WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy最新文献

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the effect of pore size and temperature on gas transport in nano-structured ceramic membranes for biogas upgrading","authors":"Priscilla Ogunlude, Ofasa Abunumah, Ifeyinwa Orakwe, H. Shehu, F. Muhammad-Sukki, E. Gobina","doi":"10.32438/wpe.8319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.8319","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of rising economies and environmental constraints, the demand for clean and renewable sources of energy is fast increasing. Biogas is a renewable form of energy that fits all expectations in terms of delivery, cost, and greenhouse emissions reduction. Biogas utilization is advantageous because it is a means of creating wealth from daily human, agricultural, household and municipal waste that could otherwise be polluting the environment as waste is deposited on a daily basis which are potential biogas sources; it is not dependent on weather conditions as other renewable forms (solar and wind). Biogas can also be compressed, stored and transported, and therefore easily responds to changes in demand. This paper entails the use of nano-structured membranes to upgrade biogas (which contains primarily methane and carbon dioxide). The benefits of membranes include their compact structure and ease of usage with low maintenance, their low running costs and minimal loss of the upgraded gas. 15nm, 200nm and 6000nm membranes were used to ascertain the flux of the model biogas mixture passing through it under various operating conditions. In each case, the exit flowrate of methane was higher than that of carbon dioxide and this is attributed to the pore sizes of the membrane and its ability to filter the heavier gases. The results show that the molecular weight of the gases also play a role in their permeation rate as it follows the Knudsen regime.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126907841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood biomass market development in the Slovak Republic","authors":"E. Horská, E. Loučanová, P. Bielik, V. Kaputa, Andrej Jahnátek, Hana Maťová, H. Paluš","doi":"10.32438/wpe.8719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.8719","url":null,"abstract":"One of the priorities of the EU is the creation of a resilient Energy Union with a forward looking climate policy that is capable of delivering the adopted 2020 and 2030 climate and energy targets and the EU's longer-term climate objectives. To achieve this, the EU has to decarbonize its energy supply, integrate the fragmented national energy markets into a smooth functioning and coherent European system, and set up a framework that allows the effective coordination of national states efforts. The paper deals with situation on the wooden biomass market in the frame of the Slovak Republic, and, marginally in a broader, the Central-European context. Slovakia is developing its renewable energy market based on the significant biomass resources. However, the wood biomass market is highly competitive, influenced by natural disturbances (wood supply), foreign demand, situation on the Central European market, utilisation of established capacities, launching additional resources and pressure on the prices of wood assortments. There are three major sectors consuming wood biomass: the pulp and paper industry, producers of wood-based panels and energy sector. Consumption of the wood biomass among the three competing sectors is analysed in the country range including the comparison of prices of pulpwood and wood chips. The paper also explains wood biomass market distortion and problems with the round wood assortments distribution (among sectors), and failure in respect to the principle of “wood cascading”. This paper is a part of the research study “Analysis of availability of main and alternative resources for pulp and paper industry.”","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121592830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the Swedish municipalities in the transition towards sustainable energy systems","authors":"M. Andersson, Louise Ödlund, H. Westling","doi":"10.32438/wpe.3319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.3319","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is affecting the planet on a global level and it is of vital importance that actors in the energy system work together to achieve political goals, such as the United Nations' goal which states that the global temperature increase should be kept far below 2 °C. There is a need of actions and collaboration throughout the society. The aim of this paper is to make visible the role of Swedish municipalities in the transition towards sustainable energy systems. The paper presents a study of some ongoing activities and collaborations for increased sustainability where municipalities play a clear role. The study focuses on three areas; (1) municipalities´ activities towards citizens and business community, (2) municipalities’ activities linked to collaboration with other actors, and (3) challenges related to these activities. The study is based on information from a literature search and interviews. Representatives from eight Swedish municipalities have been interviewed. The result shows that the municipalities are involved in various activities and collaborations. This is done via networks, projects, consulting, information dissemination, showing good examples, tryout activities and nudging. Some important challenges have been found. One of them is the transport sector and how to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Another is to consider that the Swedish energy system is spread over a large geographical area with different opportunities and limitations concerning electricity production and the sizes of the municipalities. Energy system measures and policy programs need to consider these differences to minimize the risk for sub-optimal energy-system measures. A third challenge is the lack of time and resources within the municipalities to engage enough in energy and climate issues.