Materials最新文献

{"title":"Preparation and Mechanical Properties of (TiCrZrNb)C₄-SiC Multiphase High-Entropy Ceramics.","authors":"Chunmei Wen, Shuai Xu, Bingsheng Li, Shuyun Gan, Li Wang, Keyuan Chen, Yuwen Xue, Zhongqiang Fang, Fan Zhao","doi":"10.3390/ma17236024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17236024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Five carbide powders, TiC, Cr₃C₂, ZrC, NbC and SiC, were selected as raw materials and mixed by dry or wet milling. Then (TiCrZrNb)C₄-SiC multiphase ceramics were successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1900 °C, using D-HECs-1900 (dry milling method) and W-HECs-1900 (wet milling method), respectively. In this study, the effects of the ball milling method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the multiphase high-entropy ceramics were systematically investigated. Compared to D-HECs-1900, W-HECs-1900 has a more uniform elemental distribution and smaller grain size, with an average grain size of 1.8 μm, a higher Vickers hardness HV_0.1 = 2178.41 kg/mm² and a higher fracture toughness of K_IC = 4.42 MPa·m^1/2. W-HECs-1900 also shows better wear resistance with a wear rate 1.01 × 10^-8 mm³·N^-1·m^-1. The oxide friction layer formed during friction is beneficial for reducing frictional wear, making W-HECs-1900 a potential wear-resistant material.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue Crack Growth Performance of Q370qENH Weathering Bridge Steel and Butt Welds.","authors":"Yujie Yu, Xiang Zhang, Chunjian Hu, Liangkun Liu, Haibo Wang","doi":"10.3390/ma17236015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17236015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Weathering steel possesses good atmospheric corrosion resistance and is increasingly applied in highway and railway bridges. The fatigue performance of the weld joint is an important issue in bridge engineering. This study experimentally investigates the microstructural properties and fracture crack growth behaviors of a Q370qENH bridge weathering steel weld joint. The FCG parameters of the base steel, butt weld, and HAZs, considering the effect of different plate thicknesses and stress ratios, are analyzed. Microstructural features, microhardness, and fatigue fracture surfaces are carefully inspected. The FCG rates of different weld regions in the stable crack growth stage are obtained using integral formulas based on the Paris and Walker law. The test results indicate that the heating and cooling process during the welding of Q370qENH steel creates improved microstructures with refined grain sizes and fewer impurities, thus leading to improved FCG performances in the HAZ and weld regions. The crack growth rate of Q370qENH weld regions increases with the stress ratio, and the influencing extent increasingly ranks as the base steel, HAZ, and the weld. The thick plate has a slightly slower fatigue crack growth rate for the Q370qENH weld joints. The Q370qENH base steel presents the highest fatigue crack growth rate, followed by the heat-treated and HAZ cases, while the weld area exhibits the lowest FCG rate. The Paris law coefficients of different regions of Q370qENH welds are presented. The collected data serve as a valuable reference for future analyses of fatigue crack propagation problems of Q370qENH steel bridge joints.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Method for Measuring the Surface Property Parameters of Variable Charge Minerals Using Ion Selection Electrode.","authors":"Jiaqi Sun, Xinmin Liu, Hang Li, Deyuan Ma","doi":"10.3390/ma17236012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17236012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the surface property parameters of non-swelling variable charge minerals, kaolinite and goethite, were determined using the ion-selective electrode method. The effects of experimental conditions, such as pH, ion concentration ratio, and liquid addition method, on the measurement results were clarified to provide a reference for accurately assessing the surface properties of variable charge materials. The research employed ion adsorption equilibrium experiments under varying pH levels, ion concentration ratios, and liquid addition methods. A combined surface property analysis was conducted using K⁺ and Ca²⁺ as indicator ions to characterize surface parameters. The results were compared with the specific surface area obtained via the BET method to verify accuracy, thereby identifying optimal measurement conditions. The study led to the following five conclusions. (1) pH significantly affected the adsorption amount and ratio of indicator cations, thereby influencing the accuracy of surface property parameters. (2) The addition method and concentration ratio of electrolytes influenced the measurement accuracy by affecting the adsorption state and equilibrium time of the two indicator cations. (3) For kaolinite, the optimal initial pH ranged from 7.5 to 8.5 in the KOH + Ca(OH)₂ system and from 8.0 to 8.5 in the KOH + CaCl₂ system, while the equilibrium pH was 7.5 to 8.0 in both systems. The optimal ion concentration ratios were c_K:c_Ca = 2:1 and 9:1, respectively. (4) For goethite, the optimal initial and equilibrium pH values were 8.5 to 9.0 and 7.5 to 8.0, respectively, in both KOH + Ca(OH)₂ and KOH + CaCl₂ systems. The optimal ion concentration ratios were 4:1 and 20:1, respectively. (5) Through comparison, the optimal initial pH for measuring the two variable charge minerals was determined to be 8.5 ± 0.1, with the optimal equilibrium pH at 7.5 ± 0.1. However, the concentration ratios varied significantly, suggesting the need for systematic research by adjusting a series of ion concentration ratios based on the initial pH.