Learning & memory最新文献_第2页

Special issue on stress, emotion, and memory. 关于压力，情感和记忆的特刊。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-01-17 Print Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054090.125

引用次数: 0

Exploring stress hormone effects on memory specificity and strength in mice using the dual-event inhibitory avoidance task. 利用双事件抑制性回避任务探索应激激素对小鼠记忆特异性和强度的影响。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-01-17 Print Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053956.124

Sevgi Bahtiyar, Kubra Gulmez Karaca, Marloes J A G Henckens, Benno Roozendaal

{"title":"Exploring stress hormone effects on memory specificity and strength in mice using the dual-event inhibitory avoidance task.","authors":"Sevgi Bahtiyar, Kubra Gulmez Karaca, Marloes J A G Henckens, Benno Roozendaal","doi":"10.1101/lm.053956.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053956.124","url":null,"abstract":"Stressful and emotionally arousing experiences induce the release of noradrenergic and glucocorticoid hormones that synergistically strengthen memories but differentially regulate qualitative aspects of memory. This highlights the need for sophisticated behavioral tasks that allow for the assessment of memory quality. The dual-event inhibitory avoidance task for rats is such a behavioral task designed to evaluate both the strength and specificity of memory. The noradrenergic stimulant yohimbine given systemically immediately after the training session was found to enhance both the strength and specificity of memory, whereas the glucocorticoid corticosterone induced a generalized strengthening of memory. As mice are the preferred species for targeted gene and neural circuit manipulations, we here aimed to set up the dual-event inhibitory avoidance task for mice, and to replicate the effects of systemic yohimbine and corticosterone administration on memory strength and specificity. Whereas noninjected control mice efficiently acquired the task and selectively avoided the test context previously associated with footshock, the introduction of posttraining intraperitoneal injections induced testing order effects and substantially increased variability both within groups and across experiments, precluding a thorough investigation of stress hormone effects on memory specificity. Thus, whereas the dual-event inhibitory avoidance task can be used to test the specificity of memory in mice, our findings indicate that intraperitoneal injections impact performance. Therefore, this task is less suitable to assess stress hormone effects on memory specificity in mice.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhibition of prefrontal glutamatergic neuron activity during the recovery period following chronic stress disrupts fear memory in male rats: potential role of the infralimbic cortex. 慢性应激后恢复期抑制前额叶谷氨酸神经元活动破坏雄性大鼠恐惧记忆：边缘下皮层的潜在作用。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-01-17 Print Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053957.124

Jessica M Judd, Dylan N Peay, Jinah L Kim, Elliot A Smith, Megan E Donnay, Joel Miller, Jean-Paul Klein, Erin K Nagy, Amanda M Acuña, M Foster Olive, Cheryl D Conrad

{"title":"Inhibition of prefrontal glutamatergic neuron activity during the recovery period following chronic stress disrupts fear memory in male rats: potential role of the infralimbic cortex.","authors":"Jessica M Judd, Dylan N Peay, Jinah L Kim, Elliot A Smith, Megan E Donnay, Joel Miller, Jean-Paul Klein, Erin K Nagy, Amanda M Acuña, M Foster Olive, Cheryl D Conrad","doi":"10.1101/lm.053957.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053957.124","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic stress typically leads to deficits in fear extinction. However, when a delay occurs from the end of chronic stress and the start of fear conditioning (a \"recovery\"), rats show improved context-cue discrimination, compared to recently stressed rats or nonstressed rats. The infralimbic cortex (IL) is important for fear extinction and undergoes neuronal remodeling after chronic stress ends, which could drive improved context-cue discrimination. Here, glutamatergic IL neurons of Sprague-Dawley male rats were targeted for inhibition using inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) and daily injections of clozapine N-oxide (CNO) during a 21-day recovery period from chronic stress. Histological verification confirmed DREADDs in the IL with some spread to nearby medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions. CNO administration was then discontinued before fear conditioning started and behavioral testing thereafter so that behavioral assessments occurred without neuronal inhibition. Fear conditioning involved presenting male rats with three tone-foot shock pairings on 1 day, which was followed by 2 days of 15 tone-alone extinction sessions. Daily and repeated inhibition of mainly IL neurons during the 21-day recovery period did not disrupt fear learning or fear extinction in all groups (controls, stressed rats without a recovery, and stressed rats with a recovery). However, chronically stressed rats given a recovery and with DREADD activation showed impaired spontaneous recovery, indicating a failure to form a tone-foot shock association. The findings show that daily inhibition of mainly IL neurons prior to fear conditioning and extinction depends upon the changes that occur during the recovery period following the end of chronic stress.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early life racial/ethnic discrimination effects on behavioral control and health outcomes in young adults. 早期生活种族/民族歧视对青年行为控制和健康结果的影响。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-01-17 Print Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053927.124

