Materials最新文献

{"title":"RETRACTED: Thiyagarajan, J.S. Non-Destructive Testing Mechanism for Pre-Stressed Steel Wire Using Acoustic Emission Monitoring. <i>Materials</i> 2020, <i>13,</i> 5029.","authors":"Jothi Saravanan Thiyagarajan","doi":"10.3390/ma18122812","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18122812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The journal retracts the article \"Non-Destructive Testing Mechanism for Pre-Stressed Steel Wire Using Acoustic Emission Monitoring\" [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blackseed Oil Supplemented Caseinate-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Film Membrane for Improving Shelf Life of Grape Tomato.","authors":"Amal M A Mohamed, Hosahalli S Ramaswamy","doi":"10.3390/ma18112653","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blackseed oil supplemented with caseinate (CA)-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH) composite membranes were evaluated for their functional properties and as edible coating for extending the shelf life of grape tomatoes. Composite films were prepared from equal parts of (CaCa or NaCa) and (CMCH) with or without supplemented 3% blackseed oil (BO) and evaluated for their functional properties. Subsequently, the edible membrane coating was evaluated to extend the shelf life of grape tomatoes (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.). The water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films was the lowest for the calcium caseinate-carboxymethyl chitosan-blackseed oil (CaCa-CMCH-BO) film (3.01 g kPa^-1 h^-1 m^-2). Adding blackseed oil to the edible film matrix also led to a significant increase in its mechanical properties, resulting in tensile strength values of 12.5 MPa and 10.2 MPa and elongation at break values of 90.5% and 100% for NaCa-CMCH-BO and CaCa-CMCH-BO, respectively. The composite films also exhibited good compatibility through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The particle size and zeta potential of CaCa-CMCM-BO were 117 nm and -40.73 mV, respectively, while for NaCa-CMCH-BO, they were 294.70 nm and -25.10 mV, respectively. The incorporation of BO into the films resulted in greater antioxidant activity. When applied as an edible film membrane on grape tomatoes, the coating effectively delayed the deterioration of tomatoes by reducing weight loss, microbial spoilage, and oxidative degradation. Compared to the control, the coated fruits had delayed ripening, with a shelf life of up to 30 days, and reduced microbial growth over the entire storage period.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Thermally Fatigued Phase Transformation and Bending Fracture Mechanisms of 310S Stainless Steel.","authors":"Ying-Ting Huang, Yu-Wei Yen, Fei-Yi Hung","doi":"10.3390/ma18112654","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the microstructural evolution and mechanical degradation mechanisms of cold-drawn 310S stainless steel subjected to repeated thermal cycling between 900 °C and room temperature. The results reveal that thermal cycling induces significant lattice distortion, dislocation accumulation, and recrystallization, leading to grain refinement and increased tensile strength. However, these microstructural changes also initiate subsurface cracks and reduce ductility. TGA analysis confirms thermal weight loss from decarburization, especially under oxidative atmospheres. EPMA analysis and tensile tests after thermal cycling reveal that surface cracks formed during thermal cycling act as origins for transgranular crack propagation under tensile stress, significantly reducing fracture resistance. Bending fatigue tests further demonstrate that thermally fatigued specimens exhibit inferior fatigue life compared to raw material, confirming the deteriorating mechanical properties of 310S stainless steel after thermal cycling. Overall, the combined effects of thermal and mechanical fatigue degrade the structural integrity of 310S stainless steel, revealing that lattice distortion and subsurface cracking are the key factors in its embrittlement and reduced fatigue performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compressive Creep Performances of Dispersion Coated Particle Surrogate Fuel Pellets with ZrC-SiC Composite Matrix.","authors":"Qisen Ren, Yang Liu, Runjie Fang, Lixiang Wu, Weiqiang Liu","doi":"10.3390/ma18112659","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nuclear fuel pellets are subject to stress for long periods during the in-pile operation, and this study on high-temperature creep performance is of great significance for predicting the in-pile behaviors and safety evaluation of fuel elements. In the present study, a mixture of ZrC (50 wt%), SiC (46 wt%), and Si (4 wt%) powder was ball-milled for 24 h and then evaporated to obtain ZrC-SiC composite material. ZrC-SiC composite was adopted as the matrix, with ZrO₂ surrogate kernel TRSIO particles and dispersion coated particle fuel pellets prepared with different TRISO packing fractions using the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) process. This study on compressive creep performances was conducted under a temperature range of 1373-2073 K and a stress range of 5-250 MPa, elucidating the creep behavior and mechanism of dispersed coated particles fuel pellets, and obtaining the variation laws of key parameters such as creep stress exponents and activation energy with TRISO packing fraction. The results showed that creep stress exponents of the surrogate fuel pellets are between 0.89 and 2.12. The activation energies for high temperature-low stress creep (1873-2073 K, 5-50 MPa) are 457.81-623.77 kJ/mol, and 135.14-161.59 kJ/mol for low temperature high stress creep (1373-1773 K, 50-250 MPa). Based on the experimental results, a high-temperature creep model was established, providing a valuable reference for the research and application of a ceramic matrix dispersed with coated particle fuels.