Lasers in Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"The simultaneous protective effect of photobiomodulation on root resorption while accelerating orthodontic tooth movement in rats.","authors":"Lin Kong, Ke Zhang, Fei Liu, Ying Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04652-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04652-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) while accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), and explore the possible role of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) during this process. Thirty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (A1-A5). The right upper first molars (UM1s) were assigned as PBM side (P), receiving different energy densities of PBM: A1-P (3.3 J/cm²); A2-P (5 J/cm²); A3-P (6.7 J/cm²); A4-P (8.3 J/cm²); A5-P (10 J/cm²). A diode laser (650 nm, 30 mW) with 0.09 cm² beam area was used to irradiate right UM1s at three points (the mesial, buccal and palatal sides) over the root and the irradiation time per point was 10 s in group A1, 15 s in group A2, 20 s in group A3, 25 s in group A4 and 30 s in group A5. The left UM1s were split-mouth control side. Bilateral UM1s were moved mesially by 50 g force for 14 days. The amount of OTM, root length (RL), total root resorption volume (T-RRV), RRV of compression zone (RRV-CZ) and RRV of tension zone (RRV-TZ) were evaluated by micro-CT, and CAP expression level of PDLSCs was analyzed by IHC staining. Groups of 5 and 6.7 J/cm² achieved significant accelerated orthodontic tooth movement (AOTM). There was no significant difference of RL, T-RRV and RRV-CZ between PBM and control sides. PBM irradiation at 5-10 J/cm² significantly reduced RRV-TZ. Moreover, the 6.7 J/cm² group achieved the largest AOTM efficiency and showed the highest reduction rate in decreasing RRV-TZ. The expression level of CAP was significantly higher on PBM side than that on control side in both compression and tension zones. Diode laser (650 nm, 30 mW) of 5-10 J/cm² had a protective effect on orthodontic tooth root by upregulating the cementoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs. Particularly, diode laser of 6.7 J/cm² exhibited the best efficiency in preventing OIRR of tension zone while accelerating OTM.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of photobiomodulation in asthma: an integrative and critical review of preclinical and clinical evidence.","authors":"Marlon da Palma Cruz, Vanessa de Souza, Isadora Mechenas, José Antonio Silva Júnior, Stella Regina Zamuner, Rodrigo Labat Marcos, Maria Cristina Chavantes, Renata Kelly da Palma, Flavio Aimbire, Ana Paula Ligeiro de Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04645-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04645-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, affecting approximately 300 million people worldwide and generating a high socioeconomic burden. Despite advances in pharmacological therapies, therapeutic gaps remain, especially in corticosteroid-refractory phenotypes. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a potential adjuvant due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. This integrative review critically analyzed experimental, clinical, and in vitro studies published between 2017 and 2025. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria: seven in animals, one clinical trial, and one in vitro. In animal models, PBM consistently reduced pulmonary inflammation, airway remodeling, and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), while increasing IL-10. The in vitro study confirmed these effects and demonstrated superiority over dexamethasone in corticosteroid-resistant markers such as IL-21 and IL-23. However, the only randomized trial in humans, limited by a small sample size and single-session design, found no significant improvements in muscle function or systemic inflammation. Taken together, the evidence supports the biological plausibility of PBM but highlights the gap between experimental results and clinical application. Future trials should adopt standardized dosimetric parameters, longer interventions, and clinically relevant outcomes, including lung function, exacerbation frequency, and corticosteroid dependence, to clarify the therapeutic role of PBM in asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"High-intensity laser therapy can improve pain, health status and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia: a single blinded-randomized controlled trial\".","authors":"Emine Esra Bilir","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04638-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04638-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effects of continuous and pulsed blue light for reduction of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms.","authors":"Emad Kosarieh, Sahar Sattari Khavas, Nasim Chiniforush, Shima Afrasiabi","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04663-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04663-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mature biofilms exhibited minimal antimicrobial susceptibility. This study compares the decontamination effect of 450 nm continuous wave (CW) and pulsed wave (PW) blue diode laser with two different photosensitizers (curcumin and riboflavin) against mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilm model. Four irradiation parameter sets A (CW, peak power 0.4 W, and average fluence of 24 J/cm²), B (PW, duty cycle (DC) 50%, peak power 0.8 W, and average fluence of 24 J/cm²), C (CW, peak power 0.5 W, and average fluence of 30 J/cm²), and D (PW, DC 50%, peak power 1.0 W, and average fluence of 30 J/cm²) were used. The results showed that all irradiation parameters achieved a significant bacterial reduction compared to the control (p < 0.001). However, PW showed a more pronounced reduction effect than CW, with the difference being particularly marked at an average fluence of 30 J/cm². Curcumin or riboflavin without 450 nm blue diode laser irradiation had no antimicrobial effect (p > 0.05). PW light has the potential to improve the efficacy of a blue diode laser. However, the correct choice of parameters is required to achieve adequate laser fluence.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response and efficacy of 830-nanometer photobiomodulation in healing diabetic foot ulcers: randomized, double-blind, clinical trial protocol.","authors":"Mariana Bezerra Miranda, Ana Carolina Silva Barros, Rebeca Barbosa da Rocha, Fuad Ahmed Hazime, Vinicius Saura Cardoso","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04632-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04632-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) cause limitations in physical functioning and performance of activities of daily living (ADLs), accompanied by high emotional burden, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, persistent and recurrent ulcers, severe amputations, and limitations in ambulation are associated with a significant impact on the quality of life (QOL) and economic burden. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a painless, noninvasive, and low-cost option. The biostimulatory and bioinhibitory effects of PBM depend on the parameters used. This double-blind, randomized clinical trial will be conducted at the Integrated Center of Medical Specialties. One Hundred and thirty-six volunteers will be randomized into four groups. GaAlAs 830 nm, 30 mW, in continuous mode (IBRAMED^®) with three energy densities (4 J/cm², 8 J/cm², or 12 J/cm²) will be used. The control group will use 904 nm GaAs, 70 mW, and an energy density of 10 J/cm² (ENDOPHOTON KLD) in pulsed mode, for two non-consecutive days per week for 10 weeks, totaling 20 sessions. The primary outcomes will be ulcer reduction and healing rates. Secondary outcomes will be the University of Texas classification, blood glucose levels, quality of life, healing time, time to recurrence, and viability. Ulcers will be assessed at day 1, 5 weeks, 10 weeks of treatment, and at a 12-week follow-up after treatment completion. The results of the proposed study may provide relevant evidence on the effective parameterization and feasibility of photobiomodulation as an accessible and applicable therapeutic resource in the clinical practice of DFUs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of 650 nm and 450 nm diode lasers in photobiomodulation for wound healing after tooth extraction in rabbits.","authors":"Jaber Mohan Falah, Hanan J Taher, Aseel Jasim Ali","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04596-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04596-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), which involves both stimulatory and inhibitory biological responses to light, represents a critical area of research requiring further in-depth exploration. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of 650 nm and 450 nm diode lasers on wound healing following tooth extraction in a rabbit model. Local anesthesia was used. A continuous-wave (CW) diode laser with wavelengths of 650 then 450 were used on wound after tooth extraction in 30 rabbits divided into three groups randomly and equally separated groups: control group (G1), 650 nm group (G2) and 450 nm group (G3), with laser parameters determined based on a prior pilot study in rabbits. The energy density for a 30-second exposure was 7.64 J/cm². The power output and the power density were 200 mW and 254 mW per cm², respectively. By day 7, 70% of rabbits in the G2 exhibited pink gingival tissue, compared to only 40% in the G3.Healing outcomes demonstrated statistically significant (p < 0.05) in G2in the gingival color and thickness relative to those G1 and G3.By day 14, none of theG1 displayed severe congestion, whereas G2 showed normal tissue recovery without pathological secretion(only two rabbits in G3 showed suppuration).Histopathological analysis revealed that 650 nm PBMT stimulated partial epithelialization and collagen deposition by day 7, with further enhancement by day 14. The 650 nm wavelength demonstrated superior healing effects, characterized by increased pink gingival tissue, reduced bleeding, and absence of inflammation. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) accelerates wound healing and is effective in reducing inflammation. Further research is needed to optimize wavelength selection.Clinical trial number Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effects of endovenous thermocoagulation methods on perivenous and venous tissue in an ex-vivo animal model.","authors":"Elmas Kanbur Üreyen, Zeki Talas, Ezel Erşen, Kazım Beşirli, Ahmet Kürşat Bozkurt, Ozan Onur Balkanay","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04630-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04630-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of venous insufficiency involves a variety of techniques. In this study, we evaluated three endovenous ablation modalities: the 980 nm diode laser, the 1470 nm diode laser, and radiofrequency (RF) ablation. The 980 nm diode laser primarily targets hemoglobin, utilizing bare-tip fibers to deliver energy that induces vein closure through photothermal effects. The 1470 nm diode laser exhibits higher absorption by water, employing radial fibers to achieve uniform vein wall heating with reduced collateral damage. RF ablation operates by delivering controlled thermal energy via a catheter, causing collagen contraction and vein closure.​ This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of different endovenous ablation methods for varicose vein disease, with a focus on identifying the treatment modality that results in the least tissue damage. Bovine hind leg veins were utilized for this experimental study. A total of fifteen vein samples were prepared for each of the following treatment modalities: radiofrequency ablation, 980 nm laser, and 1470 nm laser. Following the treatments, the excised veins and surrounding tissues were subjected to histopathological evaluation. Key parameters assessed included vein wall narrowing, surrounding tissue damage, and vein wall perforation for each treatment group. Radiofrequency ablation demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, with no observed tissue loss. The levels of necrosis, coagulation, perforation, vein wall necrosis, and intimal damage were significantly lower in the radiofrequency group compared to both laser ablation groups. Among the laser treatments, the 1470 nm laser exhibited better safety profiles compared to the 980 nm laser. Based on our findings, both radiofrequency ablation and 1470 nm laser treatment appear to be more reliable than the 980 nm laser in terms of minimizing vascular wall and surrounding tissue damage. Radiofrequency ablation, in particular, emerged as the safest modality, showing the least adverse effects on vascular structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic therapy with Rose Bengal against resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: effects on SmeDEF efflux gene expression.","authors":"Samira Yarmoradi, Fatemeh Sameni, Mina Sadat Naderi, Reza MohammadSalehi, Seyed Mehdi Tabaie, Hosein Rafiemanesh, Kimia Kazemi, Masoud Dadashi","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04627-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04627-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is an opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated in causing infections such as pneumonia, bacteremia, and skin and soft-tissue infections, particularly in patients with compromised immune systems. The worldwide emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria continues to rise. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been investigated as a promising treatment for localized infections in response to the ever-growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. This research was designed to investigate the antibiotic resistance profile of S. maltophilia, confirm the effectiveness of aPDT with Rose Bengal against resistant isolates, and compare the expression of the smeDEF efflux pump gene before and after aPDT. A total of 139 S. maltophilia isolates were collected during 2023 to 2024 in this cross-sectional study. The isolates were identified using routine microbiological and biochemical methods and confirmed by molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 23 S rRNA gene. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using both Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and E-test methods, following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2024 guidelines. aPDT was applied to S. maltophilia strains resistant to ≥ 2 antibiotic classes, using Rose Bengal at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µM, activated by green (530 nm) and blue (470 nm) diode lasers at fluences of 2 and 5 J/cm². The expression of the smeDEF gene was assessed using real-time PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance rates of 6.4% to levofloxacin, 4.3% to minocycline, and 3.6% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Four S. maltophilia isolates showed resistance to ≥ 2 antibiotic classes. aPDT with Rose Bengal activated by blue and green diode laser light inhibited growth in all but one resistant isolate, which grew under green light at a dose of 2 j/cm². Real-time PCR analysis revealed a 1.4-fold downregulation of the smeDEF gene in the S. maltophilia isolate resistant to five antibiotic classes following aPDT treatment, compared to the control. The current research discloses the increasing pattern of antibiotic resistance in S. maltophilia isolates in Iran. Yet, TMP/SMX is counted as the first option for the treatment of S. maltophilia infections. Furthermore, our findings suggest that, aPDT is an effective therapeutic approach for treating antibiotic-resistant S. maltophilia isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed dye laser, fractional CO2 laser, or combination for burn scar treatment: a systematic review.","authors":"Pengcheng Li, Qingqing Zhang, Chunting Tao, Hui Liang, Dongjie Li","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04629-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04629-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose Burn injuries often result in hypertrophic scars, causing functional impairment and aesthetic concerns. Laser therapies, including pulsed dye laser (PDL) and ablative fractional CO2 laser (AFCL), have emerged as promising treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PDL, AFCL, and their combination in treating burn scars through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across four databases from inception to August 2024. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing PDL, AFCL, or their combination were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality. A preliminary network meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Results Eleven studies were included in the systematic review, with two in network meta-analysis. PDL showed a significant reduction in total Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores compared to combination therapy [mean difference (MD) = -0.90, 95% CI: -1.77 to -0.04], while AFCL showed no significant difference. No significant differences were found between treatments for individual VSS components. Qualitative synthesis revealed consistent improvements in scar appearance, texture, pain, and pruritus across studies, with good safety profiles and high patient satisfaction. Conclusion While limited by the small number of studies, our findings suggest potential benefits of PDL for overall scar appearance and comparable efficacy between AFCL and PDL for various scar characteristics. Larger, well-designed randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up periods are needed to provide more definitive evidence on the optimal use of laser therapies in burn scar management. Clinical trial number not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation of blue led light combined with different graft materials on bone healing in the rat model.","authors":"Ayşe Başak Dellalbaşı, Mete Cihan","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04658-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04658-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of blue LED light therapy on bone healing in critical-size calvarial defects treated with different graft materials. Specifically, the photobiomodulatory effects of blue light were assessed in combination with cuttlebone graft and demineralized bone matrix (DBM), using clinical, radiological, and histopathological methods. Animals studied A total of 120 male Wistar Albino rats, aged 12 months, were included in the study. Procedures Rats were randomly assigned to five main groups, each subdivided into four time-point subgroups (days 7, 14, 21, and 28), with six animals per subgroup. Under general anesthesia, an 8-mm-diameter critical-size defect was surgically created in the calvarial region of each rat. The control group received no treatment. The other experimental groups included: DBM only, DBM + blue LED light, cuttlebone graft only, and cuttlebone graft + blue LED light. Blue LED therapy was applied at defined intervals, and animals were sacrificed at predetermined time points. Radiographic evaluations and histopathological analyses were conducted. Bone healing was scored histologically, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results No statistically significant differences in healing were observed between the DBM and cuttlebone-only groups at any time point (p > 0.05). Among the blue light-treated groups, the DBM + blue light group exhibited significantly enhanced bone regeneration on day 21 compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). However, by day 28, there were no significant differences between the two light-treated graft groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that blue LED light therapy, particularly when combined with demineralized bone matrix (DBM), can significantly enhance the healing of critical-size calvarial defects at specific time points.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}