KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Disaster Mechanism and Frost Heave Effect of Railway Tunnel Induced by Drainage System Failure in High Latitude Cold Region","authors":"Feicong Zhou, Shenghao Xie, Lei Wang, Zhifu Ma, Ping Zhou, Yifan Jiang, Shougen Chen, Zhijie Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12205-024-5458-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-5458-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, temperature monitoring and freezing disaster investigation in winter were conducted in three high latitude cold regional tunnels of Northeast China. Observations indicate that the air temperature in the tunnel middle section and the deep buried central drainage pipe remains stable at 0–5°C, while at the entrance section and the side ditch, it fluctuates around −15°C for about 2 months. Consequently, warm water from the middle section supplies both ends of the tunnel, making the entrance section drainage system prone to ice jams and freezing damage. Field investigation reveals 5 types of freezing-induced catastrophic behavior in tunnel drainage systems. In addition, frost heave effects from drainage system failure are simulated, showing that the lining compressive stress due to frost heave of drainage system is about 450 kPa, which is 200% of the surrounding rock frost heave. Moreover, the tensile stress due to frost heave of the side wall crack seepage or cavity water is the most significant, followed by the arch springing, then the hance, and finally the vault. Finally, consideration of the frost heave effect induced by drainage system is crucial for ensuring tunnel operation safety in high latitude cold regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17897,"journal":{"name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic Performance of Fuel Lines Connected to Emergency Diesel Generator Considering Isolation Device","authors":"Bub-Gyu Jeon, Da-Woon Yun, Sung-Jin Chang, Sung-Wan Kim, Seunghyun Eem","doi":"10.1007/s12205-024-2233-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-2233-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Applying isolation devices to nuclear power plant equipment can improve the equipment’s seismic safety. When the equipment is connected to piping, however, its seismic safety can rather be decreased due to the increase in the relative displacement of the connected pipes. An emergency diesel generator (EDG) supplies power when a generator and an external power source in a nuclear power plant do not operate. Isolation devices can be installed to improve EDG’s seismic safety. The seismic safety of EDG is generally evaluated considering only EDG and the isolation device. Since the piping connected to EDG is responsible for fuel supply and cooling, however, the seismic safety of EDG must be evaluated considering the piping as well. In this study, seismic fragility analyses were conducted according to the modeling of isolation devices for EDG equipped with the isolation device and the piping connected to EDG. Seismic response analyses were performed considering the fuel line in EDG to which the seismic isolation devices were applied, and seismic fragility curves were estimated based on the results of the seismic response analysis. The research results showed that the piping connected to EDG could be damaged earlier than EDG, indicating that proper piping system design and seismic safety assessment are required to apply isolation devices to EDG.</p>","PeriodicalId":17897,"journal":{"name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behavior of Layered Sandstone under Horizontal Squeezing Action","authors":"Bin Li, Da Huang, Wenzhu Ma, Guanfeng An, Bin Zeng, Yixiang Song","doi":"10.1007/s12205-024-0023-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-0023-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Squeezing-induced buckling or flexural deformation of rock layers always occurs on consequent rock slopes and laminated roof of tunnels or underground openings. To reveal the mechanical mechanism and inducing factors of this instability, tests on cuboid rock samples comprised of bedding sandstone under horizontal squeezing stress were conducted. In addition, numerical modeling based on cohesive-element-model was conducted to further reveal the influence of inter-layer bonding strength on the mechanical behavior of laminated rock. According to the results, remarkable size effects exist on the buckling-fracture characteristics of tested samples. Subjected to the same horizontal stress, tested samples with different dimensions have quite different failure patterns, including upper buckling-lower shearing, integral buckling and end squashing. It is recommended that the length-thickness ratio of tested samples for buckling failure research should be less than 150/8. Moreover, numerical simulations indicate that failure characteristics of the samples are greatly influenced by the bedding structure such as bedding thickness and inter-bedded bonding strength. Buckling deformation at one end becomes quite obvious when inter-bedded bonding strength decreases to a smaller value. The research results will not only contribute to understanding the buckling mechanism of stratified rock mass subjected to horizontal stress, but also provide a guidance for similar experimental design in terms of sample preparation, loading and monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":17897,"journal":{"name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritization of the Baitarani River Basin by Using WSA and PCWSA Based on Morphometric Parameters","authors":"Swagatika Sahoo, Janhabi Meher","doi":"10.1007/s12205-024-2392-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-2392-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A study was conducted on the soil erosion process in the Baitarani River Basin in peninsular India, using two distinct methodologies based on drainage basin morphometry. The study covered 16 sub-basins, and evaluated the soil erosion dynamics using sixteen linear, areal, shape, and relief features. Weighted sum analysis (WSA) and a hybrid model named principal component based weighted sum analysis (PCWSA) were used to analyse the morphometry data and establish the likelihood