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTED: Xu et al. Cr-Diamond/Cu Composites with High Thermal Conductivity Fabricated by Vacuum Hot Pressing. <i>Materials</i> 2024, <i>17</i>, 3711.","authors":"Qiang Xu, Xiaodie Cao, Yibo Liu, Yanjun Xu, Jiajun Wu","doi":"10.3390/ma17236013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma17236013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The journal retracts the article titled \"Cr-Diamond/Cu Composites with High Thermal Conductivity Fabricated by Vacuum Hot Pressing\" [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Alumina Oxo-Cluster/Cellulose Polymers and Dye Adsorption Application.","authors":"Henglong Tang, Simeng Yao, Zhu Long, Xuefei Yang, Pengxiang Si, Chang Sun, Dan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/ma17236023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17236023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aluminum oxide clusters (AlOCs) possess high surface areas and customizable pore structures, making them applicable in the field of environmental remediation. However, their practical use is hindered by stability issues, aggregation tendencies, and recycling challenges. This study presents an in -situ synthesis of AlOCs on cellulose using a solvent thermal method. The resulting adsorbent's structural and property profiles were thoroughly characterized using multiple analytical techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to assess the adsorbent's capacity and kinetics in removing selected dyes from aqueous solutions. Additionally, both real-environment simulation and regeneration experiments have been conducted to thoroughly assess the adsorbent's reliability, stability, and practical applicability. The aim was to engineer an effective and recyclable adsorbent specifically tailored for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Efficient Strength Evaluation Method Based on Shell-Fastener Model for Large Hybrid Joint Structures of C/SiC Composites.","authors":"Maoqing Fu, Jiapeng Chen, Ben Wang, Biao Wang","doi":"10.3390/ma17236008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17236008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>C/SiC composites are widely used in aerospace thermal structures. Due to the high manufacturing complexity and cost of C/SiC composites, numerous hybrid joints are required to replace large and complex components. The intricate contact behavior within these hybrid joints reduces the computational efficiency of damage analysis methods based on solid models, limiting their effectiveness in large-scale structural design. According to the structure characteristic, a fractal contact stiffness model considering bonded behaviors is established in this paper. By introducing this model, it is proved that the bonded layer can affect the interface strength between plates but not the bearing strength of the specimen for the bolt/bonded hybrid joint structure. Furthermore, by introducing the strength envelope method, this paper overcomes the problem wherein the shell-fastener model cannot accurately describe the complex stress field. Validation through experimental comparison confirms that this approach can accurately predict both the failure mode and strength of multi-row hybrid joint structures in C/SiC composites at a detailed level with an error of 5.4%, including the shear failure of bolts. This method offers a robust foundation for the design of large-scale C/SiC composite structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142836990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Electrical Properties of Silicone Rubber Composites with Graphene and Unwashed Magnetite.","authors":"Iosif Malaescu, Paula Sfirloaga, Octavian M Bunoiu, Catalin N Marin","doi":"10.3390/ma17236006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17236006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three elastomer samples were prepared using GS530SP01K1 silicone rubber (ProChima). The samples included pure silicone rubber (SR), a silicone rubber-graphene composite (SR-GR), and a silicone rubber-magnetite composite (SR-Fe₃O₄). The magnetite was synthesized via chemical precipitation but was not washed to remove residual ions. The dielectric response and electrical conductivity of these samples were analyzed across a frequency range of 500 Hz to 2 MHz. The analysis of the