Language最新文献

{"title":"PENINGKATAN KEAKTIFAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INDEX CARD MATCH PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XII IPS-2 MAN 4 SLEMAN","authors":"EDY SUPARYANTO","doi":"10.51878/language.v3i3.2467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51878/language.v3i3.2467","url":null,"abstract":"The background of the classroom action research is the facts that the activity and the result of study of Class XII IPS-2 MAN 4 Sleman Academic year 2021/2022 was low. Special treatment to increase both is needed and the researcher choose Index Card Match (ICM) in the English Class. The steps of ICM as follows : the teacher prepare cards containing questions and ones containing the answers. Both cards containing questions and ones containing answers were disordered and given to the students. Each student has to find their partners as works as pairs and discus the contents of the cards, after that, presenting is a must. At the end of the implementation of ICM, the teacher clarify the contents of the cards. The data shows that at the first cycle, 50 % students categorized high, and at the second cycle increase 83,33 % or the increasement is 33,33 %. Students’ activity categorized middle is 35,71 at the first cycle and becomes 11,90 % at the second cycle. It means that total number of students’ activity categorized middle and low decreased because of reaching high category. Completeness of study result before the method implemented is 24 %, at the first cycle is 28,6% or there is increasement of 4,6 %, while at the second cycle is 66,7 % or the increasement is 38.1 %. The implementation of ICM can increase the students’ activity and the result of study. The model of teaching learning process by using ICM is recommended to be applied in other subject of teaching-learning process. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi fakta bahwa keaktifan dan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XII IPS-2 MAN 4 Sleman tahun ajaran 2021/2022 masih rendah. Diperlukan perlakuan khusus agar keaktifan dan hasil belajar meningkat. Perlakuan khusus yang dipilih adalah model pembelajaran Index Card Match (ICM), dengan tahapan : guru menyiapkan kartu-kartu soal dan kartu-kartu jawaban. Kartu soal dan kartu jawaban tersebut diacak kemudian dibagikan kepada seluruh peserta didik. Setiap peserta didik akan menerima kartu dan wajib menemukan pasangannya, sehingga setiap pasangan akan memperolah soal beserta jawaban dan mendiskusikannya berpasangan serta presentasi. Di akhir pembelajaran guru melakukan klarifikasi dan kesimpulan. Sesudah ICM diterapkan diperoleh data : pada siklus pertama keaktifan peserta didik katagori tinggi 50 % sedangkan pada siklus kedua diperoleh 83,33 % sehingga terjadi kenaikan 33,33 %. Keaktifan katagori sedang 35,71 pada siklus pertama menjadi 11,90 % pada siklus kedua. Sedangkan keaktifan katagori rendah 14,29 pada siklus pertama menjadi 4,76 pada siklus kedua. Artinya keaktifan katagori sedang dan rendah semakin sedikit karena terjadi kenaikan pada keaktifan katagori tinggi. Ketuntasan hasil belajar pra siklus 24 %, ketuntasan pada siklus pertama 28,6% atau kenaikan 4,6 %, sedangkan ketuntasan siklus kedua 66,7 % atau kenaikan 38.1 %. Penerapan model pembelajaran ICM dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar, sehingga model ini direkomendasi untuk ","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language play is language variation: Quantitative evidence and what it implies about language change","authors":"Marisa Brook, Emily Blamire","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a907010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article argues that language play is intimately related to linguistic variation and change. Using two corpora of online present-day English, we investigate playful conversion of adjectives into abstract nouns (e.g. made of awesome ∅), uncovering consistent rule-governed patterning in the grammatical constraints in spite of this option stemming from deliberate subversion of standard overt suffixation. Building on Haspelmath's (1999) notion of 'extravagance' as one of the keys to language change, we account for the systematic patterning of deliberate linguistic subversion by appealing to tension between the need to stand out and the need to remain intelligible. While we do not claim that language play is the only cause of linguistic change, our findings position language play as a constant source of new linguistic variants in very large numbers, a small proportion of which endure as changes. Our conclusion is that language play goes a long way toward accounting for linguistic innovations—with respect to where they come from and why languages change at all.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedagogical linguistics: Connecting formal linguistics to language teaching","authors":"Andreas Trotzke","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a907016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article reports on the beginning of a new pan-European enterprise called pedagogical linguistics, which can be distinguished from related approaches on several grounds. Crucially, pedagogical linguistics centers on teaching structural properties of 'language', not just properties of specific languages. Although this crosslinguistic perspective on language is already part of language practitioners' training, student teachers are often not able to draw the connection between formal linguistic training and their teaching in a multilingual classroom. Pedagogical linguistics addresses this lack of awareness and therefore aims at raising 'linguistic' awareness (in addition to language awareness) by highlighting the relevance of formal structural concepts for language pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Pied-Piping","authors":"Kenyon Branan, Michael Yoshitaka Erlewine","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a907013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Anti-pied-piping is a widespread but understudied phenomenon where a language targets a proper subpart of the logical focus for focus morphosyntax: for example, focus particle placement or focus movement. We show that anti-pied-piping is attested in over sixty languages from over forty distinct language groups. We present a theory of focus particle syntax/semantics that involves severing the pronounced position of a focus particle and the logical position of its corresponding semantic contribution, which successfully accounts for both anti-pied-piping and pied-piping behavior. Constraints on attested anti-pied-piping behavior and its interaction with movement show that particle placement takes place at particular, punctuated points in the derivation, in a cyclic model of syntactic structure building. We also discuss the relation of particle placement to other processes such as linearization and stress assignment.