Language最新文献

{"title":"The syntax of English presentatives","authors":"Jim Wood, Raffaella Zanuttini","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a907012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In this article, we analyze the syntax of sentences such as Here is my daughter , which we refer to as presentatives. Presentatives turn out to have a wide range of properties that distinguish them sharply from ordinary declaratives, interrogatives, imperatives, and exclamatives. Drawing on recent work on the left periphery, we develop a novel account of their syntactic structure that uses only independently proposed syntactic primitives. We argue that English presentatives involve an ordinary DP combined with two left-peripheral heads, encoding the time and location of the speaker, along with an anaphoric T head and a light verb. The resulting structure is a triple consisting of the speech time, speech location, and an entity denoted by a DP. The overall picture that emerges suggests that presentatives may constitute their own minor clause type, one that we might expect to be widely available crosslinguistically, since it is built from a particular combination of these widely available primitives. A brief survey of presentatives in languages other than English suggests that they are indeed widely available, and our analysis provides an explicit framework for detailed investigations of presentatives in other languages, which may use an overlapping, but not necessarily fully identical, set of primitives.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vowel Deletion as Grammatically Controlled Gestural Overlap in Uspanteko","authors":"Ryan Bennett, Robert Henderson, Meg Harvey","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a907008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Uspanteko is an endangered Mayan language spoken in Guatemala. Unstressed vowels in Uspanteko often delete, though deletion is variable within and across speakers. Deletion appears to be phonological: it is sensitive to foot structure, morphology, and certain phonotactics, and it occurs in slow, careful speech. But deletion also has characteristics more typical of a phonetic process: it is intertwined with a pattern of gradient vowel reduction and is insensitive to most phonotactics. Electroglottography data shows that even 'deleted' vowels may contribute voicing to [inline-graphic 01] intervals when flanked by voiceless consonants. This suggests that 'deleted' vowels are represented in the input to speech production, even when they are acoustically masked by articulatory overlap with adjacent segments. We conclude that vowel deletion is grammatically controlled gestural overlap, consistent with the claim that phonological representations encode information about the relative timing and coordination of articulatory gestures (e.g. Browman & Goldstein 1986, Gafos 2002). At a minimum, language-specific phonetic processes must have access to more fine-grained, abstract grammatical information than is usually assumed.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial control with overt embedded subjects in Chirag","authors":"D. Ganenkov","doi":"10.1353/lan.0.a905552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.a905552","url":null,"abstract":"This article documents a previously unattested variety of obligatory control (OC) in the Nakh-Daghestanian language Chirag Dargwa, which lies at the intersection between two phenomena known from previous research: overt controlled subjects and partial control. Despite being less widespread crosslinguistically, these two phenomena do occur in various unrelated languages and are known to not quite fit in with existing theories of OC. Combined in a single construction, they yield a new empirical option in the typology of OC and provide evidence in favor of a pro analysis of controlled subjects","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43845608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language play is language variation: Quantitative evidence and what it implies about language change","authors":"Marisa Brook, Emily Blamire","doi":"10.1353/lan.0.a905553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.a905553","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that language play is intimately related to linguistic variation and change. Using two corpora of online present-day English, we investigate playful conversion of adjectives into abstract nouns (e.g. made of awesome∅), uncovering consistent rule-governed patterning in the grammatical constraints in spite of this option stemming from deliberate subversion of standard overt suffixation. Building on Haspelmath’s (1999) notion of ‘extravagance’ as one of the keys to language change, we account for the systematic patterning of deliberate linguistic subversion by appealing to tension between the need to stand out and the need to remain intelligible. While we do not claim that language play is the only cause of linguistic change, our findings position language play as a constant source of new linguistic variants in very large numbers, a small proportion of which endure as changes. Our conclusion is that language play goes a long way toward accounting for linguistic innovations—with respect to where they come from and why languages change at all.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42770535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Housing policy and linguistic profiling: An audit study of three American dialects","authors":"K. Wright","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900094","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The 1968 Fair Housing Act protects consumers from discrimination based on membership in protected classes, such as their gender, race, and ability. There is a large gap, however, between what this policy seeks to protect and the lived experiences of certain individuals, since many listeners continue to link the production of non-Standard speech varieties with social stereotypes. In light of the findings of Purnell et al. (1999), who demonstrated that such judgments negatively affect housing access, this study was designed to determine if linguistic profiling remains observable in the contemporary housing market. Through an audit of ninety publicly listed rental properties in three demographically heterogeneous Knoxville, TN, neighborhoods, the study analyzed the effects of using three different American dialects: African American Language (AAL), Mainstream US English (MUSE), and Southern American (SA). A single, multidialectal speaker asked property managers questions about each unit and neighborhood. The outcomes were assessed in terms of (i) the caller’s success in gaining an appointment to view the property and (ii) the relation of dialect and neighborhood to the phenomenon of local prestige.A key finding is that using non-Standard voices produces significantly better outcomes in neighborhoods with demographics that match those of the indexed social characteristics of the given non-Standard speech variety (e.g. Blackness with AAL in zip code 37914). Results from an attribute assessment are also reported, revealing how general listeners categorize and respond to speech used in the audit study. Analyses of attribute assessments reveal that three very different character profiles emerge from a single person’s speech varieties. These results have stark policy implications, as these linguistic profiles develop without listeners having made accurate or consistent identification of social information—like the race of the speaker—in their percepts. Federal antidiscrimination policy must be adjusted to protect individuals who experience voice-based oppression—in the housing market and across institutions. This study adds to the growing evidence such individuals can use to challenge FHA violations in voice-only contexts.