatissimum seeds extract as the stabilizing agent. The CeO₂-NPs were characterized by the results of analytical techniques such as TGA/DTA, FTIR, UV–vis, XPS, XRD, and FESEM/PSA/EDX. The outcomes of the XRD pattern affirmed the crystalline structure of this product with the suggested size of about 20 nm, while the FESEM/PSA pictures presented spherical morphology. Additionally, the XPS analysis of CeO₂-NPs affirmed the presence of a Ce⁺³ oxidation state in the sample, as well as Ce⁺⁴ as the major valence of cerium oxide. The results of the MTT test on Huh-7 cancer cells and HFF normal cells displayed the lack of any significant cytotoxicity even at concentrations up to 1000 µg/mL. Therefore, the obtained synthesized CeO₂-NPs through this green method could be suggested as a prospective agent for medical applications due to its non-toxic effects.