Learning & memory最新文献

The influence of categorical stimuli on relational memory binding. 分类刺激对关系记忆约束力的影响。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-10-31 Print Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054006.124

Hillary Schwarb, Michael Dulas, Neal Cohen

{"title":"The influence of categorical stimuli on relational memory binding.","authors":"Hillary Schwarb, Michael Dulas, Neal Cohen","doi":"10.1101/lm.054006.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.054006.124","url":null,"abstract":"Binding of arbitrary information into distinct memory representations that can be used to guide behavior is a hallmark of relational memory. What is and is not bound into a memory representation and how those things influence the organization of that representation remain topics of interest. While some information is intentionally and effortfully bound-often the information that is consistent with task goals or expectations about what information may be required later-other information appears to be bound automatically. The present set of experiments sought to investigate whether spatial memory would be systematically influenced by the presence and absence of distinct categories of stimuli on a spatial reconstruction task. In this task, participants must learn multiple item-location bindings and place each item back in its studied location after a short delay. Across three experiments, participants made significantly more within-category errors (i.e., misassigning one item to the location of a different item from the same category) than between-category errors (i.e., misassigning one item to the location of an item from a different category) when categories were perceptually or semantically distinct. These data reveal that category information contributed to the organization of the memory representation and influenced spatial reconstruction performance. Together, these results suggest that categorical information can influence memory organization, and not always to the benefit of overall task performance.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dysregulating mTORC1-4E-BP2 signaling in GABAergic interneurons impairs hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. GABA能中间神经元中的mTORC1-4E-BP2信号失调会损害海马依赖性学习和记忆。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-10-28 Print Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054018.124

Ziying Huang, Shane Wiebe, Anmol Nagpal, Junghyun Choi, Caleb Walters, Niaz Mahmood, Arkady Khoutorsky, Jean-Claude Lacaille, Nahum Sonenberg

{"title":"Dysregulating mTORC1-4E-BP2 signaling in GABAergic interneurons impairs hippocampus-dependent learning and memory.","authors":"Ziying Huang, Shane Wiebe, Anmol Nagpal, Junghyun Choi, Caleb Walters, Niaz Mahmood, Arkady Khoutorsky, Jean-Claude Lacaille, Nahum Sonenberg","doi":"10.1101/lm.054018.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054018.124","url":null,"abstract":"Memory formation is contingent on molecular and structural changes in neurons in response to learning stimuli-a process known as neuronal plasticity. The initiation step of mRNA translation is a gatekeeper of long-term memory by controlling the production of plasticity-related proteins in the brain. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) controls mRNA translation, mainly through phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding proteins (4E-BPs) and ribosomal protein S6 kinases (S6Ks). mTORC1 signaling decreases throughout brain development, starting from the early postnatal period. Here, we discovered that in mice, the age-dependent decrease in mTORC1 signaling occurs selectively in excitatory but not inhibitory neurons. Using a gene conditional knockout (cKO) strategy, we demonstrate that either up- or downregulating the mTORC1-4E-BP2 axis in GAD65 inhibitory interneurons, but not excitatory neurons, results in long-term object recognition and object location memory deficits. Our data indicate that the mTORC1 pathway in inhibitory but not excitatory neurons plays a key role in memory formation.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reactivation-dependent transfer of fear memory between contexts requires M1 muscarinic receptor stimulation in dorsal hippocampus of male rats. 雄性大鼠海马背侧的恐惧记忆在不同情境间的转移需要M1毒蕈碱受体的刺激。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-10-09 Print Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054039.124

Karim H Abouelnaga, Andrew E Huff, Kristen H Jardine, Olivia S O'Neill, Boyer D Winters

{"title":"Reactivation-dependent transfer of fear memory between contexts requires M1 muscarinic receptor stimulation in dorsal hippocampus of male rats.","authors":"Karim H Abouelnaga, Andrew E Huff, Kristen H Jardine, Olivia S O'Neill, Boyer D Winters","doi":"10.1101/lm.054039.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054039.124","url":null,"abstract":"Memory updating is essential for integrating new information into existing representations. However, this process could become maladaptive in conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), when fear memories generalize to neutral contexts. Previously, we have shown that contextual fear memory malleability in rats requires activation of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the dorsal hippocampus. Here, we investigated the involvement of this mechanism in the transfer of contextual fear memories to other contexts using a novel fear memory updating paradigm. Following brief reexposure to a previously fear conditioned context, male rats (n = 8-10/group) were placed into a neutral context to evaluate the transfer of fear memory. We also infused the selective M1 receptor antagonist pirenzepine into the dorsal hippocampus before memory reactivation to try to block this effect. Results support the hypothesis that fear memory can be updated with novel contextual information, but only if rats are reexposed to the originally trained context relatively recently before the neutral context; evidence for transfer was not seen if the fear memory reactivation was omitted or if it occurred 6 h before neutral context exposure. The transferred fear persisted for 4 weeks, and the effect was blocked by M1 antagonism. These findings strongly suggest that fear transfer requires reactivation and destabilization of the original fear memory. The novel preclinical model introduced here, and its implication of muscarinic receptors in this process, could therefore inform therapeutic strategies for PTSD and similar conditions.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Domain-selective and sex-dependent regulation of learning and memory in mice by GIRK channel activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the dorsal hippocampus. 海马背侧 CA1 锥体神经元 GIRK 通道活性对小鼠学习和记忆的领域选择性和性别依赖性调控

