Materials最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Studies of \"Wood-Composite\" Reinforcement in Bending Sheared Wooden Beams Using Pre-Stressed Natural and Artificial Fibers.","authors":"Agnieszka Katarzyna Wdowiak-Postulak, Grzegorz Świt, Aleksandra Krampikowska, Luong Minh Chinh","doi":"10.3390/ma18184418","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have confirmed the effectiveness of using natural fibers and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites as methods to improve the mechanical properties of timber structures. This improvement is particularly evident in static and dynamic flexural and shear performance. Moreover, there is a paucity of literature pertaining to numerical models that predict the non-linear behaviour of low-quality timber beams reinforced with natural and man-made fibers. The present article expounds upon a shear bending study of timber beams reinforced with bars in addition to other materials. The experimental study yielded the following findings: the best properties were obtained with hybrid reinforcement, in comparison to the reference beams. The enhancement of load-bearing capacity and stiffness for beams that have been reinforced with pre-stressed basalt bars was found to be the most advantageous, with increases of approximately 17% and 8%, respectively. Natural fibers exhibited slightly lower values, with an increase in load-bearing capacity and stiffness of approximately 14% and 3%, respectively, when compared to beams that had not been reinforced. Moreover, the numerical analyses yielded analogous results to those obtained from the experimental study. The numerical models thus proved to be a valid tool with which to study the influence of the reinforcement factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on Mechanical Property of Cemented Backfill in Coal Mine.","authors":"Haigang Yang, Rui Wang, Qiang Zhang, Wencheng Ma, Yukai Wang","doi":"10.3390/ma18184423","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to the insufficiency of shear strength and severe segregation of cemented backfilling material in coal mines, a shear strength test, static segregation index test, and homogeneity degree test were carried out, taking slurry concentration (SC) as the main control factor. The effect law of SC on shear strength, the static segregation index, and the homogeneity degree was discussed. The relationship between the static segregation index and homogeneity degree and shear strength was analyzed, and the action mechanism of SC on shear strength was revealed. The research results show that for cemented backfill in coal mines, with a suspending agent content of 0 and a curing age of 28 d, when SC increases from 77% to 80%, shear strength increases by 31.43%, the static segregation index of the backfilling slurry decreases by 40.29%, and the homogeneity degree of the backfill increases by 69.23%. The increase in SC can enhance shear strength, reduce the segregation degree of backfilling slurry, and improve the homogeneity of backfill. The reason for the increase in shear strength lies in the fact that SC reduces the segregation degree of the backfilling slurry. The research in this paper has certain guiding significance for the timely support of the surrounding rock in the working face and the effective control of surface settlement.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Properties and Characteristics of a Foam Glass from a Mixture of Glass Shards and Perlite.","authors":"Ilja Horonko, Pavels Tihomirovs, Aleksandrs Korjakins","doi":"10.3390/ma18184422","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study presents the development and optimisation of foam glass manufactured from recycled glass shards and expanded ground perlite, targeting enhanced structural and thermal performance for sustainable building applications. By investigating various particle size fractions (\"125 μm\", \"250 μm\", \"500 μm\") and sintering temperatures (800-850 °C), we achieved a foam glass with superior compressive strength and uniform porosity. Notably, samples utilising a homogeneous 500 μm particle fraction sintered at 850 °C exhibited the highest compressive strength of 2.17 MPa, coupled with open porosity uniformity and stable structural matrix formation. Density values in this fraction decreased from 321 to 263 kg/m³, indicating effective foaming and well-developed open porosity that balances mechanical integrity and thermal insulation. The optimised thermal regime minimised crystalline phase formation, preserving low thermal conductivity and mechanical stability. Compared to heterogeneous composites, the homogeneous fractions demonstrated significantly improved strength-to-porosity ratios, ensuring predictable mechanical performance and competitive thermal insulation properties. These findings underline the material's potential as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly insulation solution that meets or exceeds existing standards, with promising applications in energy-efficient construction.