Materials最新文献_第10页

Measurement of Sorption Isotherms to Guide Mixed Display of Archaeological Iron, Bone, and Glass. 测量吸附等温线以指导考古铁、骨和玻璃的混合展示。

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/ma17235934

David Thickett, Antanas Mėlinis, Bhavesh Shah

{"title":"Measurement of Sorption Isotherms to Guide Mixed Display of Archaeological Iron, Bone, and Glass.","authors":"David Thickett, Antanas Mėlinis, Bhavesh Shah","doi":"10.3390/ma17235934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235934","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the preservation challenges of archaeological iron, bone, and glass within shared environments focusing on material-specific degradation mechanisms. The relative humidity (RH) requirements for these materials can vary significantly. Iron presents distinct stability groups at specific RH thresholds, albeit levels below 30% RH are recommended for sensitive artefacts. Little is known about the moisture response of bone, and the heterogeneity of the material poses additional challenges for its examination. Glass can undergo deterioration at both high and low RHs due to the threat of aqueous attack and transformation of the pristine glass or the crizzling and delamination of the already transformed glass. Experiments employing dynamic vapour sorption (DVS), acoustic emission (AE), and oxygen depletion analyses provided insights into the moisture response behaviours of these materials. It was found that the deleterious akageneite formation increases dramatically at RHs > 30% in archaeological iron, reinforcing the current guidelines. Bone exhibits significant hygroscopicity as well as isotherm steepening below 25% RH on desorption, suggesting this threshold could be advisable to avoid structural damage. In glass, there is evidence of significant mass fluctuations between c. 60 and 95% RH, as well as isotherm steepening around 30% RH on desorption, thus providing more empirical evidence to published storage recommendations. This work sheds more light on the risk assessment for mixed-material showcases and underscores the necessity of nuanced RH guidelines that consider the material-specific degradation mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Dispersed ZrO₂ Particles on Microstructure Evolution and Superconducting Properties of Nb-Ti Alloy.

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/ma17235946

Rafał Idczak, Robert Konieczny, Wojciech Nowak, Wojciech Bartz, Michał Babij

引用次数: 0

Effects of Partially Filled EPS Foam on Compressive Behavior of Aluminum Hexagonal Honeycombs.

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/ma17235945

Itsara Rojana, Anchalee Manonukul, Julaluk Carmai

{"title":"Effects of Partially Filled EPS Foam on Compressive Behavior of Aluminum Hexagonal Honeycombs.","authors":"Itsara Rojana, Anchalee Manonukul, Julaluk Carmai","doi":"10.3390/ma17235945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235945","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the compressive behavior of aluminum honeycombs partially filled with expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam, emphasizing the effects of filler area fractions and vertex contact locations on energy absorption and crush characteristics. Axial quasi-static compression tests evaluated energy absorption, mean crush force, specific energy absorption, and crush force efficiency. Results revealed that partially filled honeycombs significantly enhance energy absorption and mean crush force compared to their unfilled counterparts. However, higher filler area fractions increased mass, reducing specific energy absorption. Circular fillers exhibited lower energy absorption than hexagonal fillers due to their larger contact radius, which reduces stress concentration. The interaction between cell walls and fillers influenced densification strain, with wall-midpoint vertex contacts increasing peak force by reinforcing walls, while corner contacts reduced peak force but improved crush force efficiency. These findings underscore the potential of optimized, partially filled honeycombs for lightweight, energy-absorbing applications, particularly in automotive engineering.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnetic Performance and Anticorrosion Coating Stability of Thermally Demagnetized Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets for Reuse Applications.

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/ma17235927

Tomaž Tomše, Pierre Kubelka, Rosario Moreno López, Peter Fleissner, Laura Grau, Matej Zaplotnik, Carlo Burkhardt

{"title":"Magnetic Performance and Anticorrosion Coating Stability of Thermally Demagnetized Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets for Reuse Applications.","authors":"Tomaž Tomše, Pierre Kubelka, Rosario Moreno López, Peter Fleissner, Laura Grau, Matej Zaplotnik, Carlo Burkhardt","doi":"10.3390/ma17235927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235927","url":null,"abstract":"Nd-Fe-B-type permanent magnets, containing approximately 30% critical rare-earth elements by weight, are essential components in renewable energy systems (e.g., wind turbines, hydroelectric generators) and electric vehicles. They are also critical for consumer electronics and electric motors in products like energy-efficient air conditioners and home appliances. In light of advancing sustainability goals, the direct reuse of magnets from end-of-life devices offers a promising alternative to energy-intensive and costly recycling methods based on hydro- and pyrometallurgical processes, as well as modern short-loop recycling through hydrogen processing. However, Nd-Fe-B magnets must be demagnetized before they can be extracted from devices. This study explores the effects of thermal demagnetization, performed either in air or a vacuum, on the stability of anticorrosion coatings and the magnetic performance of remagnetized magnets. Corrosion tests were conducted to assess the compatibility of various coatings with thermal demagnetization, identifying those most suitable for future applications involving magnet reuse.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aspen Wood Characteristics Following Thermal Modification in Closed Process Under Pressure in Nitrogen.