Corinna Y Franco, Julieta Serobyan, Ovsanna Avetisyan, Barbara J Knowlton

{"title":"Early life racial/ethnic discrimination effects on behavioral control and health outcomes in young adults.","authors":"Corinna Y Franco, Julieta Serobyan, Ovsanna Avetisyan, Barbara J Knowlton","doi":"10.1101/lm.053927.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053927.124","url":null,"abstract":"Early life trauma has been shown to facilitate habitual behavior, which may predispose individuals toward perpetuating maladaptive behaviors. However, previous investigations did not account for other traumatic childhood experiences like racial/ethnic discrimination exposure, nor have they examined the interaction of trauma and habits on real-world adverse outcomes. To examine these effects, we recruited 96 young adults (20.06 ± 1.89 years old) in a study probing early life racial/ethnic discrimination influences on habitual learning, and the conjunctive influences of early life discrimination and habit on disordered eating and substance use. To measure habit responses, participants completed a noise avoidance task during which they responded to abstract stimuli via associated keyboard presses to avoid an aversive screaming sound, after which they performed a devaluation test to measure avoidance habit responses. Participants then completed a series of questionnaires examining early life racial/ethnic discrimination exposure, disordered eating and substance use, and other psychological characteristics. Hierarchical regression results showed that certain early life discrimination subtypes, particularly threat/aggression experienced due to racial/ethnic background, significantly predicted habitual responding above and beyond the effects of psychological confounds. Additionally, overall early life discrimination exposure positively predicted binge eating, but no variables of interest predicted alcohol and drug use. These results expand on extant literature showing the negative impacts of childhood stressors on behavioral control and real-world outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stress enhances memory for previously encoded events depending on stressor recall. 压力会增强对先前编码事件的记忆，这取决于对压力的回忆。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Print Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053987.124

Antonia Lilja, Guillen Fernandez, Lars Schwabe

{"title":"Stress enhances memory for previously encoded events depending on stressor recall.","authors":"Antonia Lilja, Guillen Fernandez, Lars Schwabe","doi":"10.1101/lm.053987.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053987.124","url":null,"abstract":"Stressful events are typically well remembered, but their effects on memory for surrounding neutral events and the underlying mechanisms remain less clear. We hypothesized that stress would enhance memory for events surrounding the stressor, contingent on the memory of the stressor itself. Additionally, we predicted that memory for neutral events would be modulated by pairing them with stressor-related cues. To test these hypotheses, 122 healthy participants encoded a series of images before and after experiencing a stressful or control episode. During encoding, images were preceded by cues from stressor or control contexts. Memory for the stress or control episode and the encoded images was tested 24 h later. Our results showed enhanced memory prioritization, reflected in better memory for central versus peripheral features, for the stressful compared to the control episode. Exposure to the stressful episode further enhanced memory for neutral images preceding the stressor. However, this memory boost occurred only in participants with enhanced memory prioritization for the stressor. Memory for stimuli encoded after the stressor remained unaffected, and there was no evidence for the proposed cueing mechanism. These findings indicate that stressful events enhance memory consolidation only when these events themselves are distinctly represented in memory.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"31 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142836942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social and nonsocial environmental loss have differential effects on ventral hippocampus-dependent behavior and inhibitory synaptic markers in adult male mice. 社会性和非社会性环境损失对成年雄性小鼠腹侧海马依赖行为和抑制性突触标记的影响不同