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Charge Characteristics and Migration Characteristics of Amorphous Alloy Core Debris.","authors":"Wenxu Yu, Xiangyu Guan","doi":"10.3390/ma18184415","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared with a traditional distribution transformer with silicon steel sheet as the core material, the no-load loss of an amorphous alloy transformer is greatly reduced due to its core using iron-based amorphous metal material, which has been applied in many countries. However, due to the brittleness of its amorphous strip, an amorphous alloy transformer is prone to debris in the process of production, transportation and work. The charge and migration characteristics of these debris will reduce the insulation strength of the transformer oil and endanger the safe operation of the transformer. In this paper, a charge measurement platform of amorphous alloy debris is set up, and the charging characteristics of amorphous alloy core debris under different flow velocities, particle radius and plate electric field strength are obtained. The results show that with an increase in pipeline flow velocity, the charge-to-mass ratio of the debris increases first and then decreases. With an increase in electric field strength, the charge-to-mass ratio of the debris increases; with an increase in the number of debris, the charge-to-mass ratio of the debris decreases; with an increase in debris size, the charge-to-mass ratio of the debris increases. The debris with different charge-to-mass ratios and types obtained from the above experiments are added to the simulation model of an amorphous alloy transformer. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) coupled with the discrete element method (DEM) is used to simulate the migration process of metal particles in an amorphous alloy transformer under the combined action of gravity, buoyancy, electric field force and oil flow resistance under electrothermal excitation boundary. The results show that the trajectory of the debris is related to the initial position, electric field strength and oil flow velocity. The LBM-DEM calculation model and charge measurement platform proposed in this paper can provide a reference for studying the charge mechanism and migration characteristics of amorphous alloy core debris in insulating oil.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Based Grease from Agricultural Waste: Modified Cellulose from Corn Stover for Sustainable Lubrication.","authors":"Yuhao Fang, Gaobo Lou, Qiang Wu, Xingguo Cheng, Yifan Chen","doi":"10.3390/ma18184413","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a green lubricating grease was prepared based on cellulose and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). The cellulose extracted from the corn stover was functionalized using diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), which enhances its compatibility and thickening ability in non-polar oil, and subsequently dispersed in ESO to form a stable gel-like bio-based grease. The functionalized surface of cellulose was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and XRD. And the rheological and tribological characteristics of the prepared bio-based grease were discussed. The superior lubricity and anti-wear properties of our bio-based grease are demonstrated by its lower friction and diminished wear relative to commercial lithium-based formulations. This work provides practical guidance for designing environmentally friendly grease for sustainable lubrication.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dual-Layer Frequency Selective Surfaces with Tunable Transmission and Fixed Absorption Bands.","authors":"Zhiming Zhang, Qingyang Wang, Qiyuan Wang, Pei Liu, Yun He, Mingyu Li","doi":"10.3390/ma18184414","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents dual-layer frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) with frequency division control function through an integrated tunable transmission window at a lower frequency and an absorption performance at a higher frequency. The bottom frequency selective surface (FSS) layer, configured as a bandpass structure, incorporates a gradient gap square-ring element loaded with varactor diodes. This configuration enables dynamic tuning of the L-band transmission window from 1.26 GHz to 1.9 GHz via varactor capacitance modulation. Simultaneously, the top FSS layer utilizes a square-ring-cross-slot topology. Leveraging the strong reflection characteristic of the bottom FSS at higher frequencies in conjunction with dielectric loss mechanisms, the structure achieves absorption performance within the 5.56 GHz to 5.72 GHz band. Measurement results indicate insertion loss at operational frequencies within the transmission window remains below 1.41 dB, while the absorption peak reaches approximately -30 dB. Close agreement between simulated and measured results validates the proposed design.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of FeGa₃ Surface Film on SKD11 Substrate.","authors":"Roonie Protasius, Masaki Tanaka, Shigeto Yamasaki, Tatsuya Morikawa, Kazuyuki Yagi, Masahiko Tezuka, Yasufumi Yoshida, Yukinari Yoshida, Makoto Higashionna","doi":"10.3390/ma18184427","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gallium-based liquid metal is corrosive to steel alloys, forming FeGa₃ surface films which can potentially be applied as a solid lubricant to enhance wear resistance and mitigate liquid metal-induced corrosion. However, the characteristics of these films remain insufficiently explored. In this study, Ga-In-Sn alloy was ultrasonically soldered onto annealed and decarburised substrates, followed by heating in a vacuum chamber to form a 30 μm thick FeGa₃ reaction layer. The film on the annealed samples with an alpha-ferrite microstructure exhibited high porosity and a surface roughness of 1.97 Ra. In contrast, the film on the decarburised samples with a ferritic microstructure showed minimal porosity and a lower surface roughness of 1.29 Ra. Nanoindentation tests revealed Young modulus values of 231 GPa and 242 GPa and hardness values of 11.4 GPa and 12.7 GPa for the annealed and decarburised samples, respectively. The high porosity in the annealed samples is attributed to the suppression of FeGa₃ formation in regions containing chromium carbides. Shear stress for fracture, measured by microcantilever tests at the interface