Learning & memory最新文献

Using a socially enriched environment test to evaluate the effects of different therapeutic approaches on social behavior in a mouse model of social anxiety disorder. 使用社交富集环境测试来评估不同治疗方法对社交焦虑障碍小鼠模型社交行为的影响。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-05-02 Print Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054041.124

Zineb Boudjafad, Chaima Ihsan, Ilias Chaibi, Fatima-Zahra Lamghari Moubarrad, Mohamed Bennis, René Garcia, Saadia Ba-M'hamed

{"title":"Using a socially enriched environment test to evaluate the effects of different therapeutic approaches on social behavior in a mouse model of social anxiety disorder.","authors":"Zineb Boudjafad, Chaima Ihsan, Ilias Chaibi, Fatima-Zahra Lamghari Moubarrad, Mohamed Bennis, René Garcia, Saadia Ba-M'hamed","doi":"10.1101/lm.054041.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.054041.124","url":null,"abstract":"Social anxiety disorder (SAD) stands as a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by the apprehension of scrutiny and embarrassment in social settings, leading to anxiety symptoms, avoidance behaviors, and impaired social and occupational functioning. Despite the efficacy of various evidence-based treatments, a substantial portion of patients remain unresponsive. In this study, we used the socially enriched environment test (SEE, developed in our laboratory) to assess behaviors associated with social anxiety disorder after intervention, using various therapeutic strategies. We tested, in male mice, the effects of acute oxytocin injection, behavioral extinction, and high-frequency stimulation of the infralimbic (IL) cortex on social anxiety induced by a social fear conditioning paradigm. The SEE test revealed three behavioral changes, including reduced social interaction, reduced collective object exploration, and increased freezing behavior. Oxytocin and high-frequency stimulation of the IL cortex affected all these behavioral changes, while extinction training affected two (social interaction and freezing behavior). In conclusion, the SEE test is a reliable tool for exploring social anxiety behaviors in mice. Moreover, it can be used to evaluate different therapeutic approaches, providing valuable information on innovative therapeutic strategies for the effective treatment of SAD.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of the parahippocampal cortex in memory consolidation for scenes. 海马旁皮层在情景记忆巩固中的作用。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-05-02 Print Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054053.124

Weizhen Xie, Susan G Wardle, Jenna Langbein, Oceane Fruchet, Molly Baumhauer, Audrey Phan, Ai Phuong Tong, Shruti Japee, Sara K Inati, Chris I Baker, Kareem A Zaghloul

{"title":"The role of the parahippocampal cortex in memory consolidation for scenes.","authors":"Weizhen Xie, Susan G Wardle, Jenna Langbein, Oceane Fruchet, Molly Baumhauer, Audrey Phan, Ai Phuong Tong, Shruti Japee, Sara K Inati, Chris I Baker, Kareem A Zaghloul","doi":"10.1101/lm.054053.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.054053.124","url":null,"abstract":"Classic models propose that forming lasting visual memories involves coordinated interactions between visually selective neocortical structures and the hippocampus during memory consolidation. However, the precise role of visually selective neocortical structures in memory consolidation remains elusive, given their potential contributions spanning from initial perceptual encoding to subsequent memory reactivation. We capitalized on a unique opportunity, involving direct recording from the posterior parahippocampus and its subsequent resection in a neurological patient, to investigate the impact of scene-selective neocortical lesions on visual memory consolidation. First, with intracranial EEG, we confirmed the functional relevance of the patient's resected tissues in representing a specific visual category, in this case, scene images. Subsequently, we identified disruption of memory for scenes relative to faces and objects during the participant's postoperative visit. This finding prompted a comprehensive analysis of visual memory across different visual categories in this participant, as well as an examination of similar functions in other neurological patients with intact parahippocampi and a cohort of online participants. Through these within- and between-participant comparisons, we identified greater time-dependent reduction in visual memory for scene images following the resection of the posterior parahippocampus. Importantly, these changes in memory retention could not be attributed to a general reduction in initial memory encoding following neocortical lesions. Our findings, therefore, suggest that reactivating scene-selective neocortical areas is essential for converting transient visual perceptual experiences into lasting long-term scene memories.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medial septal theta stimulation enhances spatial working memory performance in rats. 内隔刺激提高大鼠空间工作记忆能力。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-04-10 Print Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054075.124

Zachary M Gemzik, Amy L Griffin

引用次数: 0

Decreases in H2A monoubiquitination in the amygdala constrain fear memory formation. 杏仁核中H2A单泛素化的减少抑制了恐惧记忆的形成。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-03-18 Print Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054092.125

Yeeun Bae, Harshini Venkat, Natalie Preveza, Meagan Turner, Timothy J Jarome

引用次数: 0

Behavioral microanalyses refine sign-tracking characterization and uncover different response dynamics during omission and extinction learning. 行为微观分析细化了符号跟踪表征，揭示了遗漏和消失学习过程中不同的反应动力学。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-03-07 Print Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054065.124