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Print Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054022.124

Haichang Luo, McKinzie Frederick, Ezequiel Marron Fernandez de Velasco, Jenna Osterlund Oltmanns, Courtney Wright, Kevin Wickman

引用次数: 0

Sex and the facilitation of cued fear by prior contextual fear conditioning in rats. 大鼠的性别与先前情境恐惧条件反射对诱发恐惧的促进作用

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-09-26 Print Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054010.124

Katherine Vazquez, Kehinde E Cole, Ryan G Parsons

{"title":"Sex and the facilitation of cued fear by prior contextual fear conditioning in rats.","authors":"Katherine Vazquez, Kehinde E Cole, Ryan G Parsons","doi":"10.1101/lm.054010.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054010.124","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have shown that the formation of new memories can be influenced by prior experience. This includes work using Pavlovian fear conditioning in rodents that has shown that an initial fear conditioning experience can become associated with and facilitate the acquisition of new fear memories, especially when they occur close together in time. However, most of the prior studies used only males as subjects, resulting in questions about the generalizability of the findings from this work. Here we tested whether prior contextual fear conditioning would facilitate later learning of cued fear conditioning in both male and female rats, and if there were differences based on the interval between the two conditioning episodes. Our results showed that levels of cued fear were not influenced by prior contextual fear conditioning or by the interval between training; however, females showed lower levels of cued fear. Freezing behavior in the initial training context differed by sex, with females showing lower levels of contextual fear, and by the type of initial training, with rats given delayed shock showing higher levels of fear than rats given immediate shock during contextual fear conditioning. These results indicate that contextual fear conditioning does not prime subsequent cued fear conditioning and that female rats express lower levels of cued and contextual fear conditioning than males.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High stakes slow responding, but do not help overcome Pavlovian biases in humans 高风险会减慢反应速度，但无助于克服人类的巴甫洛夫偏差

IF 2 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054017.124

Johannes Algermissen, Hanneke E.M. den Ouden

{"title":"High stakes slow responding, but do not help overcome Pavlovian biases in humans","authors":"Johannes Algermissen, Hanneke E.M. den Ouden","doi":"10.1101/lm.054017.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.054017.124","url":null,"abstract":"“Pavlovian” or “motivational” biases are the phenomenon that the valence of prospective outcomes modulates action invigoration: the prospect of reward invigorates actions, while the prospect of punishment suppresses actions. Effects of the valence of prospective outcomes are well established, but it remains unclear how the magnitude of outcomes (“stake magnitude”) modulates these biases. In this preregistered study (N = 55), we manipulated stake magnitude (high vs. low) in an orthogonalized Motivational Go/NoGo Task. We tested whether higher stakes (a) strengthen biases or (b) elicit cognitive control recruitment, enhancing the suppression of biases in motivationally incongruent conditions. Confirmatory tests showed that high stakes slowed down responding, especially in motivationally incongruent conditions. However, high stakes did not affect whether a response was made or not, and did not change the magnitude of Pavlovian biases. Reinforcement-learning drift-diffusion models (RL-DDMs) fit to the data suggested that response slowing was best captured by stakes prolonging the non-decision time. There was no effect of the stakes on the response threshold (as in typical speed-accuracy trade-offs). In sum, these results suggest that high stakes slow down responses without affecting the expression of Pavlovian biases in behavior. We speculate that this slowing under high stakes might reflect heightened cognitive control, which is however ineffectively used, or reflect positive conditioned suppression, i.e., the interference between goal-directed and consummatory behaviors, a phenomenon previously observed in rodents that might also exist in humans. Pavlovian biases and slowing under high stakes may arise in parallel to each other.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding Arc transcription: a live-cell study of stimulation patterns and transcriptional output 解码弧转录：刺激模式和转录输出的活细胞研究