of soil erosion occurrence. The results showed that based on the WSA approach six, four and six sub-basins had low, moderate and high flood priorities respectively, while based on the PCWSA technique five, six and five sub-basins had low, moderate and high flood priorities respectively. For quantitative validation MLR models were obtained using these two approaches based on USLE model based annual average soil erosion magnitude, and the derived values exhibit acceptable accuracy (48.2% and 55.2% respectively) in modelling soil erosion. The results showed that the PCWSA approach could produce better accuracy with only six principal components, compared to the WSA method with six uncorrelated factors. For qualitative validation, satellite data based Modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) map was applied which confirmed satisfactory agreement with the proposed approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":17897,"journal":{"name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral Behavior Analysis of a Rectangular Barrette in Layered Soil with Transverse Isotropy","authors":"Qinqiang Wang, Geng Cao, Liming Qu","doi":"10.1007/s12205-024-1915-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-1915-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a theoretical approach is presented for analyzing how rectangular barrettes respond laterally in layered transversely isotropic soil deposits. To do this analysis, a modified Vlasov model is used. In this study, the barrette and the soil around it are treated as a continuum system. The deformation of the barrette is analyzed using the Timoshenko beam theory. By multiplying the barrette’s displacement with a pair of decay functions, the horizontal soil displacement can be quantified. The equations that govern the barrette and soil are derived based on the principle of minimum energy, along with the appropriate boundary conditions. These equations are then solved using an iterative method. The accuracy of the results is confirmed by comparing the barrette response to two previously published results. Additionally, the impact of the shape of the rectangular cross section and the anisotropy of the soil on the static responses of a barrette are explored. The results show that the ratio <i>E</i>_sh/<i>E</i>_sv between the horizontal modulus and vertical modulus for the transversely isotropic soil has significant influences for the response of barrette. An increase of <i>E</i>_sh/<i>E</i>_sv from 0.5 to 3.0 can lead to a reduction of around 75%, 54%, 30%, 40% for the maximums of lateral displacement, rotation, moment, and soil reaction, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":17897,"journal":{"name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Leakage Due to Submerged Floating Tunnel Crack and Its Propagation Characteristics","authors":"Jae-Hyun Kim, Seungbo Shim, Suk-Min Kong, Seong-Won Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12205-024-1189-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-1189-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is a type that allows tunnel floating owing to the water buoyancy. SFTs are often subjected to high-water pressure and environmental loads, such as waves and currents, which differ from those experienced by typical underground tunnels. In these SFTs, a sudden, large water leak can occur owing to collisions with external objects (such as ships), mooring lines for anchoring, and structural fatigue failure. To address these unexpected situations, it is necessary to develop a disaster prevention system for leakages. However, tunnel leaks and their propagation characteristics within tunnels have not been studied in depth. In this study, numerical simulations were performed using the commercial software program FLOW-3D to evaluate the characteristics of the water flowing through the tunnel owing to local damages to tunnel segments. In the simulations, a representative cross-section of the SFT was modeled, and the water propagation characteristics with respect to the crack size and water depth were evaluated. The results confirmed that the crack size and water depth significantly affected the propagation characteristics of the leaks. The results of this study are expected to be used as useful data for the design of disaster prevention systems for leaks in SFT.</p>","PeriodicalId":17897,"journal":{"name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical Study of Mechanical Behavior of Tunnels Considering Soil-Machine Interactions","authors":"Mengxi Zhang, Xue Zhang, Huiming Wu, Akbar A. Javadi, Zhiheng Dai","doi":"10.1007/s12205-024-2328-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-2328-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the rapid development of urban rail transit systems, the shield tunneling technology has become indispensable for urban tunnel construction. However, the theoretical study of the shield tunneling process is not mature enough in view of the complex mechanical properties of the shield machine and the surrounding soil. In this paper, the attitudinal change behavior of earth pressure balanced shield machines (EPB) during the tunneling process is investigated, and comprehensive theoretical expressions for the normal and frictional forces acting on the shield periphery and cutter face are derived. The discretization equations for the normal forces acting on the shield periphery are given based on the meshing and interpolation method. Based on the above studies, the mechanical equilibrium equations of the shield are established to accurately solve for the shield forces and shield attitude characteristics, as well as to verify the computational accuracy of the theoretical solution. Through the analysis of a practical project involving longitudinal tunneling, it is confirmed that the theoretical calculation model can better reflect the mechanical behavior of the earth pressure balanced shield.