Materials最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Forced Melt Flow by a Rotating Magnetic Field and Solid/Liquid Front Velocity on the Size and Morphology of Primary Si in a Hypereutectic Al-18 wt.% Si Alloy.","authors":"Dimah Zakaraia, András Roósz, Arnold Rónaföldi, Zsolt Veres","doi":"10.3390/ma18112581","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypereutectic Al-Si alloys containing primary Si exhibit unique material properties that make them suitable for various industrial applications. Understanding the characteristics of primary Si is crucial for predicting the effect of solidification conditions on the microstructure of these alloys. This paper presents a comprehensive characterisation study of primary Si in hypereutectic alloys. This study provides a detailed analysis of the size, distribution, and morphology of primary Si, providing valuable insights into the alloy structure, mechanical properties, and even the performance of the production process. The effect of forced melt flow by a rotating magnetic field (RMF) and solid/liquid front velocity on the size and morphology of primary Si in a hypereutectic Al-18 wt.% Si alloy was investigated. The purpose of using the RMF technique during the solidification process of Al-Si alloys is to enhance the alloy's microstructure by inducing electromagnetic stirring. The hypereutectic samples were solidified at five different front velocities (0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.2, and 0.4 mm/s), under an average temperature gradient (G) of 8 K/mm, in a crystalliser equipped with an RMF inductor. Each sample was divided into two parts: the first solidified without stirring, while the second underwent electromagnetic stirring using RMF at an induction (B) of 7.2 mT. The results revealed that increasing the front velocity during solidification refined the primary Si in stirred and non-stirred parts. In non-stirred parts, it decreased dendritic forms and increased star-like Si, while polyhedral shapes remained nearly constant. Stirred parts showed stable Si morphology across velocities. Higher velocities also promoted equiaxed over elongated Si forms in both parts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Waste Low-Density Polyethylene/Plasticizer Diisononyl Phthalate on the Performance of Asphalt Binder.","authors":"Peng Hu, Xiao Shao, Kun Wang, Haichuan Jia, Long Chen","doi":"10.3390/ma18112580","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an aspect of green road construction, the use of waste plastic agricultural film in asphalt pavement not only mitigates environmental pollution but also enhances the mechanical properties of asphalt. However, it has been plagued by problems such as poor low-temperature crack resistance and poor compatibility. To address this problem, this study used waste low-density polyethylene (LDPE), sourced from waste film, and the plasticizer diisononyl phthalate (DINP) to enhance the properties of asphalt. Based on orthogonal tests, rheological property tests, conventional property tests, storage stability tests, fluorescence microscopy (FM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) tests, waste LDPE/plasticizer DINP-modified asphalt samples were evaluated. Orthogonal tests indicated that a modified asphalt optimum preparation process of 30 min and 4500 rpm at 180 °C was beneficial. Conventional and rheological property tests revealed that 4% waste LDPE modified with 2.5% plasticizer DINP represents the optimal combination to effectively enhance the low-temperature rheological properties of asphalt while exerting minimal impact on its high-temperature characteristics. Storage stability and FM analysis indicated that waste LDPE is evenly dispersed in the modified asphalt binder when 3% plasticizer DINP is added. FTIR analysis revealed no change in the absorption peaks after waste LDPE and plasticizer DINP were added to asphalt, indicating that no chemical reactions occurred. Overall, waste LDPE/plasticizer DINP-modified asphalt exhibits excellent rheological properties and storage stability, which are conducive to green road construction and resource utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Structure Displacements and Electronic Structure of Sb-Substituted Rock-Salt Type AgBi_1-<i>x</i>Sb_<i>x</i>Se_0.8S_0.6Te_0.6 System.","authors":"Lorenzo Tortora, Asato Seshita, Giovanni Tomassucci, Francesco Minati, Alina Skorynina, Laura Simonelli, Aichi Yamashita, Yoshikazu Mizuguchi, Naurang L Saini","doi":"10.3390/ma18112578","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cubic phase of the high-entropy alloy AgBi_1-<i>x</i>Sb_<i>x</i>Se_0.8S_0.6Te_0.6 compound, characterized by the substitution of Sb for Bi in the structure to enhance phonon scattering, has been analyzed for local atomic displacements and electronic structure using a combination of X-ray absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Notably, Ag K-edge and Bi L₃-edge X-ray absorption measurements demonstrate a contraction of bond distances upon substitution due to the smaller size of Sb. Conversely, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that, while Ag remains predominantly in the Ag¹⁺ state across all samples, Bi and Sb exhibit a single valence state only for minimal Sb substitution. At higher Sb substitution levels, both Bi and Sb manifest mixed valence states, indicating complex electronic behavior that potentially influences the thermoelectric properties of the system. These findings suggest that optimizing the local structure through Sb substitution can be beneficial in enhancing the material's thermoelectric performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Near-Surface Mounted (NSM) Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Strips with Additional Anchorage.","authors":"Paweł Tworzewski, Kamil Bacharz","doi":"10.3390/ma18112579","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The