Materials最新文献

{"title":"RETRACTED: Jing et al. Shear Strengthening of Deep T-Section RC Beams with CFRP Bars. <i>Materials</i> 2021, <i>14</i>, 6103.","authors":"Zheng-Nan Jing, Rong-Gui Liu, Gui-Hua Xie, Dan Liu","doi":"10.3390/ma19091902","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma19091902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The journal retracts the article titled \"Shear Strengthening of Deep T-Section RC Beams with CFRP Bars\" [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTED: Haghbin et al. Enhancement of the Electrical Conductivity and Interlaminar Shear Strength of CNT/GFRP Hierarchical Composite Using an Electrophoretic Deposition Technique. <i>Materials</i> 2017, <i>10</i>, 1120.","authors":"Amin Haghbin, Gholamhossein Liaghat, Homayoun Hadavinia, Amir Masoud Arabi, Mohammad Hossein Pol","doi":"10.3390/ma19091843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19091843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The journal retracts the article titled \"Enhancement of the Electrical Conductivity and Interlaminar Shear Strength of CNT/GFRP Hierarchical Composite Using an Electrophoretic Deposition Technique\" [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional ZnO Nanomaterials with Broad-Spectrum Defect-State Absorption for Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes.","authors":"Ai Zhou, Hongyun Li, Jie Fang","doi":"10.3390/ma19081657","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma19081657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their morphology-dependent properties, eco-friendly characteristics, and potential as a sustainable photocatalyst with a broad range of applications. Therefore, in this study, three different ZnO nanostructures-nanosheets (NSs), nanoflowers (NFs), and nanorods (NBs)-were synthesized via a controlled precipitation method. Among these, NFs exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency. The obtained samples exhibited broad optical absorption edges extending into the visible region (corresponding to apparent energies of 1.81-2.09 eV), which is attributed to the sub-bandgap states induced by oxygen vacancies rather than intrinsic bandgap narrowing-far lower than the bandgap of bulk ZnO (3.37 eV). Their photocatalytic performance was evaluated by the degradation of Methyl Blue (MB), Methyl Orange (MO), and Rhodamine B (RhB) under UV or sunlight. Notably, the NFs achieved rapid degradation of MB and RhB within 90 min under UV irradiation without the addition of any H₂O₂, demonstrating their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness for practical applications. Although H₂O₂ inhibited the degradation of MB and RhB, it promoted the decomposition of MO. Furthermore, the ZnO NFs exhibited excellent recyclability in five consecutive degradation cycles. The self-synthesized ZnO nanomaterials in this study, with their broad-spectrum absorption, high stability, and eco-friendly properties, demonstrate their potential as an efficient and low-cost photocatalyst for large-scale wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electro-Oxidation and Electro-Fenton Degradation of PFASs Using a Grid-Shaped Ti₄O₇ Magnéli-Phase Anode: Effect of Concentration and Evidence of Defluorination.","authors":"Sinda Daghfous, Elissa Makhoul, Eddy Petit, Geoffroy Lesage, Mikhael Bechelany, Nizar Bellakhal, Marc Cretin","doi":"10.3390/ma19081659","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma19081659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The persistence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic environments requires efficient and sustainable treatment technologies. In this study, the electrochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was investigated using a grid-shaped Ti₄O₇ Magnéli-phase anode under electro-oxidation (EO) and electro-oxidation coupled with electro-Fenton (EO-EF) conditions. Structural characterization confirmed the predominance of Ti₄O₇ in the electrode material. At an initial concentration of 2 ppm, PFOS was rapidly and almost completely removed under both EO and EO-EF, whereas PFOA exhibited slower degradation kinetics, identifying it as the kinetically limiting compound. Coupling EO with electro-Fenton mainly enhanced the degradation kinetics, particularly for PFOA, while final removal efficiencies remained comparable. The influence of initial concentration was further examined, showing that lowering the PFOA concentration to 0.2 ppm, representative of environmentally relevant levels, enabled nearly complete removal within 300 min. Fluoride ion monitoring under optimized EO-EF conditions confirmed partial defluorination, demonstrating that PFOA removal is accompanied by C-F bond cleavage. These findings highlight the respective roles of EO and EO-EF processes and support the potential of Ti₄O₇-based anodes for energy-competitive PFAS remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaporative Cooling of Concrete Pavers Incorporating Recycled, Bio-Based and Lightweight Materials: Influence of Capillary Absorption and Density.","authors":"Amro Yaghi, Farjallah Alassaad, Stephane Ginestet, Gilles Escadeillas","doi":"10.3390/ma19081658","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma19081658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The urban heat island effect is strongly linked to the use of dense mineral pavements with high thermal inertia and lacking passive heat dissipation mechanisms. This article evaluates the potential of evaporatively cooled concrete pavers, based on capillary action and evaporation by incorporating recycled, bio-based, and lightweight materials to develop functional porosity. Ten paver formulations were developed using natural or recycled sand, hemp fibers and shives, and lightweight aggregates. Compressive strength, density, capillary absorption, and thermal behavior were characterized. Tests were conducted outdoors in full sunlight over 48 h in comparison with reference urban materials. The results show that capillary action alone is insufficient to induce effective cooling. The