Jianhua Huang, Yan Wang, Yan Gao, Angela Tornblom, Zerek Bianchi, Alexis Garcia, Katina Cahill, Gina Savastano
{"title":"Innovative cage-based technique for mouse urine collection.","authors":"Jianhua Huang, Yan Wang, Yan Gao, Angela Tornblom, Zerek Bianchi, Alexis Garcia, Katina Cahill, Gina Savastano","doi":"10.1177/00236772251323627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772251323627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate and humane collection of mouse urine samples is crucial for research studies and health monitoring of laboratory mouse colonies. Conventional methods may stress animals and compromise sample quality. To address these challenges, we developed a natural and animal-friendly approach using a specially designed urine collection device. This innovative technique involved individual transparent compartments with 96-well collection plates, allowing C57BL/6NTac mice to urinate freely for up to 2 h. Our study found that the optimal collection period was from 7 AM to 9 AM, during which the mice produced urine quantities ranging from 80 μl to 810 μl, with a substantial majority (85%) producing over 150 μl. The use of 96-well plates minimized stress, sample evaporation and contamination from fecal material. This cage-based non-invasive technique provides a user-friendly solution for obtaining accurate and high-quality mouse urine samples, benefiting animal welfare and facilitating rodent health surveillance and research studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"236772251323627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lhara Ricarliany Medeiros de Oliveira, Alexsandra Fernandes Pereira
{"title":"Insights and implications from a comparative analysis of in vitro fertilization success in Cavioidea and Muroidea rodents.","authors":"Lhara Ricarliany Medeiros de Oliveira, Alexsandra Fernandes Pereira","doi":"10.1177/00236772251331683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772251331683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In vitro fertilization (IVF) is an assisted reproduction technique widely used due to its capacity to generate more offspring within a brief timeframe while simultaneously providing fundamental physiological data through gamete interactions. However, its suboptimal development in most species is challenging when IVF is applied to rodents. Despite numerous studies focusing on the Cavioidea and Muroidea superfamilies, some species struggle to achieve satisfactory cleavage rates, whereas others obtain over 90% efficiency with live offspring. Efforts to enhance these rates include adopting methodologies commonly used in other mammals or developing entirely new protocols. Nonetheless, the distinct morphophysiological differences among these animals necessitate careful consideration to avoid overgeneralization during optimization. Therefore, we aimed to review what has been established for the two most researched rodent superfamilies, Cavioidea and Muroidea, regarding the steps of IVF, such as gamete manipulation and embryonic development, to understand better the protocol diversification in the rodent order and how it affects IVF efficiency. After an extensive analysis of data accumulated over the years, it becomes evident that the Muroidea superfamily is used more extensively in reproductive studies than the Cavioidea. Furthermore, IVF procedures achieve total efficiency in only one rodent species, the laboratory mouse (<i>Mus musculus</i>). Consequently, developing a successful IVF technique across rodent species requires substantial modifications to optimize species-specific early steps - a challenge complicated by difficulties in obtaining viable gametes during the initial stages and the limited research interest in species without significant commercial value, such as wild rodents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"236772251331683"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meghan Tiplady, Katya Douchant, Andrew N Winterborn
{"title":"Accuracy of smartwatches for measuring heart rate and oxygen saturation in cynomolgus macaques compared to clinical standards.","authors":"Meghan Tiplady, Katya Douchant, Andrew N Winterborn","doi":"10.1177/00236772251318910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772251318910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous monitoring of physiological parameters in non-human primates (NHPs) necessitates a precise, non-invasive, and convenient method. This study aimed to validate the use of smartwatches with integrated pulse oximetry and heart rate (HR) monitoring capabilities for use in NHPs. Currently, the clinical standard for non-invasive continuous monitoring of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>) in NHPs has been the use of a transmittance pulse oximeter (TPO) affixed to a location of highly vascularized tissue. In a clinical setting, HR is monitored through electrocardiogram (ECG) or associated with SpO<sub>2</sub> measurement from a TPO probe utilizing photoplethysmography technology. Challenges in obtaining precise readings with TPOs stem from technological limitations and probe placement restrictions. To address these limitations, simultaneous HR and SpO<sub>2</sub> measurements were obtained from 15 cynomolgus macaques (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>) using the Apple Watch 7 (AW 7), Apple Watch 9 (AW 9), and a clinical-grade TPO probe with integrated optical HR measurement technology (iM70, ELAN). Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was used as a reference method for SpO<sub>2</sub>. We found that a TPO device significantly underestimated SpO<sub>2</sub> compared to the AW 7 and AW 9 when referenced against ABG values. Smartwatch-derived HR and SpO<sub>2</sub> measurements demonstrated good agreement and minimal bias compared to the gold standard method. Overall, the AW 7 and AW 9 exhibited good agreement with clinical reference standards for HR and good agreement with the gold standard for SaO<sub>2</sub> in sedated cynomolgus macaques.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"236772251318910"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernanda G Fumuso, Christine E Salomon, Roberta M O'Connor