Erica S Townsend, Kyle S Smith

{"title":"Behavioral microanalyses refine sign-tracking characterization and uncover different response dynamics during omission and extinction learning.","authors":"Erica S Townsend, Kyle S Smith","doi":"10.1101/lm.054065.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054065.124","url":null,"abstract":"Sign-tracking, a conditioned response in which animals engage with reward-predictive cues, is a powerful behavioral tool for assessing Pavlovian motivation. In rodents, it is most frequently studied via automatic readouts, such as deflections of levers that act as reward cues. These readouts have been immensely helpful, but they may not be ideal for some tasks and paradigms. For example, animals can show a range of sign-tracking responses to a lever cue that do not result in lever deflection, and a reduction in deflections when animals are exposed to an omission contingency (i.e., when lever deflection cancels reward) hides the fact that the animals are still sign-tracking in other ways. Here, we analyzed the behavior of sign-tracking animals through both video monitoring and automatic task readouts in Pavlovian conditioning. This analysis aided in the classification of sign-tracking animals and revealed that lever deflections do not result from any identifiable pattern of sign-tracking. We then used omission and extinction procedures to unmask detailed behavior changes that can only be detected with video data. Automated readouts showed similar reductions of lever deflection in both task conditions. However, detailed behavioral analysis revealed quite distinct behavioral adaptations to these conditions with sign-tracking decreasing entirely during extinction while many sign-tracking behaviors (biting, sniffing, etc.) seemed to remain persistent during omission despite the decrease in deflections. Detailed behavioral analysis was thus critical for capturing sign-tracking maintenance, persistence, and loss.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overexpression of the Apoe gene in the frontal cortex of mice causes sex-dependent changes in learning, attention, and anxiety-like behavior. 小鼠额叶皮层中Apoe基因的过度表达会导致学习、注意力和焦虑样行为的性别依赖性变化。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-03-07 Print Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054064.124

Lizbeth Ramos, Abigail E Harr, Finian L Zakas, Samuel R Essig, Griffen J Kempskie, Nelly A Fadil, Makayla G Schmid, Madison D Pompy, Michael C Curley, Lisa A Gabel, Henry L Hallock

{"title":"Overexpression of the Apoe gene in the frontal cortex of mice causes sex-dependent changes in learning, attention, and anxiety-like behavior.","authors":"Lizbeth Ramos, Abigail E Harr, Finian L Zakas, Samuel R Essig, Griffen J Kempskie, Nelly A Fadil, Makayla G Schmid, Madison D Pompy, Michael C Curley, Lisa A Gabel, Henry L Hallock","doi":"10.1101/lm.054064.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054064.124","url":null,"abstract":"Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a protein that is important for lipid storage, transport, and metabolism. APOE gene variants are associated with Alzheimer's disease, as well as attentional function in healthy humans. Previous research has shown that Apoe transcription is increased following stimulation of the pathway between the locus coeruleus (LC) and frontal cortex (FC) in mice. This result suggests that Apoe may affect attentional function by virtue of its expression in circuits that control attention. Does Apoe causally regulate attention, or is its expression simply a byproduct of neuronal activity in the LC and FC? To answer this question, we synthetically induced Apoe transcription in the FC of male and female mice, and subsequently tested their ability to learn a touchscreen-based rodent version of the continuous performance test of sustained attention (the rCPT). We found that increased Apoe transcription impaired performance when attentional demand was increased in male mice, while in female mice, increased Apoe transcription significantly accelerated rCPT learning. We further found that this increase in Apoe transcription affected one metric of the open field test, as well as cellular activity in the FC in a sex-dependent manner. The results of this study provide insight into how Apoe causally regulates translationally relevant behaviors in rodent models.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large-scale study of human memory for meaningful narratives. 大规模研究人类对有意义叙述的记忆。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-02-21 Print Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054043.124

Antonios Georgiou, Tankut Can, Mikhail Katkov, Misha Tsodyks

{"title":"Large-scale study of human memory for meaningful narratives.","authors":"Antonios Georgiou, Tankut Can, Mikhail Katkov, Misha Tsodyks","doi":"10.1101/lm.054043.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054043.124","url":null,"abstract":"The statistical study of human memory requires large-scale experiments, involving many stimulus conditions and test subjects. While this approach has proven to be quite fruitful for meaningless material such as random lists of words, naturalistic stimuli, like narratives, have until now resisted such a large-scale study, due to the quantity of manual labor required to design and analyze such experiments. In this work, we develop a pipeline that uses large language models (LLMs) both to design naturalistic narrative stimuli for large-scale recall and recognition memory experiments, as well as to analyze the results. We performed online memory experiments with a large number of participants and collected recognition and recall data for narratives of different sizes. We found that both recall and recognition performance scale linearly with narrative length; however, for longer narratives, people tend to summarize the content rather than recalling precise details. To investigate the role of narrative comprehension in memory, we repeated these experiments using scrambled versions of the narratives. Although recall performance declined significantly, recognition remained largely unaffected. Recalls in this condition seem to follow the original narrative order rather than the actual scrambled presentation, pointing to a contextual reconstruction of the story in memory. Finally, using LLM text embeddings, we construct a simple measure for each clause based on semantic similarity to the whole narrative, that shows a strong correlation with recall probability. Overall, our work demonstrates the power of LLMs in accessing new regimes in the study of human memory, as well as suggesting novel psychologically informed benchmarks for LLM performance.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No effect of partial reinforcement on fear extinction learning and memory in C57BL/6J mice. 部分强化对 C57BL/6J 小鼠的恐惧消退学习和记忆没有影响。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-02-21 Print Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054033.124