raw recycled sand formulation exhibits high capillary absorption but reaches maximum temperatures of 43-44 °C, which may be due to its low interconnected porosity that limits evaporation. Conversely, formulations incorporating bio-based materials or lightweight aggregates showed a more favorable balance between water availability, reduced density, and surface cooling performance. Hemp-based pavers reach maximum temperatures of 38-40 °C, while those incorporating expanded clay range between 37 and 39 °C, representing a reduction of 7 to 13 °C compared to bitumen and maintaining mechanical strengths suitable for pedestrian use. The results suggest that effective evaporative cooling is associated with sufficient capillary absorption, efficient water transfer toward the surface, and moderate density limiting heat storage. This study demonstrates that high capillary absorption alone does not ensure effective evaporative cooling. By systematically comparing recycled, bio-based and lightweight aggregates, the results reveal that evaporative cooling efficiency probably depends on the functional connectivity of the pore network and on a moderate material density limiting heat storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shrinkage Cracking Characteristics and Micro-Mechanism of Bentonite and Glass-Fiber-Modified Cement Soil in Dry Environment.","authors":"Zili Dai, Xiaowei Lu, Lin Wang, Shifei Yang, Rong Wang","doi":"10.3390/ma19081671","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma19081671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to investigate the effects of bentonite and glass fiber on the macroscopic mechanical properties and microscopic mechanisms of cement soil in dry environments, a series of laboratory tests were conducted in this study, including drying tests under controlled environments (30 °C, 50% humidity), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, digital image processing technology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The moisture evaporation law, surface crack development process, UCS variation, and microstructure evolution of cement soil with different mix proportions (bentonite content: 0-9%; glass fiber content: 0-0.5%) were systematically analyzed. The results show that bentonite can significantly enhance the water retention capacity of cement soil, reduce the water evaporation rate, and increase the unconfined compressive strength by filling internal pores to densify the microstructure. Glass fibers form a three-dimensional network structure in the matrix, exerting a bridging effect to inhibit crack initiation and propagation, and optimize the mechanical properties. The unconfined compressive strength increases significantly with an increase in bentonite content (3-9%), and the optimal fiber content for strength improvement is determined as 0.3%. The synergistic effect of bentonite and fibers optimizes the interfacial bonding force between fibers and the matrix, which remarkably improves the anti-cracking performance of cement soil. Specifically, when the bentonite content is 6-9% and the fiber content is 0.3-0.5%, the cement soil maintains complete integrity after drying, with no obvious cracks on the surface. SEM analysis reveals that the addition of bentonite and fibers inhibits the expansion and connection of internal voids, avoiding the cycle of \"void enlargement-stress concentration-crack propagation\". This study provides a scientific basis for the engineering application of cement soil in a dry environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Sintering and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Tribological Performance of AlTiN-Coated PM M42 High-Speed Steel.","authors":"Zijun Qi, Yi Chen, Ji Li, Yongde Huang, Qian Wang, Qi Wei, Xiaofeng Yang, Qiang Liu","doi":"10.3390/ma19081667","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma19081667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preparing a highly wear-resistant AlTiN coating on a powder metallurgy (PM) M42 high-speed steel substrate is a key strategy to enhance tool performance and meet the demands of efficient machining. This study adopted a process route comprising substrate preparation, heat treatment regulation, and arc-PVD deposition of AlTiN coatings to systematically investigate the influence of sintering temperature (1130, 1160, and 1190 °C) and austenitizing time (1150 °C for 0, 15, 60, and 120 min) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the substrate, as well as on the tribological performance of the AlTiN coatings. The results indicate that elevating the sintering temperature promotes densification of the matrix, with Vickers hardness increasing from 366 HV to 462 HV and bending strength (σ) increasing from 1064 MPa to 1310 MPa. The predominant carbide phases identified are MC, M₂C, and M₆C. During austenitizing, microstructural changes consistent with a progressive transformation from M₂C to MC and M₆C carbides were indicated by SEM and XRD analyses. Precipitation strengthening was most evident after 60 min, with hardness reaching 868 HV. In contrast, bending strength (σ) exhibited a progressive decline with increasing austenitizing time, decreasing from 1310 MPa to 1015 MPa after 120 min, illustrating a clear trade-off between hardness and toughness. The wear behavior of the coating is governed synergistically by substrate hardness, bending strength (σ), coating-substrate interfacial adhesion strength (L_C), and carbide phase transformation. Elevated substrate hardness enhances anti-wear performance; bending strength influences crack propagation and spallation tendency; and L_C determines the efficiency of interfacial load transfer. The carbide phase evolution appears to modulate the coating's wear behavior by regulating both the microstructure and mechanical properties of the substrate. Among the six sample conditions evaluated, the A3 sample (sintered at 1190 °C and austenitized for 120 min) exhibited the lowest wear rate (2.38 × 10^-6 mm³·N^-1·m^-1), demonstrating superior wear resistance. These findings provide a reference for process optimization and rational design of M42/AlTiN composite coating systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molybdenum/Niobium Disilicide Multilayers Fabricated by Tape Casting: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Behaviour.","authors":"Dreidy Mercedes Vásquez, Elisa Padovano, Claudio Badini, Sara Biamino, Luca Lavagna, Matteo Pavese","doi":"10.3390/ma19081653","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma19081653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MoSi₂-based intermetallics are interesting materials for high-temperature applications, due to their moderate density, high melting point and significant oxidation resistance. In this paper, MoSi₂-based materials in the form of multi-layered structures were fabricated by tape casting and pressureless sintering. Composites containing up to 20 wt.