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/ma17235930

Guntis Sosins, Juris Grinins, Prans Brazdausks, Janis Zicans

{"title":"Aspen Wood Characteristics Following Thermal Modification in Closed Process Under Pressure in Nitrogen.","authors":"Guntis Sosins, Juris Grinins, Prans Brazdausks, Janis Zicans","doi":"10.3390/ma17235930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235930","url":null,"abstract":"Using a pilot-scale chamber with an interior capacity of 340 L, European aspen (Populus tremula) wood boards were thermally modified (TM) under pressure in nitrogen at a maximum temperature of 160-170 °C, for 60-180 min, and with an initial nitrogen pressure of 4-5 bar. After the TM process, aspen wood was characterised by dimensional changes, mass loss (ML), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), antiswelling efficiency (ASE), cell wall total water capacity (CWTWC), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and Brinell hardness (BH). This work offers fresh insights into the characteristics of aspen wood following a closed TM process in pressurised nitrogen. TM caused ML of 5.4-14.5% and shrinkage in all anatomic directions. The ASE ranged from 22 to 70%, while the CWTWC was reduced from 35% to 11-27%. After treatment, EMC and volumetric swelling (VS) were more than twice as low as in untreated wood. Although MOE values increased and the average MOR reduced following TM, the changes were not important. The TM aspen wood tangential surface's BH dropped and was noticeably lower than the radial surface's BH.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Study on the Size Effect of Compression-Shear Fracture Characteristics of Rock-like Materials Containing Open Cracks.

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/ma17235941

Zixuan Li, Shiyuan Huang, Chuan Lv, Cheng Liao, Xudong Li, Hongbo Du

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Size Effect of Compression-Shear Fracture Characteristics of Rock-like Materials Containing Open Cracks.","authors":"Zixuan Li, Shiyuan Huang, Chuan Lv, Cheng Liao, Xudong Li, Hongbo Du","doi":"10.3390/ma17235941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235941","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding fracture mechanics in rock-like materials under compression-shear condition is critical for predicting failure mechanisms in various engineering applications, such as mining and civil infrastructure. This study conducted uniaxial compression tests on cubic gypsum specimens of varying sizes (side lengths of 75 mm, 100 mm, 125 mm, and 150 mm) and crack inclination angles (ranging from 0° to 90°) to assess the size effect on fracture behavior. The effects of specimen size and crack inclination on fracture characteristics, including strength, failure mode, and crack initiation angle, were analyzed based on the maximum tangential stress (MTS) criterion and the generalized maximum tangential stress (GMTS) criterion, with relative critical size (α) and relative openness (η). Results indicate that the crack initiation angle increases with crack inclination, while compressive strength decreases significantly with increasing specimen size. For example, at a 30° crack inclination, the peak compressive strength of 75 mm specimens was 2.53 MPa, whereas that of 150 mm specimens decreased to 1.05 MPa. Crack type and failure mode were found to be primarily influenced by crack inclination rather than specimen size. The experimental crack initiation angle aligned with the theoretical crack initiation angle at inclinations below 50° but diverged at higher inclinations. A linear relationship was established between rc and specimen size (L) under compression-shear stress, expressed as rc=-0.01772L+3.54648; larger specimens exhibited increased tangential stress at the crack tip, leading to earlier macroscopic crack formation, while rc decreased as specimen size increased. These results underscore the significant influence of size on fracture behavior in quasi-brittle materials under compression-shear stress, providing essential insights for predicting material failure in rock-like structures.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Analysis of Fluorine-Free Mold Fluxes for Continuous Casting of Peritectic Steels.

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/ma17235947

Márcia Maria da Silva Monteiro Pereira, Hervé Tavernier, Tiago Dos Santos Junior, Fernando Vernilli

{"title":"Design and Analysis of Fluorine-Free Mold Fluxes for Continuous Casting of Peritectic Steels.","authors":"Márcia Maria da Silva Monteiro Pereira, Hervé Tavernier, Tiago Dos Santos Junior, Fernando Vernilli","doi":"10.3390/ma17235947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235947","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorine-based mold fluxes are critical for continuous casting of peritectic steels, controlling heat transfer and preventing cracks. However, environmental and health concerns associated with fluorine have spurred the search for alternative flux compositions. This study applied a factorial design to explore the effects of Na2O, TiO2, B2O3, and fluorine on key properties such as viscosity, crystallization temperature, and melting behavior. Analytical methods, including viscosity measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), combined with thermodynamic modeling, were used to evaluate performance. Four formulations were selected based on factorial design results. Sample A, with high Na2O, exhibited intense crystallization of merwinite (Ca3MgSi2O8) and perovskite (CaTiO3). Sample B, incorporating B2O3, had reduced crystallization and suitable viscosity (2.97 Pa·s). Sample C, with a slightly higher fluorine content than Sample B and without B2O3, presented balanced low viscosity (1.75 Pa·s) with a moderate crystallization tendency. Sample D, free of fluorine and B2O3, showed high viscosity (4.58 Pa·s) and significant crystallization. These results demonstrate that fluorine-free fluxes with properties comparable to fluorine-based compositions can be developed, offering a sustainable alternative for steelmaking. Industrial trials are necessary to validate their performance under operational conditions.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anion-Doped Perovskite Oxygen-Permeable Membranes Fabricated via an Improved One-Step Thermal Processing Approach.

