Materials最新文献

{"title":"RETRACTED: Hussain et al. The Effect of 600 keV Ag Ion Irradiation on the Structural, Optical, and Photovoltaic Properties of MAPbBr₃ Films for Perovksite Solar Cell Applications. <i>Materials</i> 2022, <i>15</i>, 5299.","authors":"Saddam Hussain, Norah Alwadai, Muhammad I Khan, Muhammad Irfan, Ikram-Ul-Haq, Hind Albalawi, Aljawhara H Almuqrin, Maha M Almoneef, Munawar Iqbal","doi":"10.3390/ma18071623","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18071623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Materials</i> retracts the article \"The Effect of 600 keV Ag Ion Irradiation on the Structural, Op-tical, and Photovoltaic Properties of MAPbBr₃ Films for Perovksite Solar Cell Applications\" [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTED: Khan et al. Bi and Sn Doping Improved the Structural, Optical and Photovoltaic Properties of MAPbI3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. <i>Materials</i> 2022, <i>15</i>, 5216.","authors":"Muhammad I Khan, Sumra Yasmin, Norah Alwadai, Muhammad Irfan, Ikram-Ul-Haq, Hind Albalawi, Aljawhara H Almuqrin, Maha M Almoneef, Munawar Iqbal","doi":"10.3390/ma18071430","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18071430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Materials</i> retracts the article, \"Bi and Sn Doping Improved the Structural, Optical and Photovoltaic Properties of MAPbI3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells\" [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoelectric Properties of Tetrahedrites Produced from Mixtures of Natural and Synthetic Materials.","authors":"Beatriz A Santos, Luís Esperto, Isabel Figueira, João Mascarenhas, Elsa B Lopes, Rute Salgueiro, Teresa P Silva, José B Correia, Daniel de Oliveira, António P Gonçalves, Filipe Neves","doi":"10.3390/ma18061375","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermoelectric materials have considerable potential in the mitigation of the global energy crisis, through their ability to convert heat into electricity. This study aims to valorize natural resources, and potentially reduce production costs, by incorporating tetrahedrite-tennantite (td) ores from the Portuguese Iberian Pyrite Belt into synthetic samples. The ore samples were collected in a mine waste at Barrigão and as \"dirty-copper\" pockets of ore from the Neves Corvo mine. Subsequently, high-energy ball milling and hot pressing were employed in the production of thermoelectric materials. These are characterized by XRD, SEM/EDS, and thermoelectrical properties. The complete dissolution of the dump material sulfides with the synthetic tetrahedrite constituents led to an increase in the amount of the tetrahedrite-tennantite phase, which was made up of a tetrahedrite-tennantite-(Fe) solid solution. The thermoelectric characterization of these materials is provided, revealing that most of the combined synthetic ore samples displayed better results than the pristine tetrahedrite, mostly due to higher Seebeck coefficient values. Furthermore, the best thermoelectric performance is achieved with 10% of ore, where a power factor of 268 µW.K^-2.m^-1 is reached at room temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging Effect on Push-Out Bond Strength of Six Resin Cements: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Eugenia Baena, Nuria Escribano, Victoria Fuentes, Isabel Reche, Laura Ceballos","doi":"10.3390/ma18061371","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of resin cements marketed for fiber post cementation has increased significantly. This study compared the push-out bond strength (PBS) of self-adhesive and universal resin cements used to lute fiber posts at 24 h and after 6 months of aging in artificial saliva. Fiber posts were luted to eighty human roots endodontically treated with four self-adhesive/one-step resin cements, with one of them also used in combination with its appropriate tooth primer; one universal resin cement, applied as one-step or together with its corresponding universal adhesive (multi-step); and one adhesive/multi-step resin cement, as a control. After storage (24 h or 6 months), the interfaces were subjected to PBS tests and the data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey and Student's <i>t</i>-tests (<i>p</i> < 0.05 defined as statistical significance). The results showed that Scotchbond Universal Plus + RelyX Universal attained statistically higher values at 24 h and 6 months. At 24 h, all resin cements yielded similar PBS to root dentin, while at 6 months, NormoCem obtained the lowest PBS. Storage for 6 months significantly decreased PBS for NormoCem and Multilink Automix. Root section did not influence PBS regardless of storage time. It was concluded that PBS is resin cement dependent. The universal resin cement, RelyX Universal, applied in combination with Scotchbond Universal Plus adhesive, obtained a higher and more stable PBS than the other resin cements tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the Pretreatment Temperature of Zeolitic Catalysts Can Affect the Reaction Temperature of Methanol to Olefins and Gasoline Processes.","authors":"Simón Yunes, Abel Gaspar Rosas, Antonio Gil","doi":"10.3390/ma18061370","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dehydration of methanol to produce light olefins