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132537828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and simulation study of CO2 capturing process in coal fired power plant using various amine solvents","authors":"Basudeb Munshi, S. Panda, Arvind Kumar","doi":"10.32438/wpe.5919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.5919","url":null,"abstract":"In the present world, Scientists are very much concern on to reduce the concentration level of carbon dioxide in environment to save the world. In the present work, the CO2 capturing efficiencies of three different amine solvents were analyzed. The selected solvents were mono-ethanol amine (MEA), solvent containing mixture of methyl diethanol amine (MDEA) and piperazine (PZ) called activated -MDEA and aqueous ammonia (NH3) solution. Rigorous simulation method was considered in the current study. The effects of different key parameters for different solvents on the CO2 removal efficiency were analyzed. Packing height, solvent temperature and absorber height were the significant influential parameters for MEA system whereas for activated-MDEA (a-MDEA), those are the ratio of the solvent to feed quantity and the mixed solvent PZ concentration level. For aqueous NH3 solution, absorber and stripper’s temperature, CO2 loading, concentration of NH3, height of the absorber, lean and rich solvent flow rate, boil up ratio, regeneration energy, temperature of the condenser, and duty of the reboiler were considered. The comparative study showed that MEA process recovered the maximum CO2 from flue gas. But it was suffered by the maximum regeneration duty. a-MDEA with PZ recovered 91% CO2. Overall, technically, a-MDEA was the best choice as solvent. Compared to a-MDEA and MEA, aqueous ammonia was identified as more propitious and environment friendly solvent due to its satisfactory performance and easy availability.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116626630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Class action for prevention and mitigation of soots in Rivers State of Nigeria: lessons from other jurisdictions","authors":"Samuel Dike, Prince Godwin Gininwa","doi":"10.32438//wpe.1719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438//wpe.1719","url":null,"abstract":"The residents of Port Harcourt and its environs recently experienced black substance, known as carbon or soot with dull brown particles produced by incomplete combustion of crude oil and other waste materials within the environs. Many residents, including the government are really concerned about the impacts of this substance on public health, and the ecosystem. This concern is germane because of the trans- boundary nature of carbon emissions, and coupled with the serious negative health impacts on the residents. For now, it is not quite feasible to quantify the magnitude of impacts because some impacts are temporary while others are irreversible. Being a novel occurrence in this part of the world, some traditional legal and regulatory frameworks did not anticipate this occurrence and are thus inadequate in addressing the problem. Similarly, private actions by aggrieved citizens had proven inadequate in redressing grave air pollution cases in Nigeria; hence the need for class action. The Rivers State Governments and other Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) in the state seemed overwhelmed with this development since the soot was first noticed in 2016 but not much have been done by the relevant agencies of government, to stem this menace. We argue that past efforts by these agencies have largely been episodic thereby occasioning serious havoc to human health and the ecosystem around Port Harcourt. The objective of this paper is to appraise the causes of soot in Port Harcourt, determine appropriate preventive measures and makes appropriate recommendations, drawing lessons from other jurisdictions.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114848156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daylight glare mitigation by internal shading devices use and effects on building energy performance","authors":"D. L. R. Garcia, F. O. Pereira","doi":"10.32438/wpe.3519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.3519","url":null,"abstract":"Daylight glare arouses buildings’ occupants to insert internal shading devices. When solving glare issues, shading strategies can increase internal temperature and building cooling energy consumption, especially in hot climates. Indoor environmental quality has been treated through architectural and engineering projects utilising spatial-temporal metrics and controls algorithms. This article focused on investigating some interactions between user behaviour, shading devices proprieties, and their effects on building’s luminous and thermal environment. This research aimed to relate daylight glare probability’s reductions through internal shading devices uses, with their effects on the window’s solar heat gain and energy cooling demand. Using building modelling and simulation approach through Rhinoceros 3D 5.0 and plug-ins Grasshopper+DIVA, Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) hourly values were generated for an occupant, 1.5 m away from the window at a side lit-room. The open-access model is a typical private office in the multi-floors building. Window’s solar heat gains and energy cooling demands were recorded