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Print Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053968.124

Isha R Gore, Casey J Brown, Renée C Waters, Elizabeth Gould

{"title":"Social and nonsocial environmental loss have differential effects on ventral hippocampus-dependent behavior and inhibitory synaptic markers in adult male mice.","authors":"Isha R Gore, Casey J Brown, Renée C Waters, Elizabeth Gould","doi":"10.1101/lm.053968.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053968.124","url":null,"abstract":"In humans, psychological loss, whether social or nonsocial, can lead to clinical depression, anxiety disorders, and social memory impairments. Researchers have modeled combined social and nonsocial loss in rodents by transitioning them from social, enriched environments (EE) to individual housing, affecting behaviors related to avoidance, stress coping, and cognitive function. However, it remains unclear if these effects are driven by social or nonsocial loss. We examined the effects of nonsocial loss by housing adult male mice in EE before moving them to standard cages, where they were pair-housed, and compared this to mice experiencing complete social loss. Continuous EE reduced social investigation time while leaving social memory intact, also decreasing avoidance behavior. Nonsocial loss restored social investigation and avoidance behavior to control levels, while social loss impaired social memory and increased avoidance. In rodents, social memory and avoidance require ventral hippocampus (vHIP) neuronal oscillations, which involve parvalbumin-positive (PV+) inhibitory interneurons. We found decreased vHIP PV intensity in the social loss group, with no differences in the nonsocial loss group. Most PV+ cells are surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs) concentrating GABAA receptors in their lattice-like holes. Social loss decreased GABAA-δ expression, a subunit associated with extrasynaptic receptors, across PNN+ soma and in PNN holes, while nonsocial loss reduced gephyrin in these regions. These findings suggest social and nonsocial losses differentially affect vHIP function and behavior, with social loss having a more pronounced impact through mechanisms involving PV+ interneurons, PNN structure, and neurotransmitter receptor expression.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"31 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142836883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optogenetic inhibition of the locus coeruleus blocks vagus nerve stimulation-induced enhancement of extinction of conditioned fear in rats. 蓝斑的光遗传抑制阻断迷走神经刺激诱导的大鼠条件恐惧消退的增强。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Print Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053958.124

Debora R Calderon-Williams, Rimenez Rodrigues de Souza, Ching T Tseng, Hervé Abdi, Alfredo Sandoval-Flores, Jonathan E Ploski, Catherine A Thorn, Christa K McIntyre

{"title":"Optogenetic inhibition of the locus coeruleus blocks vagus nerve stimulation-induced enhancement of extinction of conditioned fear in rats.","authors":"Debora R Calderon-Williams, Rimenez Rodrigues de Souza, Ching T Tseng, Hervé Abdi, Alfredo Sandoval-Flores, Jonathan E Ploski, Catherine A Thorn, Christa K McIntyre","doi":"10.1101/lm.053958.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053958.124","url":null,"abstract":"Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a therapeutic intervention previously shown to enhance fear extinction in rats. VNS is approved for use in humans for the treatment of epilepsy, depression, and stroke, and it is currently under investigation as an adjuvant to exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD. However, the mechanisms by which VNS enhances extinction of conditioned fear remain unresolved. VNS increases norepinephrine levels in extinction-related pathways, but recent studies indicate that norepinephrine release from the locus coeruleus interferes with extinction learning. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the role of the locus coeruleus (LC) in VNS-enhanced fear extinction. Adult male and female tyrosine hydroxylase (Th)-Cre rats were implanted with a stimulating cuff electrode around the left cervical vagus nerve, and a Cre-dependent viral vector expressing the inhibitory opsin ArchT3.0 was infused bilaterally into the LC. Rats then underwent auditory fear conditioning followed by extinction training. During extinction training, rats were divided into four treatment groups: Sham stimulation, Sham with LC inhibition, VNS, and VNS with LC inhibition. Consistent with previous findings, VNS treatment during extinction training significantly reduced freezing 24 h and 2 weeks later. This effect was blocked by optogenetic LC inhibition, suggesting that VNS enhances extinction by engaging the LC.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"31 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142836865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotional intensity produces a linear relationship on conditioned learning but an inverted U-shaped effect on episodic memory. 情绪强度对条件学习的影响呈线性关系，对情景记忆的影响呈倒u型关系。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Print Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053982.124