% of NbSi₂ were produced, with the aim of obtaining biphasic structures with low pest oxidation at low temperature. The prepared samples were characterised with regard to phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance. It was shown that the addition of a limited amount of NbSi₂ prevents the pest oxidation phenomenon characteristic of pure MoSi₂. Silica inclusions responsible for lowering the material toughness, were observed to disappear in the sintered silicides, thanks to the presence, during the binder burn-out, of a reducing atmosphere and to the carbonaceous residua. The phase and composition analysis also revealed the formation of small amounts of secondary phases like silicon carbide.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Fiber Inclination, Geometry, and Thermal Treatment on Fe-SMA Fiber Pull-Out Resistance in High-Performance Concrete.","authors":"Jan Białasik, Wojciech Podraza, Dominika Samulczyk, Alireza Tabrizikahou","doi":"10.3390/ma19081668","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma19081668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) fibers can enhance cementitious composites through both crack bridging and thermally activated recovery stresses. Since fiber pull-out governs load transfer at the micro scale, understanding the combined effects of fiber geometry, inclination, and thermal treatment is essential. This study experimentally investigated the pull-out behavior of hooked-end Fe-SMA fibers embedded in high-performance concrete (HPC). A total of 54 ASTM C307-type briquette specimens were tested using single-hook (3D) and double-hook (4D) fibers at inclination angles of 60°, 75°, and 90° under ambient, 100 °C, and 200 °C conditions. Additional flexural, compressive, and direct tensile tests were conducted on plain HPC exposed to the same thermal regime. At ambient temperature, 4D fibers showed 50-70% higher peak pull-out forces than 3D fibers. Heating to 100 °C further increased pull-out resistance by about 6-17%, and the 4D-60-100 configuration achieved the highest performance. In contrast, exposure to 200 °C reduced pull-out resistance by about 5-12% below ambient values. Overall, a 60° inclination generally provided a better response, while 90° produced the lowest. The results confirm that moderate thermal activation combined with double-hook geometry is the most effective strategy for maximizing Fe-SMA fiber-matrix load transfer in HPC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological and Corrosion Properties of Coatings of Ultradisperse TiB₂-TiAl Electrodes with Nanosized Additives Deposited on Ti-Gr2 by Non-Contact Electrospark Deposition.","authors":"Georgi Kostadinov, Antonio Nikolov, Yavor Sofronov, Todor Penyashki, Valentin Mishev, Boriana Tzaneva, Rayna Dimitrova, Krum Petrov, Radoslav Miltchev, Todor Gavrilov","doi":"10.3390/ma19081652","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma19081652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, the tribological and corrosion behavior of commercially pure titanium-Ti-Gr2 with coatings obtained by mechanized contactless local electrospark deposition (LESD) with low pulse energy and a rotating electrode of TiB₂-TiAl reinforced with ZrO₂ and NbC nanoparticles was investigated. The current research is driven by the need for improved corrosion and abrasion resistance of titanium surfaces in automotive components, shipbuilding, aerospace, petrochemical and many other industrial and domestic areas. This work is a continuation of our previous study, in which the dependences of the relief, roughness, thickness, microhardness, composition and structure of the coatings obtained with this electrode on the electrical parameters of the LESD mode were studied and analyzed. In this work, the influence of the pulse parameters of the LESD process (respectively, roughness, thickness, composition and structure of the coatings) on the tribological and corrosion characteristics of the coatings has been investigated and the possibility of simultaneous protection of titanium surfaces from wear and corrosion has been demonstrated. Coatings containing nanocrystalline and amorphous-like structures have been formed, with synthesized new compounds and phases, and with increased hardness up to 13 GPa, low roughness Ra = 1.5-3 μm, thickness 8-20 μm and minimal structural defects. By comparing the potentiodynamic polarization curves, polarization resistance, electrochemical impedance and tribological characteristics of the coated surfaces, it has been established that their corrosion resistance increases by more than 1-2 orders of magnitude and their wear resistance during friction increases by 4-5 times compared to those of the substrate. Appropriate values of the electrical parameters of the LESD mode are presented, which allow obtaining uniform coatings with reduced roughness and structural defects, with predictable thickness, roughness and hardness, and with maximized corrosion and abrasive wear resistance to allow for uniform coatings with reduced roughness and structural defects, with predictable thickness, roughness and hardness, and with maximized corrosion and abrasive wear resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}