and gasoline, known as MTO (methanol-to-olefins) process requires acidic catalysts that maintain their acidity at reaction temperatures. Zeolites, such as SAPOs and ZSM-5, are commonly used for this purpose due to their acidic centers. The initial step in these experiments involves the activation or pretreatment of these solids to remove physically adsorbed water from their pores. Inadequate pretreatment can lead to the destruction of the existing Brönsted sites through the dihydroxylation of surface -OH groups. Therefore, it is crucial to pretreat the zeolites properly to preserve the Brönsted sites. One method is to subject the fresh catalyst to programmed dehydration, which involves desorption at a controlled temperature while monitoring the appearance of water that results from Brönsted site dihydroxylation. The temperature at which the dehydration peak appears determines the optimal reaction temperature. The results presented in this work will demonstrate the progressive deactivation of the catalysts when the reaction temperature exceeds 400 °C.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Microstructure, Crystallization Behavior, and Mechanical Performance Evolutions of Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Glass and Glass-Ceramics with Different Alkaline Earth Oxide Modifications.","authors":"Chi Zheng, Danni Li, Mengshuo Guo, Jihong Zhang, Jun Xie, Jianjun Han","doi":"10.3390/ma18061383","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of alkaline earth oxides into Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glass components can improve the mechanical and optical performances of glass and glass-ceramics for various applications. In this research, microstructures, thermal properties, crystallization behavior, and mechanical performance changes in specific Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glass with the introduction of different alkali earth oxides, MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO, were investigated. From Raman and NMR spectra microstructure analysis, it was confirmed that the addition of MgO could compete with Al as a network former and charge compensator, while increasing the bridging oxygen number with Si and affecting the chemical shift in ²⁹Si. Meanwhile, the glass structures slightly changed due to the introduction of CaO, SrO, and BaO, with larger ionic radii. Meanwhile, the glass transition and first crystallization temperatures increased due to MgO introduction and then decreased with larger-radii alkali earth oxides' addition, due to different glass network connectivity. After heat treatment, the crystal phases in the glass-ceramics changed with the introduction of alkaline earth oxides. The main crystal phases varied from Li₂Si₂O₅, SiO₂, and LiAlSi₄O₁₀ in glass without alkali earth oxide introduction; to SiO₂, Li_xAl_xSi_3-xO₆, and MgAl₂Si₄O₁₂ in glass with MgO addition; to SiO₂ and Li_xAl_xSi_3-xO₆ with CaO addition; to SiO₂, LiAlSi₄O₁₀, and Li₂SiO₃ for glass with SrO addition; and further to Li₂SiO₅, SiO₂, and LiAlSi₄O₁₀ for glass with BaO addition. Moreover, in the mechanical performance of the glass-ceramics, the Vickers hardness and elastic modulus reached a maximum of 8.61 GPa for glass with MgO and 90.12 GPa for glass with BaO modification, respectively, probably due to different crystal phases. More importantly, the crack resistance values presented a large increase for MgO glass and MgO- or CaO-modified glass-ceramics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-Assisted Multi-Property Prediction and Sintering Mechanism Exploration of Mullite-Corundum Ceramics.","authors":"Qingyue Chen, Weijin Zhang, Xiaocheng Liang, Hao Feng, Weibin Xu, Pengrui Wang, Jian Pan, Benjun Cheng","doi":"10.3390/ma18061384","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mullite-corundum ceramics are pivotal in heat transfer pipelines and thermal energy storage systems due to their excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. Establishing relationships and mechanisms through traditional experiments is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, gradient boosting regression (GBR), random forest (RF), and artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed to predict essential properties such as apparent porosity, bulk density, water absorption, and flexural strength of mullite-corundum ceramics. The GBR model (<i>R</i>² 0.91-0.95) outperformed the RF and ANN models (<i>R</i>² 0.83-0.89 and 0.88-0.91, respectively) in accuracy. Feature importance and partial dependence analyses revealed that sintering temperature and K₂O (~0.25%) positively affected bulk density while negatively influencing apparent porosity and water absorption. Additionally, sintering temperature, additives, and Fe₂O₃ (optimal content ~5% and 1%, respectively) were positively related to flexural strength. This approach provided new insight into the relationships between feedstock compositions and sintering process parameters and ceramic properties, and it explored the possible mechanisms involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Inertia Forces in the Connecting Rod and Their Impact on Stress Formation.","authors":"Andrzej Chmielowiec, Weronika Woś, Jan Czyżewski","doi":"10.3390/ma18061385","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a comprehensive