Lingwei Ouyang, Joseph E Dunsmoor

{"title":"Emotional intensity produces a linear relationship on conditioned learning but an inverted U-shaped effect on episodic memory.","authors":"Lingwei Ouyang, Joseph E Dunsmoor","doi":"10.1101/lm.053982.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053982.124","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional intensity can produce both optimal and suboptimal effects on learning and memory. While emotional events tend to be better remembered, memory performance can follow an inverted U-shaped curve with increasing intensity. The strength of Pavlovian conditioning tends to increase linearly with the intensity of the aversive outcome, but leads to greater stimulus generalization. Here, we combined elements of episodic memory and Pavlovian conditioning into a single paradigm to investigate the effects of varying outcome intensities on conditioned fear responses and episodic memory. Participants encoded trial-unique images from two semantic categories as conditioned stimuli (CS+ and CS-) before (preconditioning), during, and after (extinction) acquisition. We systematically varied the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus (US) during acquisition between-groups as a nonaversive tone, a low-intensity electrical shock, or a high-intensity electrical shock paired with a loud static noise. Results showed that conditioned skin conductance responses scaled linearly with US intensity during acquisition, with a high-intensity US leading to greater resistance to extinction and stronger 24 h fear recovery. However, 24 h recognition memory produced an inverted U-shaped relationship, with better recognition memory for CSs encoded before (retroactive), during, and following conditioning using a low-intensity US. These findings suggest a dissociation between optimal levels of emotional intensity on explicit and implicit learning and memory performance.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"31 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High and low current perceived stress associated with enhanced emotional mnemonic discrimination. 当前感知到的高压力和低压力与情绪记忆辨别力增强有关。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Print Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053989.124

Rishi Vas, Taylor Phillips, Lorena A Ferguson, Amritha Harikumar, Madelyn Castro, Stephanie L Leal

{"title":"High and low current perceived stress associated with enhanced emotional mnemonic discrimination.","authors":"Rishi Vas, Taylor Phillips, Lorena A Ferguson, Amritha Harikumar, Madelyn Castro, Stephanie L Leal","doi":"10.1101/lm.053989.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053989.124","url":null,"abstract":"Stress can have profound impacts on memory. However, the directionality of stress effects on memory varies widely across studies, some showing enhancement while others showing impairment. This variability has been attributed to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, which proposes a U-shaped pattern such that too little or too much stress may be associated with cognitive dysfunction. The impact of stress on memory may also depend on what aspects of memory are being measured (e.g., emotional content, gist vs. detail) and how stress is measured (e.g., physiological measures, self-report). Here, we aimed to examine how self-reported perceived stress in the current moment was associated with memory performance. We used an emotional memory task designed to tap into potential gist versus detail trade-offs of stress impacting memory (e.g., target recognition, lure discrimination). Participants (ages 18-35) reported their current level of perceived stress. We replicated prior work showing impaired emotional relative to neutral lure discrimination in young adults in support of a gist versus detail trade-off in emotional memory. However, those with low and high current perceived stress showed better emotional lure discrimination compared to those with moderate current perceived stress. These results are in line with the Yerkes-Dodson Law but suggest that the directionality of the impact of stress on memory may depend on the type of memory measured. Low and high current perceived stress was associated with greater detailed memory, especially for emotional information, which may be maladaptive given gist vs. detail trade-offs in emotional memory.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"31 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142836473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shaping behaviors through social experience and their proposed sensitivity to stress. 通过社会经验塑造行为及其对压力的敏感性。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Print Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053926.124

J Amiel Rosenkranz

引用次数: 0