complex dielectric permittivity and Cole-Cole plots indicated a mixed dielectric response, combining dipolar behavior and charge carrier hopping. Despite this mixed response, electrical conductivity followed Jonscher's power law, with the exponent values (0.5 < n < 0.9) confirming the dominance of electron hopping over dipolar behavior in SR-GR and SR-Fe₃O₄ samples. The SR-Fe₃O₄ sample demonstrated higher dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity than SR-GR, even though graphene is inherently more conductive than magnetite. This discrepancy is likely due to the presence of residual ions on the magnetite surface from the chemical precipitation process as the magnetite was only decanted and dried without washing. These findings suggest that the ionic residue significantly influences the dielectric and conductive properties of the composite.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Turning of Inconel 625 to Improve Surface Quality After Finishing Process.","authors":"Magdalena Machno, Wojciech Zębala, Emilia Franczyk","doi":"10.3390/ma17236009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17236009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The process of machining the modern engineering materials, such as nickel-based superalloys, still requires improvement. This paper focuses on comparing the turning process of Inconel 625 superalloy using three types of cutting inserts to obtain the finishing process. The influence of cutting data, such as cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth, on the machined surface quality, surface quality were selected. The novelty of the research, described in the article, is the optimization of the machining of Inconel 625 by using the stepwise selection of parameters. The most important issue is that the stepwise method can be used in industry, where increasingly new nickel-chromium materials with more specific strength properties are used for parts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Barrier and Optical Properties of Inorganic Nano-Multilayers on PEN Substrate Through Hybrid Deposition.","authors":"Xiaojie Sun, Lanlan Chen, Wei Feng","doi":"10.3390/ma17236007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17236007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, an inorganic multilayer barrier film was fabricated on the polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate, which was composed of a SiO₂ layer prepared by inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) and a Al₂O₃/ZnO nanolaminate produced by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). The multilayer composite film with a structure of 50 nm SiO₂ + (4.5 nm Al₂O₃/6 nm ZnO) × 4 has excellent optical transmittance (88.1%) and extremely low water vapor permeability (3.3 × 10^-5 g/m²/day, 38 °C, 90% RH), indicating the cooperation of the two advanced film growth methods. The results suggest that the defects of the SiO₂ layer prepared by ICP-CVD were effectively repaired by the PEALD layer, which has excellent defect coverage. And Al₂O₃/ZnO nanolaminates have advantages over single-layer Al₂O₃ due to their complex diffusion pathways. The multilayer barrier film offers potential for encapsulating organic electronic devices that require a longer lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Performance Advanced Composites in Multifunctional Material Design: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Sónia Simões","doi":"10.3390/ma17235997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review examines high-performance advanced composites (HPACs) for lightweight, high-strength, and multi-functional applications. Fiber-reinforced composites, particularly those utilizing carbon, glass, aramid, and nanofibers, are highlighted for their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and environmental properties. These materials enable diverse applications, including in the aerospace, automotive, energy, and defense sectors. In extreme conditions, matrix materials-polymers, metals, and ceramics-and advanced reinforcement materials must be carefully chosen to optimize performance and durability. Significant advancements in manufacturing techniques, such as automated and additive methods, have improved precision, reduced waste, and created highly customized and complex structures. Multifunctional composites integrating structural properties with energy storage and sensing capabilities are emerging as a breakthrough aligned with the trend toward smart material systems. Despite these advances, challenges such as recyclability, scalability, cost, and robust quality assurance remain. Addressing these issues will require the development of sustainable and bio-based composites, alongside efficient recycling solutions, to minimize their environmental impact and ensure long-term technological viability. The development of hybrid composites and nanocomposites to achieve multifunctionality while maintaining structural integrity will also be described.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}