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mainstreaming translanguaging pedagogy through language policy: Opportunities and challenges in a South African university","authors":"Liqhwa Siziba, Busani Maseko","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a907015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article is a critical analysis of principles for the provision of translanguaging in the language policy of North-West University. It draws on the conceptualization of translanguaging as a transformative, inclusive, and empowering practice (Cenoz & Gorter 2022a,b, Kleyn & García 2019, Tai 2022) and attempts to uncover the mood and dispositions of the university toward mainstreaming this practice for the inclusion of indigenous African languages in teaching and learning. We discuss how the wording of the provisions reveals the language policy to be power-inflected, reproducing contestations between indigenous and ex-colonial languages. The article ends by suggesting a continuous review of the language policy to eliminate vague and escapist policy provisions.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial control with overt embedded subjects in Chirag","authors":"Dmitry Ganenkov","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a907009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article documents a previously unattested variety of obligatory control (OC) in the Nakh-Daghestanian language Chirag Dargwa, which lies at the intersection between two phenomena known from previous research: overt controlled subjects and partial control. Despite being less widespread crosslinguistically, these two phenomena do occur in various unrelated languages and are known to not quite fit in with existing theories of OC. Combined in a single construction, they yield a new empirical option in the typology of OC and provide evidence in favor of a pro analysis of controlled subjects.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vowel Deletion as Grammatically Controlled Gestural Overlap in Uspanteko: Supplementary material","authors":"Ryan Bennett, Robert Henderson, Meg Harvey","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a907239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907239","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of phonological patterns in an urban dialect contact setting: Evidence from Seoul Korean","authors":"Soohyun Kwon","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a907011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This study investigates the linguistic outcome of migration-induced dialect contact in contemporary urban settings by tracking the development of the variable deletion of /w/ in Seoul Korean. The results from apparent-time and real-time analyses reveal that the rate of postconsonantal /w/-deletion, which previously had been rising, has begun to fall. In addition, the strong effect of the preceding consonant on this deletion has weakened significantly. Meanwhile, the rate of non-postconsonantal /w/-deletion has continued to rise, and, for younger speakers, non-postconsonantal /w/-deletion now patterns similarly with postconsonantal /w/-deletion. I argue that the dilution of the original pattern of the deletion rule is the result of the interplay between linguistic diffusion induced by a massive influx of migrants into Seoul and phonological restructuring by subsequent generations.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in second and heritage languages: Crosslinguistic perspectives ed. by Robert Bayley, Dennis R. Preston, and Xiaoshi Li (review)","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a907014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907014","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: Variation in second and heritage languages: Crosslinguistic perspectives ed. by Robert Bayley, Dennis R. Preston, and Xiaoshi Li Elaine Tarone Variation in second and heritage languages: Crosslinguistic perspectives. Ed. by Robert Bayley, Dennis R. Preston, and Xiaoshi Li. (Studies in language variation 28.) Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2022. Pp. 365. ISBN 9789027211149. $158 (Hb). This edited volume centers upon variability in second and heritage languages as a necessary attribute of all language development and change, focusing particularly on variability in learners' language that is primarily tied to linguistic context. As the editors and authors of the introductory chapter correctly state, the idea that the utterances produced by second language (L2) learners are variably influenced by both social and linguistic context is not new. They state that the intended contribution of this volume is to expand scholarship in three areas of research on developmental variability: (i) the number of second and heritage languages (HLs) and language varieties included in the study of variation in second language acquisition (SLA), (ii) users' perceptions of the social meanings of variable forms in L2s and HLs, and (iii) the use of mixed-effects linear regression models (MELMs) in measuring the significance of research findings on such variation. The book includes an introductory chapter and twelve research studies drawn from an impressive range of international locations and languages; the research studies are grouped by target language (that is, the language being acquired), namely: Mandarin, Korean, Cantonese, Spanish, French, Italian, and Catalan. Taken together, these studies produce important findings on the impact of linguistic context on a variety of features in the target language produced by L2 and HL learners. In Ch. 1, the editors (Robert Bayley, Dennis R. Preston, and Xiaoshi Li) introduce the three main goals of the book enumerated above and suggest the possible contributions of its studies to current variationist research on SLA. The first four studies examine the acquisition of Asian languages. Chs. 2 and 3 examine English speakers' acquisition of Mandarin Chinese as an L2: Ch. 2 by Li, Bayley, Xinye Zhang, and Yaqiong Cui focuses on the acquisition of the particle le, and Ch. 3 by Rebecca Lurie Starr examines the acquisition of Mandarin phonological variants in Singapore. The third study in this section (Ch. 4 by Mihi Park) turns to the acquisition of nominative argument realizations in Korean as a third language (L3) by bilingual Singaporean speakers of Mandarin Chinese and English, and the fourth (Ch. 5 by Holman Tse) examines the acquisition of Cantonese sociophonetics by English-speaking heritage learners in Toronto. The next three chapters focus on the acquisition of Spanish as an L2 or HL. The first (Ch. 6 by Chelsea Escalante and Robyn Wright) studies Spanish rhotic development by uninstructed speakers of English in Ecuador","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'What' clauses can and 'which' cannot: A Romanian puzzle","authors":"Anamaria Falaus, Ivano Caponigro","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a907017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A previously unnoticed puzzle is presented concerning the distribution of wh-determiners in free relative clauses in Romanian: while care 'which' + NP can never introduce free relative clauses, ce 'what' + NP does so productively, as do all other wh-words. New evidence is provided showing that care 'which' + NP in interrogative clauses in Romanian exhibits strong discourse-anaphoric requirements, unlike ce 'what' + NP. This feature of care 'which' + NP is suggested to be responsible for the puzzle by triggering a clash with the basic set-denoting function of a free relative clause, along the lines of what is observed in light-headed relative clauses.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135895874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}