using EnergyPlus 8.4 software. The model was simulated in East, West, North and South orientations, at Florianópolis. Subtropical Brazilian city. Starting from ‘without solar control’ cases, 8 controls were applied to 4 internal shading devices: blinds 50°, blinds 0°, curtains and roller shades. Clearer and darker colours were considered by two proprieties sets. From two fixed obstruction modes (100% and 50%), DGPintolerable (>45%) and direct solar radiation (>50W/m²) were applied to proposed monthly, daily and automatic controls. DGPintolerable annual frequencies at uncontrolled condition varied from 30% to 65%. These differences pointed out design guidelines according to façades. It has been confirmed that 0° blinds don’t secure daylight glare and increase energy cooling demand. Dark roller shades, curtains and blinds 50° completely solved glare problems, controlled by ‘always 100% closed’ mode and DGPintolerable based controls. Clear devices still allowed 2% of DGPintolerable frequency. However, clear roller shades contributed to reducing annual cooling demand until 11.5% while other devices achieved until 52% increase. Dark curtains indicated maximum increased in annual window’s solar heat gain (3%). Obtained results allowed identifying some design guidelines to balance daylight glare protection and energy-efficiency, contributing to sustainable building design and low impact architecture.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126607079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Municipal Solid Waste as a valuable recycled asset for small-scale electricity production in rural communities","authors":"V. Silva, João Cardoso, P. Brito, L. Tarelho, J. Luz","doi":"10.32438/wpe.7719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.7719","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal solid waste provides an opportunity for electricity production. This strategy provides the rural communities a potential waste-to-energy opportunity to manage its costly residues problem, turning them into a valuable recycled asset. To address this issue, a techno-economic study of an integrated system comprising gasification of Acacia residues and Portuguese Municipal Solid Waste (PMSW) with an Internal Combustion Engine-Generator (ICEG) for electricity generation at small-scale (100 kW) was developed. Current studies only devote attention to biomass residues and do not explore MSW potential to eschew biomass supply shortage. Conventional systems are generally part of biomass supply chains, limiting flexibility and all year operation for their operators. Experimental data was gathered at a downdraft gasifier to provide a clear assessment of particle and tar concentration in the syngas and levers conditioning a satisfactory ICE operation. Once the potential of using Acacia residues and PMSW has been proven during gasification runs testing, and validation, a set of new conditions was also explored through a high-fidelity CFD model. We find that residues blends have the highest potential to generate high-quality syngas and smallest exposure to supply disruption. Despite both substrates showing potential at specific conditions, they also present individual drawbacks which will be best mitigated by executing a hybrid supply comprising the mix of substrates. An economic model coupling the financial indicators of net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and the payback period (PBP) considering a project lifetime of 25 years was developed. Cost factors include expenses with electricity generation, initial investment, amortizations and operation and maintenance (containing fuels costs). Revenues were estimated from electricity generated and sales to the national grid. A sensitivity analysis based on the Monte Carlo method was used to measure the economic model performance and to determine the risk in investing in such venture. The risk appraisal yielded favorable investment projections, with an NPV reaching positive values, an IRR superior to the discount rate and PBP lower than the project life span. This work allowed to confirm the positive effect of the generation of energy from downdraft gasification plants on a small-scale. Regardless of the project’s feasibility, the economic performance depended to a large extent on the electricity prices which present considerable variability and are subject to political decisions.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122619327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of thermoelectric generator by using lead telluride, perovskites, skutterudites and tetrahedrites","authors":"P. Mane, Deepali Atheaya","doi":"10.32438/wpe.7319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.7319","url":null,"abstract":"In this research paper performance analysis of thermoelectric generator by using lead telluride, perovskites, skutterudites and tetrahedrites has been proposed. The performance of thermoelectric materials and thermoelectric modules has been calculated. These thermoelectric materials were combined to make thermoelectric couple which will be used in thermoelectric generator. The performance analysis of these thermoelectric couples were simulated on COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2 software. The results indicated that Pb1-xMgxTe0.8Se0.2 and n-type PbTe, Pb1-xMgxTe0.8Se0.2 and CoSb3-xTex, Pb1-xMgxTe0.8Se0.2 and CaMn0.98Nb0.02O3, Cu12Sb4S13 and CoSb3-xTex indicated higher efficiency than other thermoelectric couples. The proposed system can be utilized for varied range of applications for waste heat recovery and renewable power generation in automotive, industrial, power plants and space sector at an excellent efficiency and lower cost.