between the substrate and the inner matrix of the surface film, showed lower fracture shear stress in the annealed sample, attributed to the presence of larger pores within its microstructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Etching of Multi-Stacked Epitaxial Si_1-xGe_x on Si Using CF₄/N₂ and CF₄/O₂ Plasma Chemistries for 3D Device Applications.","authors":"Jihye Kim, Joosung Kang, Dongmin Yoon, U-In Chung, Dae-Hong Ko","doi":"10.3390/ma18184417","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The SiGe/Si multilayer is a critical component for fabricating stacked Si channel structures for next-generation three-dimensional (3D) logic and 3D dynamic random-access memory (3D-DRAM) devices. Achieving these structures necessitates highly selective SiGe etching. Herein, CF₄/O₂ and CF₄/N₂ gas chemistries were employed to elucidate and enhance the selective etching mechanism. To clarify the contribution of radicals to the etching process, a nonconducting plate (roof) was placed just above the samples in the plasma chamber to block ion bombardment on the sample surface. The CF₄/N₂ gas chemistries demonstrated superior etch selectivity and profile performance compared with the CF₄/O₂ gas chemistries. When etching was performed using CF₄/O₂ chemistry, the SiGe etch rate decreased compared to that obtained with pure CF₄. This reduction is attributed to surface oxidation induced by O₂, which suppressed the etch rate. By minimizing the ion collisions on the samples with the roof, higher selectivity, and a better etch profile were obtained even in the CF₄/N₂ gas chemistries. Under high-N₂-flow conditions, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed increased surface concentrations of GeF<i>_x</i> species and confirmed the presence of Si-N bond, which inhibited Si etching by fluorine radicals. A higher concentration of GeF<i>_x</i> species enhanced SiGe layer etching, whereas Si-N bonds inhibited etching on the Si layer. The passivation of the Si layer and the promotion of adhesion of etching species such as F on the SiGe layer are crucial for highly selective etching in addition to etching with pure radicals. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms governing selective SiGe etching, offering practical guidance for optimizing fabrication processes of next-generation Si channel and complementary field-effect transistor (CFET) devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compositional Effects on the Performance of High-Permeability Emulsified Asphalt for Prime Coat Applications.","authors":"Zhen Qin, Xiang Liu, Shaopeng Zheng, Simiao Pan, Xiaolong Li, Jingpeng Jia, Hang Xiong","doi":"10.3390/ma18184430","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-permeability emulsified asphalt has emerged as a promising prime coat for enhancing interlayer bonding in semi-rigid pavement structures. However, its widespread adoption remains limited by insufficient permeability and inconsistent mechanical properties. This study systematically investigated the effects of emulsifier ionic type (cationic or anionic), kerosene dosage (0-20%), and diluted asphalt content (corresponding to oil-water ratios of 5:5 and 4:6) on the comprehensive performance of high-permeability emulsified asphalt. Fundamental physical tests (sieve residue, evaporation residue, penetration, softening point, ductility), permeability evaluation, rotational viscosity measurements, and adhesion performance tests were conducted. Grey relational analysis (GRA) was employed to quantify the influence of each factor and their interactions on key performance metrics. The results reveal that anionic emulsifiers significantly improved low-temperature ductility and permeability. A low kerosene dosage (<10%) enhanced permeability and viscosity but compromised thermal stability at higher levels. Reducing the diluted asphalt content partially offset these adverse effects. GRA identified kerosene dosage as the dominant factor influencing permeability, softening point, and adhesion performance while emulsifier ionic type primarily affected ductility, and oil-water ratio strongly governed emulsification quality and viscosity. These findings provide quantitative insights for optimizing the composition of high-permeability emulsified asphalt and serve as a theoretical foundation for its engineering application in durable prime coats.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Dealloying of Ti and Ti-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications.","authors":"Kirti Tiwari, Deepti Raj, Paola Rizzi, Federico Scaglione","doi":"10.3390/ma18184424","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dealloying technique has been used for centuries as an attractive method for producing porous surfaces by removing one or more undesirable elements from the surface. Since early 2000s, the technique has been further developed for understanding the dealloying mechanism and tailoring it to produce chemically homogeneous materials with nanoporous (np) morphology. Dealloying has found numerous applications such as sensors, catalysts, as well as in the biomedical field, which is fairly recent and has attracted great attention on this topic. This review investigates the dealloying technique for preparing nanoporous materials and nanoporous surfaces by using different modification routes on various types of Ti-based alloys for biomedical implant application. There has been significant growth in studying dealloying of crystalline, amorphous, shape memory, and composites-based Ti alloys. This review aims to summarise the findings from literature and discuss the scope of this technique and challenges involved for future aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}