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/ma17235929

Yongqiang Niu, Wanglin Zhou, Shuyang Ni, Zhengkun Liu, Guangru Zhang, Wanqin Jin

{"title":"Anion-Doped Perovskite Oxygen-Permeable Membranes Fabricated via an Improved One-Step Thermal Processing Approach.","authors":"Yongqiang Niu, Wanglin Zhou, Shuyang Ni, Zhengkun Liu, Guangru Zhang, Wanqin Jin","doi":"10.3390/ma17235929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235929","url":null,"abstract":"Anion-doped perovskite membranes with a hollow fiber geometry have excellent oxygen separation performance. However, during the fabrication process of hollow fiber membranes, soaking the precursor in deionized water leads to elemental dissolution, especially anion dissolution. To prevent metal and anion element dissolution, an improved one-step thermal processing approach was proposed in which saturated solutions were used as internal and external coagulation baths, effectively controlling the stoichiometric ratio. Compared with using deionized water as internal and external coagulation baths, using a fluorine-containing saturated solution increased the oxygen flux of the membrane by 21% at 900 °C. The oxygen permeability of the fluorine-doped oxide membrane reached 6 mL cm-2 min-1 at 900 °C, with an oxygen flux exceeding 1 mL cm-2 min-1 at 700 °C, meeting commercial oxygen separation membrane standards. Anion doping and stability enhancement strategies could further advance the development and practical use of oxygen separation membranes.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Shade Integration of a Novel Universal-Shade Flowable Bulk-Filling Resin Composite.

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.3390/ma17235944

Hirofumi Kaneko, Chiharu Kawamoto, Yu Toida, Ryotaro Yago, Di Wu, Yuan Yuan, Fei Chen, Monica Yamauti, Hidehiko Sano, Atsushi Tomokiyo

{"title":"Evaluation of Shade Integration of a Novel Universal-Shade Flowable Bulk-Filling Resin Composite.","authors":"Hirofumi Kaneko, Chiharu Kawamoto, Yu Toida, Ryotaro Yago, Di Wu, Yuan Yuan, Fei Chen, Monica Yamauti, Hidehiko Sano, Atsushi Tomokiyo","doi":"10.3390/ma17235944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235944","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to evaluate the color-matching and light transmission properties of a newly developed aesthetic flowable resin composite, OCFB-001.Methods: Rubber molds containing cylindrical cavities were filled with Estelite Sigma Quick, and 40 resin composite (CR) molds with simulated Class I cavities were prepared in shades A1, A2, A3, and A4, resulting in a total of 160 samples. Following bonding procedures, four different flowable resin composites (n = 10) were introduced into the cavities. The color difference (ΔE00) was calculated using two methods. A two-way analysis of variance was performed, and the interaction was significant, so a post hoc analysis was performed for each shade using Bonferroni's correction. The morphology of the filler in each material was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: In the A1 shade, OCFB-001 demonstrated color differences comparable to those of other materials. However, in the A2, A3, and A4 shades, OCFB-001 exhibited significantly lower color differences (ΔE00) than the other materials, with a more consistent distribution. SEM analysis revealed that the OCFB-001 structure resembled that of Estelite Bulk Fill Flowable.Conclusions: OCFB-001 showed excellent shade matching in the A2, A3, and A4 ranges and good matching in the A1 shade, on par with existing universal-shade flowable bulk-fill resin composites.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavior of Weathering Steel in Artificial Harsh Environment.

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.3390/ma17235919

Tomasz Wierzbicki, Gabriela Rutkowska, Mariusz Żółtowski, Mykola Nagirniak

{"title":"Behavior of Weathering Steel in Artificial Harsh Environment.","authors":"Tomasz Wierzbicki, Gabriela Rutkowska, Mariusz Żółtowski, Mykola Nagirniak","doi":"10.3390/ma17235919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235919","url":null,"abstract":"The safety and durability of engineering structures, like bridges, which are designed from weathering steels, are conditioned by the development of a sufficiently protective layer of corrosion products. Air pollution, the microclimate around the bridge, the time of wetness, the structural solution of the bridge, and the position and orientation of the surface within the bridge structure all influence the development of protective layers on the surface of the weathering steel. The condition of the formed patina relies on the working conditions of the structure. In fact, it is exposed to various types of salts that appear during the operation of the facility. In this article, the strength parameters of uncoated weathering steel were tested after accelerated aging of welded steel samples in a salt spray chamber. The tests showed the expected degradation of steel after long-term exposure to salt and changes in the strength parameters such as tensile strength, yield strength, and, importantly, impact strength, both in the steel itself and in the elements of the welded connection. The obtained results showed that the change is influenced by both the conditions in which the samples are made (welding method) and the direction of the welded joint (along or across the rolling direction).","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0