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133915773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of trees on the energy consumption of a social housing in mid-western Brazil","authors":"R. Domingos, E. Guarda, E. Gabriel, João Sanches","doi":"10.32438/wpe.4819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.4819","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades, many studies have shown ample evidence that the existence of trees and vegetation around buildings can contribute to reduce the demand for energy by cooling and heating. The use of green areas in the urban environment as an effective strategy in reducing the cooling load of buildings has attracted much attention, though there is a lack of quantitative actions to apply the general idea to a specific building or location. Due to the large-scale construction of high buildings, large amounts of solar radiation are reflected and stored in the canyons of the streets. This causes higher air temperature and surface temperature in city areas compared to the rural environment and, consequently, deteriorates the urban heat island effect. The constant high temperatures lead to more air conditioning demand time, which results in a significant increase in building energy consumption. In general, the shade of the trees reduces the building energy demand for air conditioning, reducing solar radiation on the walls and roofs. The increase of urban green spaces has been extensively accepted as effective in mitigating the effects of heat island and reducing energy use in buildings. However, by influencing temperatures, especially extreme, it is likely that trees also affect human health, an important economic variable of interest. Since human behavior has a major influence on maintaining environmental quality, today's urban problems such as air and water pollution, floods, excessive noise, cause serious damage to the physical and mental health of the population. By minimizing these problems, vegetation (especially trees) is generally known to provide a range of ecosystem services such as rainwater reduction, air pollution mitigation, noise reduction, etc. This study focuses on the functions of temperature regulation, improvement of external thermal comfort and cooling energy reduction, so it aims to evaluate the influence of trees on the energy consumption of a house in the mid-western Brazil, located at latitude 15 ° S, in the center of South America. The methodology adopted was computer simulation, analyzing two scenarios that deal with issues such as the influence of vegetation and tree shade on the energy consumption of a building. In this way, the methodological procedures were divided into three stages: climatic contextualization of the study region; definition of a basic dwelling, of the thermophysical properties; computational simulation for quantification of energy consumption for the four facade orientations. The results show that the façades orientated to north, east and south, without the insertion of arboreal shading, obtained higher values of annual energy consumption. With the adoption of shading, the facades obtained a consumption reduction of around 7,4%. It is concluded that shading vegetation can bring significant climatic contribution to the interior of built environments and, consequently, reduction in energy consumption, pr","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127182366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing low energy school buildings using the new Building Bulletin 101","authors":"Yingchun Ji, J. Du","doi":"10.32438/wpe.7019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.7019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports an assessment of a school building design using the newly published Building Bulletin 101 2018. The requirements on thermal comfort and CO2 based indoor air quality from this new guidance document are very different from its earlier version published in 2006. Existing research reported that the new requirements are much tougher to meet compared with the previous version. The aim of this research is to examine whether design alternatives on an existing school building with 10 learning and teaching spaces can help in passing the new requirements using dynamic thermal simulation tool - IESVE.\u0000It is found that promoting ventilation, shading and night purging can all help mitigating overheating in the ten learning and teaching spaces evaluated. With the ‘as built’ condition, these learning and teaching spaces failed all three overheating criteria from the new BB101. Promoting ventilation can help some of the spaces pass the overheating occurrence criterion but not the overheating severity criteria. With added shading to block excessive solar gains, half of the evaluated spaces were able to pass the thermal comfort requirement. Boosting the night purging also helps to some extent in bridging the gap against the target requirements on overheating severity, however, there are still spaces which will not pass the comfort requirement. This may indicate that natural ventilation itself may not be able to provide thermal comfort for the given design. CO2 based indoor air quality requirements are less of an issue as higher CO2 concentrations always happen when the outdoor air temperature is low, boosting ventilation using automatic or manual control can easily resolve this. The research also highlights that one of the overheating criteria is much more difficult to meet, the appropriateness of this criterion is therefore in question. As the new BB101 was only launched very recently, it will be subject to further tests and evaluations in order to examine whether it fits for purpose.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128452011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}