work presents and examines a fiber anchoring system of NSM CFRP strips proposed for strengthening RC beams. The study included 11 beams: 3 unstrengthened beams, 3 beams strengthened with NSM CFRP strip without anchorage, and 5 beams strengthened with NSM CFRP strips with additional anchorage in two variants (the fiber anchor wrapped around the CFRP strip end and fan-folded on the beam surface; the fiber anchor connected with a 20 cm overlap to the strip). All beams were loaded until failure with two concentrated forces (four-point loading test). The measurements were carried out using digital image correlation (DIC). The obtained ultimate load values reached an average of 43.5 kN for unstrengthened beams, while for strengthened beams, they ranged between 56.6 kN and 60.2 kN. The strengthening efficiency was comparable for all beams regardless of the anchorage used and ranged from 29% to 37%. All strengthened beams failed due to strip debonding. The obtained results did not allow confirmation of the effectiveness of the proposed anchoring system. Detailed analysis showed that the lack of anchoring effectiveness was related to the debonding initiating factor, i.e., vertical crack opening displacement, which has not been described in proper detail by the researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Effects of Tandem Welding (Fronius TPS/i - TWIN) of S1100QL and S1300QL Steels.","authors":"Mateusz Karczewski, Krzysztof Mroczka, Sławomir Parzych, Piotr Bała, Grzegorz Cios, Janusz Mikuła, Grzegorz Jeż","doi":"10.3390/ma18112577","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>S1100QL and S1300QL steels are classified as fine-grained steels with a low-carbon martensitic structure. Tandem welding is a method of creating a joint by melting two electrode wires in a one-behind-the-other configuration. This article presents the effects of creating dissimilar joints, elements of varying thicknesses made from S1100QL and S1300QL steels. The analysis focused on temperature changes in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) during welding, as well as the macro and microstructure, and the properties of the joints created at welding speeds of 80, 90, and 100 cm/min. The shortest cooling time (t8/5) in the HAZ for S1300QL steel was 9.4 s, while the longest was 12.4 s. Thermal cycle simulations were performed for the analyzed materials, with a cooling time of 5 s. The test results demonstrated that TWIN welding was stable, and an optimum welding speed is 80 cm/min. The HAZ microstructure for the highest cooling speed (t8/5 = 5 s) of S1100QL steel contains, in addition to martensite, lower bainite, while S1300QL steel consists of martensite. Tempered martensite was also detected at slower cooling rates. For all speed variants, the impact energy is above 27 J at a test temperature of -40 °C. In turn, hardness tests showed that the base material for both steels has the highest hardness. However, the lowest hardness was found for the weld.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advancements in Smart Hydrogel-Based Materials in Cartilage Tissue Engineering.","authors":"Jakob Naranđa, Matej Bračič, Uroš Maver, Teodor Trojner","doi":"10.3390/ma18112576","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) is an advancing field focused on developing biomimetic scaffolds to overcome cartilage's inherently limited self-repair capacity. Smart hydrogels (SHs) have gained prominence among the various scaffold materials due to their ability to modulate cellular behavior through tunable mechanical and biochemical properties. These hydrogels respond dynamically to external stimuli, offering precise control over biological processes and facilitating targeted tissue regeneration. Recent advances in fabrication technologies have enabled the design of SHs with sophisticated architecture, improved mechanical strength, and enhanced biointegration. Key features such as injectability, controlled biodegradability, and stimulus-dependent release of biomolecules make them particularly suitable for regenerative applications. The incorporation of nanoparticles further improves mechanical performance and delivery capability. In addition, shape memory and self-healing properties contribute to the scaffolds' resilience and adaptability in dynamic physiological environments. An emerging innovation in this area is integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and omics-based approaches that enable high-resolution profiling of cellular responses to engineered hydrogels. These data-driven tools support the rational design and optimization of hydrogel systems and allow the development of more effective and personalized scaffolds. The convergence of smart hydrogel technologies with omics insights represents a transformative step in regenerative medicine and offers promising strategies for restoring cartilage function.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Properties of Solidified Silt Based on Microbially Stimulated Recycled Hardened Cement Powder.","authors":"Xihui Yin, Chuanjiang Tian, Jintao Hong, Qiwei Zhan, Xinyu Wang, Wanying Dong","doi":"10.3390/ma18112575","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The carbon emissions from the cement industry account for approximately 8% of global carbon emissions, which exerts significant pressure on the environment. In this paper, the microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology was introduced into the carbonization modification research of recycled hardened cement powder (RHCP), and the carbon sequestration performance of RHCP under different pressures was studied. The physicochemical properties of the carbonated products were characterized by microscopic testing methods, and the carbon sequestration mechanism under different pressures was obtained. Subsequently, carbonated RHCP (C-RHCP) was tested as a partial cement substitute for solidified sludge to evaluate