{"title":"A new method to replace oral gavage for the study of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection in mice.","authors":"Fernanda G Fumuso, Christine E Salomon, Roberta M O'Connor","doi":"10.1177/00236772251318406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772251318406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral gavage is a widely used method to infect mice with <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> (<i>CP</i>), the most common animal model of infection. <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. are worldwide distributed, gastrointestinal parasites that mainly cause diarrhea in humans and neonatal ruminants. <i>CP</i> is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, usually through contaminated water. In rodent models of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection, oral gavage is used as the route of infection. This method, while effective, induces a generalized stress response and requires specific skills and experience. Our aim was to replace oral gavage by a refined method using a mixture palatable to mice, where oocysts could be mixed in. A peanut butter gelatin mix (PBG) containing <i>CP</i> oocysts was developed and used for voluntary oral infection of mice. We were able to confirm <i>CP</i> infections in young interferon-gamma knock out mice by detecting oocyst shedding in feces, demonstrating that the PBG method successfully produced infections similar to those obtain through oral gavage, and could be used for other pathogens or as a method to deliver experimental therapeutics or other substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"236772251318406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of inferior vena cava puncture under continuous cardiac perfusion with cardiac puncture in blood acquisition of the laboratory mouse.","authors":"Wengang Hu, Hao Sheng, JiaCai Yang, Cheng Chen, Ruoyu Shang, Zhihui Liu, Xiaohong Hu, Xiaorong Zhang, Weifeng He, Chibing Huang, Gaoxing Luo","doi":"10.1177/00236772241256023","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00236772241256023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obtaining sufficient blood volume from mice significantly facilitates experimental research. This study explored the inferior vena cava puncture under continuous cardiac perfusion (IVCP-UCCP) technique and evaluated its efficiency in comparison with conventional cardiac puncture (CP). In an initial dose-finding study, 50 mice were randomly assigned to one of 10 groups with escalating perfusion volume from 0.5 to 4.5 ml in 0.5-ml increments. The minimum perfusion volume was determined to be 2 ml in collecting whole circulating blood. In the next comparison using the conventional method, 40 mice were randomly assigned to one of two groups denoting different blood collection methods: Group 1: CP, Group 2: IVCP-UCCP. The results showed 1) that the cells and undiluted blood volume collected via IVCP-UCCP was over twofold higher than that by CP (<i>p < </i>0.001), confirmed by the cell counts and hematoxylin-eosin staining of different tissues slides (<i>p < </i>0.001); 2) the new technique did not alter the cellular composition or viability, which was verified by routine blood tests and flow cytometry (<i>p > </i>0.05); 3) the blood collected via the novel technique was diluted 2.1 times: the hemato-biochemical indicator results multiplied by 2.1 were identical with the test results of blood from CP (<i>p > </i>0.05). Together, the refined blood collection method of IVCP-UCCP completely extracted the limited blood resources in mice, significantly enhanced the utilization of each mouse, and thus offered scientific and ethical benefits. This technique may be also applicable for other small animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"178-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laboratory AnimalsPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1177/00236772241279058
Caroline Falkenberg, Dorte B Sørensen, Camilla Hf Hansen, Martin F Toft, Axel K Hansen
{"title":"Pre-immunization of diet-induced obese male mice with inactivated pathogens increases power in a liraglutide intervention study.","authors":"Caroline Falkenberg, Dorte B Sørensen, Camilla Hf Hansen, Martin F Toft, Axel K Hansen","doi":"10.1177/00236772241279058","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00236772241279058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-immunization with inactivated antigens has been developed as an alternative to the use of 'dirty' mice, which in contrast to specific pathogen free (SPF) mice, harbour a range of pathogens. Within certain research areas, such mice are considered better models for humans than SPF mice, as they have an immune system that better mirrors human immunity. We inactivated murine adenovirus type 1 (FL), minute virus of mice, mouse hepatitis virus (A59), respirovirus muris (Sendai), Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (GD7) and <i>Mycoplasma pulmonis</i> by ultraviolet irradiation. We show that pre-immunization with these inactivated pathogens combined with adjuvant prior to the dietary induction of obesity in C57BL/6NTac mice substantially reduced the group sizes needed for showing an effect of the GLP-1 receptor analogue, liraglutide. Nesting, open field and novel object behaviours of the mice were unaffected. We conclude that pre-immunization with inactivated pathogens may be a simple tool to increase power in this type of intervention study on the DIO mouse model.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"203-214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laboratory AnimalsPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1177/00236772241248718