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Flame-Retardant Wood-Polymer Composites by Using Inorganic Mineral Huntite and Hydromagnesite: An Aspect of Application in Electrical Engineering.","authors":"Gül Yılmaz Atay, Jacek Lukasz Wilk-Jakubowski, Valentyna Loboichenko","doi":"10.3390/ma18112652","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a flame-retardant wood-polymer composite was produced using huntite-hydromagnesite mineral, recognized for its non- flammability properties. In this context, wood-polymer composites were produced with the co-rotating twin-screw extrusion technique, while polypropylene was applied as the composite matrix, medium density fiberboard waste and inorganic huntite-hydromagnesite mineral were used as the reinforcement material. The proportion of wood powder additives was changed to 10% and 20%, and the huntite and hydromagnesite ratio was changed to 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, i.e., MAPP, was applied as a binder at a rate of 3%. Polypropylene, wood fibers, mineral powders, and MAPP blended in the mixer were processed in the extruder and turned into granules. Structural, morphological, thermal, mechanical, and flame-retardant properties of the composites were analyzed using XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA, tensile testing, and the UL-94 vertical flammability test. Test samples were prepared to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties with a compression molding machine. It was concluded that the composites gained significant flame retardancy with the addition of huntite hydromagnesite. The potential for using this material in various fields and its compliance with the principles of circular economy and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 12) were noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Research on Selected Mechanical and Environmental Properties of the Polyurethane-Based P3HB Nanobiocomposites.","authors":"Iwona Zarzyka, Beata Krzykowska, Karol Hęclik, Wiesław Frącz, Grzegorz Janowski, Łukasz Bąk, Tomasz Klepka, Jarosław Bieniaś, Monika Ostapiuk, Aneta Tor-Świątek, Magda Droździel-Jurkiewicz, Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska, Marcin Borowicz, Adam Tomczyk, Anna Falkowska, Michał Kuciej","doi":"10.3390/ma18112664","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focused on hybrid nanobiocomposite polymers produced with the use of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), P3HB and aliphatic polyurethane (PU) as a matrix, including variable quantities of organomodified montmorillonite (Cloisite^®30B). Mechanical, thermal, and biodegradability tests were conducted to evaluate their properties. The nanobiocomposites were tested using monotonic tensile tests, which revealed that the addition of PU and organomodified montmorillonite reduced the stiffness and strain at break compared to native P3HB. The material's yield strength was higher for P3HB, while the PU-modified composites exhibited lower stiffness and increased ductility, especially with lower amounts of clay. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that cracks in the samples propagated more rapidly as the clay content increased. The bending test showed that the P3HB-PU composites and the nanobiocomposites exhibited lower bending strength and elongation at break compared to pure polyester. However, the composites with lower clay content showed better performance, suggesting that clay promotes ductility to some extent. The Charpy impact tests indicated an increase in impact strength for the composites with the addition of PU and montmorillonite, especially for the samples with 1 wt.% clay. Biodegradability testing showed that P3HB has a biodegradability of 63.21%. However, the addition of clay reduced biodegradability, with a notable decrease as the clay content increased. The biodegradation of composites with 1 and 2% by mass clay was higher than that of P3HB. Thermal analysis indicates an improvement in the thermal stability of the nanomaterials, with the 1% by mass clay sample showing the highest decomposition onset temperature (263 °C). Overall, the study demonstrated that the presence of PU and montmorillonite moderated the mechanical and thermal properties and biodegradation of P3HB, with the optimal performance observed in the composites with 1% by mass clay.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Oxygen Vacancy Concentration on the Electrical Properties and Microstructure of <i>Bi</i>₄<i>Ti</i>₃<i>O</i>₁₂ Ceramics: Experimental and First-Principles Investigation.","authors":"Tao Chen, Yang Chen, Ning Zhang, Tiantian Liu, Songlin Wang, Qi Zhang","doi":"10.3390/ma18112666","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper investigates the impact of sintering temperature on oxygen vacancy concentration and its subsequent effect on the microstructure and electrical properties of Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) ceramics. To further clarify these effects, VASP software was employed to simulate BIT ceramics with varying oxygen vacancy concentrations.The experimental results demonstrate that sintering temperature significantly influences the oxygen vacancy concentration. At the optimal sintering temperature of 1080 °C, the BIT ceramics exhibit a balanced microstructure with a grain size of 4.16 μm, the lowest measured oxygen vacancy concentration of 18.44%, and a piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 9.8 pC/N. Additionally, the dielectric loss (tanδ) remains below 0.2 at 500 °C, indicating excellent thermal stability. VASP-based simulations reveal that increasing the oxygen vacancy concentration from 18.56% to 44.55% results in a significant collapse of the band gap (from 2.8 eV → 1.0 eV) and a transition