its mechanical and durability properties. The results show that when the pressures were 0.3 and 0.5 MPa, the carbon sequestration capacity of RHCP was relatively good, reaching 59.14 and 59.82 g/kg, respectively. Since the carbon sequestration amounts under the two pressures were similar, and considering the energy consumption, in this study, a reaction pressure of 0.3 MPa was selected to prepare C-RHCP. Compared with pure cement, the 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the sludge cured with 30% C-RHCP increased by 12.08%. The water stability coefficient of the solidified sludge in the C-RHCP group was greater than 1 after soaking for 7, 14, and 21 days, while the water stability coefficient of the cement group decreased to 0.92 at 14 days. After 20 freeze-thaw cycles, the mass losses of the cement group, the RHCP group, and the C-RHCP group were 31.43%, 38.99%, and 33.09%, respectively. This research not only provides an environmentally friendly strategy for the resource utilization of RHCP but also pioneers a new synergistic model that combines microbial mineralization with the modification of industrial solid waste. It demonstrated significant scientific value and engineering application prospects in reducing carbon emissions in the cement industry and promoted sustainable geotechnical engineering practices based on the \"waste-waste\" principle.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NiMn₂O₄ Ceramic with Bi₂O₃ as Ablating Aid with Laser Melting Deposition.","authors":"Wei Ren, Xianhai Liu, Shujian Ding, Xiang Weng, Guanghui Liu, Weili Wang, Yanhan Yang","doi":"10.3390/ma18112571","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>NiMn₂O₄ thermosensitive ceramics using Bi₂O₃ as a low-temperature ablating aid were prepared by laser melting deposition. Analyzing the structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the ceramics revealed important roles of Bi₂O₃. The room-temperature resistance decreased gradually with the increasing of the Bi₂O₃ content, the thermal constant of the ceramics varied from 2870.1 to 3853.2 K, and the activation energy varied from 0.2473 to 0.3320 eV. Furthermore, the alleviation of the aging issue was attributed to the grain growth and the densification of the ceramics due to the addition of Bi₂O₃ and the corresponding cationic redistribution. As a result, an optimized resistance drifting (∆R/R = 5.72%) of the ceramic was obtained with the addition of Bi₂O₃.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightweight Artificial Aggregates Produced from Water Reservoir Sediment and Industrial Waste-Ecological and Technological Aspect.","authors":"Adam Masłoń, Maksymilian Cieśla, Renata Gruca-Rokosz, Lesław Bichajło, Andrzej Nowotnik, Maciej Pytel, Kamil Gancarczyk, Marcin Chutkowski, Marek Potoczek, Małgorzata Franus, Katarzyna Kalinowska-Wichrowska","doi":"10.3390/ma18112563","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of mineral waste for the production of lightweight artificial aggregate is an important element of activities for sustainable development in construction and the implementation of the objectives of the circular economy. The article presents the physical, mechanical, and ecological properties of an innovative artificial aggregate produced from bottom sediments, concrete dust, and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. The obtained research results confirm that the developed material achieves technological properties comparable to artificial aggregates available on the market, both commercial and those derived from recycling. However, the increased leachability of chlorides and sulphates remains a significant challenge, which may limit the scope of its applications. Despite this, the material shows the potential for use, among others, in the production of lightweight concrete. The analyses carried out have shown that the thermal hardening processes (200-400 °C) and autoclaving do not guarantee full immobilization of harmful substances contained in the raw materials for the production of this type of aggregate.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Properties of Calcium Peroxide/Poly(ethylene glycol)@Silica Nanoparticles with Controlled Oxygen-Generating Behaviors.","authors":"Xiaoling Xie, Xin Sun, Wanming Lin, Xiaofeng Yang, Ruicong Wang","doi":"10.3390/ma18112568","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hypoxic microenvironment is the main challenge for the repair of damaged tissue, and oxygen supply is an effective means of alleviating hypoxia. In this study, a series of core-shell-structured calcium peroxide/poly(ethylene glycol)@silica (CPO@SiO₂) nanoparticles are prepared to generate oxygen steadily. The size of the CPO@SiO₂ nanoparticles ranges from 205 to 302 nm, with a narrow polydispersity index (PDI). In this system, the nano CPO core acts as the oxygen source to improve hypoxia, while the SiO₂ shell layer serves as the physical barrier to control the oxygen-generating rate and improve biocompatibility. The results suggest that the thickness of the SiO₂ shell layer can be modulated by adjusting the amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The prepared CPO@SiO₂ nanoparticles show a controlled oxygen-generating rate. Moreover, compared with CPO, the CPO@SiO₂ nanoparticles have good biocompatibility. To assess the modulating effects for the hypoxic microenvironment, L929 cells are co-cultured with CPO@ SiO₂ nanoparticles under hypoxia. The results suggest that the CPO@ SiO₂ nanoparticles can support the cell survival under hypoxia. Moreover, they can effectively decrease oxidative stress damage and reduce the levels of expression of hypoxia-induced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Therefore, the prepared CPO@ SiO₂ nanoparticles with controlled oxygen-generating properties could be a promising candidate for repairing damaged tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}