Reid D Landes
{"title":"Comment on Frommlet and Heinze (2021): Correcting the error degrees of freedom.","authors":"Reid D Landes","doi":"10.1177/00236772241248718","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00236772241248718","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"299-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laboratory AnimalsPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1177/00236772241262119
Maya J Bodnar, I Joanna Makowska, Courtney T Boyd, Catherine A Schuppli, Daniel M Weary
{"title":"Mouse aversion to induction with isoflurane using the drop method.","authors":"Maya J Bodnar, I Joanna Makowska, Courtney T Boyd, Catherine A Schuppli, Daniel M Weary","doi":"10.1177/00236772241262119","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00236772241262119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isoflurane anesthesia prior to carbon dioxide euthanasia is recognized as a refinement by many guidelines. Facilities lacking access to a vaporizer can use the \"drop\" method, whereby liquid anesthetic is introduced into an induction chamber. Knowing the least aversive concentration of isoflurane is critical. Previous work has demonstrated that isoflurane administered with the drop method at a concentration of 5% is aversive to mice. Other work has shown that lower concentrations (1.7% to 3.7%) of isoflurane can be used to anesthetize mice with the drop method, but aversion to these concentrations has not been tested. We assessed aversion to these lower isoflurane concentrations administered with the drop method, using a conditioned place aversion (CPA) paradigm. Female C57BL/6J (OT-1) mice (<i>n</i> = 28) were randomly allocated to one of three isoflurane concentrations: 1.7%, 2.7%, and 3.7%. Mice were acclimated to a light-dark apparatus. Prior to and following dark (+ isoflurane) and light chamber conditioning sessions, mice underwent an initial and final preference assessment; the change in the duration spent within the dark chamber between the initial and final preference tests was used to calculate a CPA score. Aversion increased with increasing isoflurane concentration: from 1.7% to 2.7% to 3.7% isoflurane, mean ± SE CPA score decreased from 19.6 ± 20.1 s to -25.6 ± 23.2 s, to -116.9 ± 30.6 s (<i>F</i><sub>1,54</sub> = 15.4, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Our results suggest that, when using the drop method to administer isoflurane, concentrations between 1.7% and 2.7% can be used to minimize female mouse aversion to induction.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"169-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laboratory AnimalsPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1177/00236772241274058
Tim Schreiber, Emily Leitner, Jakob Brandstetter, Anna Richter, Sandra Lange, Dietmar Zechner, Christian Junghanss, Brigitte Vollmar, Simone Kumstel
{"title":"Mouse strain-specific habituation to oral metamizole administration.","authors":"Tim Schreiber, Emily Leitner, Jakob Brandstetter, Anna Richter, Sandra Lange, Dietmar Zechner, Christian Junghanss, Brigitte Vollmar, Simone Kumstel","doi":"10.1177/00236772241274058","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00236772241274058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When pain might occur during an animal experiment, sufficient analgesia is necessary. Metamizole is the third most used postoperative pain medication in animal research. The analgesic effect of metamizole is supposed to last 6-8 h in rodents. Therefore, the supplementation of drinking water with metamizole should be the preferred method to ensure permanent pain relief without unnecessary stressors. The present exploratory study compared the voluntary intake of metamizole-supplemented drinking water (3 mg/ml) between healthy mice of three different mouse strains. After the addition of metamizole to the drinking water, a marginal reduction in body weight was observed in C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice. However, NSG mice displayed a significantly higher body weight loss and reduction of drinking behavior compared with the C57BL/6J and BALB/c strains. The acceptance of metamizole in NSG mice did not increase with a different metamizole formulation. Thus, the mice of the inbred strains C57BL/6J and BALB/c seemed to be able to adapt to the taste of metamizole, while NSG mice were not able to accustom to analgesia within 1 week. Strain-specific habituation should be considered in future animal studies when analgesia is applied via drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"192-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laboratory AnimalsPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1177/00236772241276822
Georg Heinze, Florian Frommlet
{"title":"Response to Landes: Comment on Frommlet and Heinze (2021): correcting the error degrees of freedom.","authors":"Georg Heinze, Florian Frommlet","doi":"10.1177/00236772241276822","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00236772241276822","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18013,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animals","volume":" ","pages":"303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}