in conductivity type from p-type to n-type. This shift induces a leakage current-dominated threshold effect, leading to a decrease in piezoelectric properties (d33 reduced from 9.8 to 6.9 pC/N). Atomic-scale density of states (DOS) analyses indicate that the delocalization of Ti3+ and the weakening of Bi-O hybridization collectively induce lattice distortion and ferroelectric inconsistency. These changes are correlated with an increase in dielectric loss and a slight reduction in Curie temperature (from 620 °C → 618 °C). In conclusion, this study comprehensively elucidates the influence of oxygen vacancy concentration on the microstructure and electrical properties of BIT ceramics. The findings provide a theoretical foundation and practical insights for designing high-performance piezoelectric ceramics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion-Wear Mechanism of (AlTiV)_100-xCr_x Lightweight High-Entropy Alloy in the 3.5 wt.% NaCl Solution.","authors":"Jiakai Huang, Peng Zhang, Junjie Yang, Wei Li, Qiwei Wang, Jie Li","doi":"10.3390/ma18112670","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(AlTiV)_100-xCr_x high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is expected to solve the problem of poor corrosion-wear resistance of lightweight alloys. To elucidate its corrosion-wear mechanism, three (AlTiV)_100-xCr_x alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting method by repeating the melting five times at 240 A current.and their microstructures, mechanics, corrosion, wear, and corrosion-wear behaviors were investigated. The results indicate that (AlTiV)_100-xCr_x is a single-phase with BCC structure and the VEC of Cr5, Cr10 and Cr15 were 4.0, 4.1 and 4.2 respectively. Their hardness increase and toughness and corrosion resistance decrease with the increase of Cr content (Cr5:537.5 HV_0.2/6.7%/1.86 × 10^-8 A/cm²; Cr10:572.3 HV_0.2/5.6%/2.09 × 10⁸ A/cm²; Cr15:617.6 HV_0.2/3.8%/2.51 × 10^-8 A/cm²). The wear volume and the corrosion-wear volume of AlTiVCr alloys are mainly caused by the abrasive wear. However, the fatigue wear of AlTiVCr alloys could be exacerbated by a decrease in material's toughness, corrosion resistance, and an increase in solution corrosivity. Therefore, Cr10 presents the optimal wear resistance in the deionized water, while the optimal corrosion-wear resistance in the 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution is presented by Cr5. Compared to TC4, the wear and corrosion-wear resistance were improved by 56.4% and 65.5%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Olive Pomace Ash in Eco-Friendly Mortars.","authors":"Besma Belaidi, Abderraouf Messai, Cherif Belebchouche, Mourad Boutlikht, Kamel Hebbache, Abdellah Douadi, Laura Moretti","doi":"10.3390/ma18112667","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cement industry is a major contributor to global CO₂ emissions, driving the research for sustainable alternatives. Olive biomass ash (OBA), a byproduct from burning all types of biomass from the olive tree, has emerged as a potential supplementary cementitious material (SCM). This study investigates the effects of incorporating olive pomace ash (OPA) as a partial cement substitute (0% to 50% by weight) on mortar properties over extended curing periods. Workability, compressive and flexural strengths, water absorption, and freeze-thaw resistance were evaluated. Up to 20% OPA replacement improved workability while maintaining acceptable strength and durability. Beyond this level, mechanical properties and frost resistance decreased significantly. Correlation analyses revealed strong relationships between flow time and wet bulk density (R² = 0.93), an exponential relationship between 28-day compressive strength and water absorption (R² = 0.87), and linear correlations between pre- and post-freeze-thaw mechanical properties (R² ≥ 0.99 for both compressive and flexural strengths). The results demonstrate that optimal OPA incorporation enhances mortar performance without compromising structural integrity and provides a viable strategy for valorizing agricultural waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Adsorption of Fluorine Contaminants from Spiked Wastewater via a Novel Fe^III-Ce^IV-Based Layered Hydroxide Composite and Mechanism Analysis of Colloids and Surfaces.","authors":"Jing Du, Yanyan Zhao, Tao Huang, Hui Li, Jia He","doi":"10.3390/ma18112665","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive intake of fluorine (F) over time can lead to acute or chronic fluorosis. In this study, a novel Fe^III-Ce^IV-based layered hydroxide composite (DD-LHC) was synthesized and applied in both batch and column modes to develop new adsorbent materials and to obtain efficient removal of fluorine (F) anions from wastewater. DD-LHC achieved better adsorption results and material stability compared to green rusts (GR, Fe^II-Fe^III hydroxide). The maximum adsorption capacity of DD-LHC for F^- was 44.68 mmol·g^-1, obtained at an initial pH of 5 and initial concentration of 80 mM. The substitution of Ce^IV for Fe^II in the intercalated layered structure of GR potentially changed the reaction pathways for F^- removal, which are typically dominant in the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Fe^II-Fe^III. The molecular structure of layered hydroxides combined with the three-dimensional (3D) metal frame of Fe-O-Ce was integrated into DD-LHC, resulting in nanoscale particle morphologies distinct from those of GR. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model effectively described the whole adsorption process of DD-LHC for F^-. DD-LHC exhibited notable selectivity for F^- across a wide pH range. The removal process of F^- by DD-LHC was dominated by Ce-F coordination bonds, with additional influences from auxiliary pathways to different extents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}