Chi Jiun Su, Yuichi Fukunaga, Suzanne Penna, Victor Alexis Cazares

{"title":"No effect of partial reinforcement on fear extinction learning and memory in C57BL/6J mice.","authors":"Chi Jiun Su, Yuichi Fukunaga, Suzanne Penna, Victor Alexis Cazares","doi":"10.1101/lm.054033.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054033.124","url":null,"abstract":"Partial reinforcement schedules, wherein a conditioned stimulus (CS) is intermittently paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) during associative learning, have been widely studied and found to affect the extinction and recall of learned behaviors. Notably, behaviors conditioned under partial (as opposed to consistent) reinforcement are more resistant to extinction, an effect known as the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE). The present study initially aimed to examine the effects of partial reinforcement on the acquisition and recall of fear extinction (FE) when altering the contextual environment. However, our systematic investigation of partial reinforcement using C57BL/6J mice challenges the well-established PREE within the domain of FE learning. Across multiple experimental setups altering CS duration, US intensity, and reinforcement schedules, we consistently found no significant impact of partial reinforcement on the acquisition, consolidation, or recall of FE. Mice exhibited similar patterns of extinction and spontaneous recovery of conditioned fear responses regardless of reinforcement schedule. These findings suggest that partial reinforcement during fear acquisition may not confer resistance to extinction of conditioned freezing, challenging the established understanding of the PREE and prompting a reexamination of how reinforcement schedules affect learning and memory of fear-related behaviors.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Goal orientation shifts attentional focus and impairs reward-motivated memory. 目标导向会转移注意力，损害奖励动机记忆。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-02-18 Print Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054020.124

Lena J Skalaban, Allison L Neeson, Troy M Houser, Sarah DuBrow, Lila Davachi, Vishnu P Murty

{"title":"Goal orientation shifts attentional focus and impairs reward-motivated memory.","authors":"Lena J Skalaban, Allison L Neeson, Troy M Houser, Sarah DuBrow, Lila Davachi, Vishnu P Murty","doi":"10.1101/lm.054020.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054020.124","url":null,"abstract":"While motivation typically enhances memory, some studies show that, in certain contexts, motivation associated with rewards can impair memory. Goal states associated with motivation can impact attention, which in turn influences what information is encoded and later remembered. There is limited research on how different incentive contexts, which manipulate attentional orientation to memoranda, lead to either reward-motivated memory enhancements or impairments in item and relational memory. Here, we test how different reward-motivated states may narrow or broaden attention with downstream consequences on memoranda. In study 1, giving participants a rewarded timed goal during visual search impaired both their item and relational memory relative to un-timed participants who were simply told that they would be rewarded for searching regardless of speed (despite having equated time). In study 2, we show that giving participants an elaborative goal after visual search completion remediates item and relational memory deficits in the Feedback group. Finally, in study 3, we show that elaborative processing of target items during visual search resulted in reward-motivated memory benefits for the item, but not relational memory for the context in which the item was encoded. Together, these findings support a model where the goal-relevant alterations in attentional breadth to reward may ultimately filter what information is remembered or forgotten.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration of conditioned threat with pre-existing memories. 条件威胁与预先存在的记忆的整合。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Learning & memory Pub Date : 2025-02-04 Print Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054019.124

Olivier T de Vries, Merel Kindt, Vanessa A van Ast

{"title":"Integration of conditioned threat with pre-existing memories.","authors":"Olivier T de Vries, Merel Kindt, Vanessa A van Ast","doi":"10.1101/lm.054019.124","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054019.124","url":null,"abstract":"How does negative affect spread through existing memories? Whereas many studies have investigated generalization of learned threat responses across perceptual and semantic dimensions, little attention has been given to the possibility that Pavlovian threat responses may spread beyond what is directly learned to previously encoded memories that overlap in content. Here, we increased the demand on associative memory in a modified sensory preconditioning task to investigate this. First, participants encoded 40 unique episodes, each consisting of two neutral stimuli. On the following day, one of each pair was newly associated with either an aversive or a neutral stimulus. Another day later, both stimuli of the original memories were found to trigger enhanced pupil dilation if one was indirectly linked to an aversive stimulus. This effect was independent of whether the associations encoded on day 1 were accurately retained on the day of testing, and confined to trials on which the indirectly associated stimulus was consciously brought to mind, suggesting the formation of a link that directly connects preconditioned stimuli to subsequently learned aversive outcomes. The present study demonstrates that the human defensive system is remarkably adept at quickly anticipating threat based on information acquired over separate events, and gives a first glimpse into the associative structures that enable this ability.","PeriodicalId":18003,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0