model for the inertia force field acting on a moving connecting rod. The derived formulas enable the accurate calculation of resultant inertia forces and their distribution on individual components for finite element analysis (FEA). The method applies to symmetrical and complex-shaped connecting rods, addressing challenges in modeling forces for asymmetrical designs. This work advances the precision of stress and vibration modeling in connecting rods, crucial for tribology and reliability studies. By improving the understanding of wear and failure mechanisms in reciprocating systems, it supports design optimization. The article presents the application of the proposed computational methods using three materials typically used for connecting rod construction: 42CrMo4, aluminum 2618, and Ti6Al4V. The presented results demonstrate how the material selection influences the total inertia force and the resulting stresses within the material. The numerical results are presented based on simulations conducted for two connecting rods of different sizes, operating at extremely different rotational speeds. The conducted analyses show that in the examined cases, rotational speed is the key factor influencing inertia stresses. The implementation, based on Open Source tools, allows a numerical analysis of inertia forces and stresses, with all the methods and models available in an open repository.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Performance Optimization of Lead-Zinc Tailing Sintered Bricks.","authors":"Dongliang He, Yanhui Cheng, Rui Li, Hang Lin","doi":"10.3390/ma18061381","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead-zinc tailings are waste materials generated from mineral processing and smelting, and their long-term accumulation poses potential threats to the environment and soil. To achieve resource recycling and sustainable development, this study used lead-zinc tailings and clay as raw materials and glass powder as a modifier to prepare modified lead-zinc tailing sintered bricks. Through full-factor experiments and single-factor experiments, the effects of the material proportions, the sintering temperature, and the holding time on the properties of the sintered bricks were investigated. The results show that the addition of glass powder significantly enhanced the compressive strength of the sintered bricks, reduced their water absorption rate, and improved their volume shrinkage rate. The optimal preparation conditions were as follows: 9% glass powder content, 90% lead-zinc tailings content, a sintering temperature of 1060 °C, and a holding time of 60 min. The resulting sintered bricks met the MU30-strength-grade requirements of the national standard for ordinary sintered bricks (GB/T5101-2017). The sintering temperature has a significant impact on brick performance; the compressive strength first increases, and then decreases, the water absorption rate continues to decrease, and volume change shifts from expansion to contraction. The influence of holding time was relatively weaker, but as the holding time increased, the compressive strength and the water absorption rate of the sintered bricks gradually stabilized. XRD and SEM analyses indicated that the minerals in the lead-zinc tailings decomposed and recrystallized during the sintering process. The liquid phase melt from the glass powder filled the pores and enhanced skeletal strength, thereby improving the microstructure and properties of the sintered bricks. The research findings provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the efficient utilization and building material application of lead-zinc tailings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars with Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Influence of Grain Size and Composition.","authors":"Andrea Petrella, Francesco Todaro, Pravendra Yadav, Jennifer Gubitosa, Michele Notarnicola","doi":"10.3390/ma18061378","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with different grain size after grinding (fine and coarse) was recycled and used as aggregate for non-conventional lightweight cement mortars. The physical and mechanical characteristics were compared to conventional sand-based composites. The workability in the fresh state was evaluated. Accordingly, the composites showed decreases in fluidity with increases in PET percentage weight. Higher thermal insulation and lower mechanical strengths were observed with the increase in plastic dosage due to a density decrease and porosity increase in the composites. Finer grain size PET samples were more resistant (~12-24 MPa) than the coarse-grain samples (~3-23 MPa) due to the higher density and specific surface area of the aggregate. Conversely, higher thermal insulation was obtained with coarse PET addition (~0.6-0.2 W/mK vs. ~0.7-0.35 W/mK). A ductile behavior with discrete cracks after failure was observed after plastic addition to the mixture. Low wettability was observed in PET samples which, although more porous than the sand specimens, showed a hydrophobic behavior which contributed to water repellency. The reported physical, mechanical, thermal, wettability and microstructural features suggest the potential of these composites for both inside and outside applications of non-structural objects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}