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"99 1","pages":"e58 - e85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47911161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Text setting in an Itelmen khodila: A phonological analysis","authors":"J. Bobaljik, D. Koester, Chikako Ono, Georgi Dmitrievich Zaporotskij","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900608","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:We examine a traditional Itelmen song type (itl; Chukotko-Kamchatkan) from the perspective of text setting: the phonological correspondence between spoken language and sung text. We suggest that the algorithm that relates spoken text to song in Itelmen is unlike the majority of examples considered in the literature on English and other languages, in that linguistic stress and metrical prominence play no discernible role, nor does syllable weight. Instead, the driving force appears to be matching word edges to (half-)measure boundaries, resulting in predictable anaptyxis (vowel epenthesis) and lengthening. The process is paraphonological in that it is related to, but distinct from, the regular phonology of the language, both in the quality of the epenthetic elements and in their placement. While the algorithm makes use of (and thus may inform us about) Itelmen phonotactics, the relationship is not readily characterizable as being phonotactically motivated but is instead controlled by a pattern of mapping linguistic syllables to musical beats.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"99 1","pages":"e108 - e134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48193987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-language acoustic space for vocalic phonation distinctions: Supplementary material","authors":"Patricia Keating, Jianjing Kuang, M. Garellek, Christina M. Esposito, S. Khan","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900607","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44620827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Editors’ Report","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900091","url":null,"abstract":"The Editors’ Report John Beavers, Editor, Andries W. Coetzee, Editor (2017–2022), and Shelome Gooden, Co-Editor [The following is a modified and updated version of the report made to the LSA at the annual business meeting, on January 7th, 2023.] 1. Continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic Although we still saw some impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022, we were able to publish all four issues for the year on time. This is in no small part due to the dedication of the members of the Language editorial team and to reviewers who made time to prepare reports even as they were still dealing with significant increases in workload and family care responsibilities compared to prepandemic days. We express our deep appreciation to the linguistics community for their continued support of the LSA’s publication program. As operations have returned to something closer to normal over the course of 2022, we saw an overall decrease in time-to-decision compared to the preceding two years, a welcome outcome. Volume size of the print edition was also comparable across years, though 2022 saw fewer online publications than the preceding year. One contributing factor here is the lack of a Perspectives article and accompanying replies in 2022. New submissions were also down from 2021, being comparable to 2020 (which was impacted by the beginning of the pandemic). 2. Changes in the editorial team We saw several changes in the editorial team in 2022. Kristen Syrett (Rutgers University), Arthur Spears (City University of New York), Ezra Keshet (University of Michigan), and Marlyse Baptista (University of Michigan) all stepped down at the end of 2022 after three (or more) years of service as associate editors. We extend our appreciation to all of them for their service to the LSA and the linguistics community. Stepping in in their stead are new associate editors Lisa Green (University of Massachusetts at Amherst), Jesse Harris (University of California, Los Angeles), Michael Putnam (Penn State University), and Maziar Toosarvandani (University of California, Santa Cruz), who all began their terms in 2023. Finally, Andries Coetzee’s (University of Michigan) term as Editor of Language came to an end at the end of 2022, at which point John Beavers (The University of Texas at Austin) became Editor and Shelome Gooden (University of Pittsburgh) joined as Co-Editor. On behalf of everyone at Language, John and Shelome would like to express their immense gratitude to Andries for his extraordinary service to the journal over these last six years. Andries’s diligent leadership and thoughtful editorial work, which put a profound emphasis on fairness and compassion for authors, reviewers, and editors alike, helped the journal thrive through sometimes challenging times and will continue to serve as an example for us all. 3. Volume 98 Volume 98 of Language consisted of four issues comprising 868 pages in the printed section, containing twenty-four general research articles, one editori","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136172768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A discriminative lexicon approach to word comprehension, production, and processing: Maltese plurals","authors":"Jessica Nieder, Yu-Ying Chuang, Ruben van de Vijver, H. Baayen","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900087","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Comprehending and producing words is a natural process for human speakers. In linguistic theory, investigating this process formally and computationally is often done by focusing on forms only. By moving beyond the world of forms, we show in this study that the discriminative lexicon (DL) model—operating with word comprehension as a mapping of form onto meaning, and word production as a mapping of meaning onto form—generates accurate predictions about what meanings listeners understand and what forms speakers produce. Furthermore, we show that measures derived from the computational model are predictive for human reaction times. Although mathematically very simple, the linear mappings between form and meaning posited by our model are powerful enough to capture the complexity and productivity of a Semitic language with a complex hybrid morphological system.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"99 1","pages":"242 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47233987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Text setting in an Itelmen khodila: A phonological analysis","authors":"Jonathan David Bobaljik, David Koester, Chikako Ono, Georgi Dmitrievich Zaporotskij","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900096","url":null,"abstract":"We examine a traditional Itelmen song type (itl; Chukotko-Kamchatkan) from the perspective of text setting: the phonological correspondence between spoken language and sung text. We suggest that the algorithm that relates spoken text to song in Itelmen is unlike the majority of examples considered in the literature on English and other languages, in that linguistic stress and metrical prominence play no discernible role, nor does syllable weight. Instead, the driving force appears to be matching word edges to (half-)measure boundaries, resulting in predictable anaptyxis (vowel epenthesis) and lengthening. The process is paraphonological in that it is related to, but distinct from, the regular phonology of the language, both in the quality of the epenthetic elements and in their placement. While the algorithm makes use of (and thus may inform us about) Itelmen phonotactics, the relationship is not readily characterizable as being phonotactically motivated but is instead controlled by a pattern of mapping linguistic syllables to musical beats.*","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136172760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}