IF 2 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054024.124

Dong Wook Kim, Hyungseok C. Moon, Byung Hun Lee, Hye Yoon Park

{"title":"Decoding Arc transcription: a live-cell study of stimulation patterns and transcriptional output","authors":"Dong Wook Kim, Hyungseok C. Moon, Byung Hun Lee, Hye Yoon Park","doi":"10.1101/lm.054024.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.054024.124","url":null,"abstract":"Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity, a process integral to learning and memory. Arc transcription is induced within a few minutes of stimulation, making it a useful marker for neuronal activity. However, the specific neuronal activity patterns that initiate Arc transcription have remained elusive due to the inability to observe mRNA transcription in live cells in real time. Using a genetically encoded RNA indicator (GERI) mouse model that expresses endogenous Arc mRNA tagged with multiple GFPs, we investigated Arc transcriptional activity in response to various electrical field stimulation patterns. The GERI mouse model was generated by crossing the Arc-PBS knock-in mouse, engineered with binding sites in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of Arc mRNA, and the transgenic mouse expressing the cognate binding protein fused to GFP. In dissociated hippocampal neurons, we found that the pattern of stimulation significantly affects Arc transcription. Specifically, theta-burst stimulation consisting of high-frequency (100 Hz) bursts delivered at 10 Hz frequency induced the highest rate of Arc transcription. Concurrently, the amplitudes of nuclear calcium transients also reached their peak with 10 Hz burst stimulation, indicating a correlation between calcium concentration and transcription. However, our dual-color single-cell imaging revealed that there were no significant differences in calcium amplitudes between Arc-positive and Arc-negative neurons upon 10 Hz burst stimulation, suggesting the involvement of other factors in the induction of Arc transcription. Our live-cell RNA imaging provides a deeper insight into the complex regulation of transcription by activity patterns and calcium signaling pathways.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safety signals reinforce instrumental avoidance in humans 安全信号会强化人类的工具回避行为

IF 2 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053914.123

Courteney T.L. Fisher, Gonzalo P. Urcelay

{"title":"Safety signals reinforce instrumental avoidance in humans","authors":"Courteney T.L. Fisher, Gonzalo P. Urcelay","doi":"10.1101/lm.053914.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.053914.123","url":null,"abstract":"Safety signals reinforce instrumental avoidance behavior in nonhuman animals. However, there are no conclusive demonstrations of this phenomenon in humans. Using human participants in an avoidance task, Experiments 1–3 and 5 were conducted online to assess the reinforcing properties of safety signals, and Experiment 4 was conducted in the laboratory. Participants were trained with CSs+ and CSs–, and they could avoid an aversive outcome during presentations of the CSs+ by pressing their space bar at a specific time. If successful, the aversive outcome was not presented but instead a safety signal was. Participants were then tested—whilst on extinction—with two new ambiguous test CSs. If participants made an avoidance response, one of the test CSs produced the trained safety signal and the other was a control. In Experiments 1 and 4, the control was followed by no signal. In Experiment 2, the control was followed by a signal that differed in one dimension (color) with the trained safety signal, and in Experiment 3, the control differed in two dimensions (shape and color) from the trained safety signal. Experiment 5 tested the reinforcing properties of the safety signal using a choice procedure and a new response during test. We observed that participants made more avoidance responses to the ambiguous test CSs when followed by the trained signal in Experiments 1, 3, 4, and 5 (but not in Experiment 2). Overall, these results suggest that trained safety signals can reinforce avoidance behavior in humans.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Connecting self-report and instrumental behavior during incubation of food craving in humans. 将人类食物渴求潜伏期的自我报告和工具行为联系起来。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Print Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053869.123

Nicholas A Ruiz, Devlin Eckardt, Lisa A Briand, Mathieu Wimmer, Vishnu P Murty

引用次数: 0

Network motifs exhibiting a differential response to spaced and massed inputs. 网络图案对间隔输入和大量输入表现出不同的反应。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2024-07-29 Print Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054012.124

Ashley Sreejan, Priyanka Saxena, Chetan J Gadgil

{"title":"Network motifs exhibiting a differential response to spaced and massed inputs.","authors":"Ashley Sreejan, Priyanka Saxena, Chetan J Gadgil","doi":"10.1101/lm.054012.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054012.124","url":null,"abstract":"One characteristic of long-term memory is the existence of an inverted U-shaped response to increasing intervals between training sessions, and consequently, an optimal spacing that maximizes memory formation. Current models of this spacing effect focus on specific molecular components and their interactions. Here, we computationally study the underlying network architecture, in particular, the potential of motif dynamics in qualitatively capturing the spacing effect in a manner that is independent of the animal model, biomolecular components, and the timescales involved. We define a common training and test protocol, and computationally identify network topologies that can qualitatively replicate the experimentally observed characteristics of the spacing effect. For 41 motifs derived from fundamental network architectures such as autoregulation, feedback, and feedforward motifs, we tested their capacity to manifest the spacing effect in terms of an inverted U-shaped response curve, using different combinations of stimulation protocols, response metrics, and kinetic parameters. Our findings indicate that positive feedback motifs where the stimulus enhances conversion reaction in the loop replicate the spacing effect across all response metrics, while feedforward motifs exhibit a metric-specific spacing effect. For some parameter combinations, linear cascades of activation and conversion reactions were found sufficient to qualitatively exhibit spacing effect characteristics.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0