</p>","PeriodicalId":17897,"journal":{"name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141939003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Artificial Neural Networks and Regression-based Methods for Modeling Daily Dissolved Oxygen Concentration: A Study Based on Long-term Monitored Data","authors":"Sinan Nacar, Betul Mete, Adem Bayram","doi":"10.1007/s12205-024-2613-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-2613-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the ability of regression-based methods, namely conventional regression analysis (CRA) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and artificial neural networks (ANNs) method was investigated to model the river dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Daily average data for discharge and water-quality (WQ) indicators, which include DO concentration, temperature, specific conductance, and pH, were provided for the monitoring stations USGS 14210000 (upstream) and USGS 14211010 (downstream) in the Clackamas River, Oregon, USA. Eight models were established using different combinations of the input parameters and tested to determine the contribution of each parameter used in the modeling to the performance of the models. The results of the models and methods were compared with each other using several performance statistics. Although the performances of the methods were quite close to each other, the highest estimation performance was obtained from the ANNs method in the testing data sets. According to the performance statistics, Model 8, in which all WQ indicators were included as input parameters, was selected as the optimal model to estimate DO concentration of different periods of the same stations. However, when estimating the DO concentration from one station to another, the highest performance statistics were obtained from Model 8 for upstream and Model 1 for downstream station using the CRA method. For the ANNs method, Model 1 having the single input for both stations was the best model.</p>","PeriodicalId":17897,"journal":{"name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Geosynthetic Materials for Tunnel Drains: Laboratory Tests and Image Analyses","authors":"Youngseok Jo, Wonjun Cha, Wan-Kyu Yoo, Bumjoo Kim","doi":"10.1007/s12205-024-1690-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-1690-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tunnel drainage systems are crucial design factors in tunnels because the accumulation of groundwater at the back of linings can affect tunnel safety. Geotextiles are used to facilitate the dissipation of pore-water pressure. However, chemical agents in the water can lead to clogging as tunnels age. In this study, laboratory tests and image analysis, namely Secondary Scanning Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), were conducted to assess the drain performance of five geosynthetic materials: four geocomposites and one three-layered Non-Woven Needle-Punched (NWNP) geotextile. Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) in liquids affects the discharge capacity of drains, and this capacity decreases with increasing confining pressure. NWNP geotextile is the most vulnerable to confining pressure as it lacks a core. The reason behind the significant decrease in the discharge capacity of NWNP geotextile is clarified based on the SEM analysis. EDS analysis investigated the major composition of the clogged materials, revealing that the primary components are carbon, oxygen, and calcium. Advanced imaging techniques can be utilized to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The results of this study can aid in the design and maintenance of engineering systems, especially tunnel drainage systems, that incorporate geosynthetic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":17897,"journal":{"name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141939008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Complex Support Systems for Large Span Tunnels: Investigation on Support Interferences and Effects of Constitutive Models","authors":"Bahram Salehi, Aliakbar Golshani, Jamal Rostami, Barbara Schneider-Muntau","doi":"10.1007/s12205-024-5581-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-5581-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ground settlement control is a critical aspect in underground projects with shallow overburden. In tunnels with large span, the use of common support elements such as shotcrete and lattice girder are not sufficient in order to provide tunnel stability with acceptable safety factor and additional supporting elements may be required. In this research, the effect of combination of multiple support elements, including shotcrete, fore-poling, nailing, and micro-pile to minimise ground settlements, have been investigated. This case study focuses on the Arash-Esfandiar tunnel, a shallow underground passage located in the northern part of Tehran, Iran with a total length of 1532 m. According to the geotechnical report, ground condition varies from silty sandy gravel to dense clay sand. Finite Element (FE) analyses were performed by assuming different constitutive models i.e., Mohr-Coulomb (MC), Hardening Soil (HS) and Hardening Soil with Small strain stiffness (HSS), to investigate the capability of linear and non-linear models on predicting the surface settlement in the study. The results indicate that axial and bending elements as tunnel support measures concurrently, affects more in ground settlement control. On-site measurements and the results of numerical modelling show a significant effect of removing temporary lattice girder on surface settlements. The research is novel in its application of various constitutive soil models – MC, HS and HSS – to predict surface settlement effects. Comparative analysis of FE results with on-site measurements reveals the significant influence of removing temporary lattice girders on surface settlements. It is found that while the MC model is unable to capture the full complexity of the conditions governing the project and the HS and HSS models demonstrate a higher fidelity in representing the soil behavior during the tunneling process. Whereas on-site measurements indicate a higher impact of excavation stages showing larger deformations. Considering the heights of the walls, during the final stage of excavation the invert didn’t have much effect on surface displacements.</p>","PeriodicalId":17897,"journal":{"name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141939004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}