WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy最新文献

{"title":"Deregulated LFC scheme using equilibrium optimized Type-2 fuzzy controller","authors":"Pulakraj Aryan, Mrinal Ranjan, R. Shankar","doi":"10.32438/WPE.442021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/WPE.442021","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals about the Load Frequency Control (LFC) of two-area deregulated power system with multiple generation sources using interval type-2 fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (IT2FPID) controller. LFC is the mechanism by which the power system tries to restore its nominal frequency after it has been subjected to load fluctuations. The control areas considered for this paper comprise of thermal generating unit with reheat turbine and gas unit. Considering practical scenario of operation appropriate generation rate constraint (GRC) has been considered for each units. The gain parameters of IT2FPID controller have been optimized by Equilibrium Optimizer (EO). The dynamic response to load disturbances have been compared with prevalent controller schemes to bring about the efficacy of the prospective work.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126077288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cool roof for improving building energy efficiency in moderate climates","authors":"S. Algarni","doi":"10.32438/wpe.1620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.1620","url":null,"abstract":"At present, maintaining the thermal comfort in buildings is a significant challenge faced by majority of the developing countries. In this study, the impact of the cool roof on cooling and heating loads of buildings located in moderate climates is studied. The study presents a detailed simulation of a test room to estimate the impact of the cool roof on building performance in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Input parameters, such as building thermal properties, operation schedule, orientation, and climatic conditions were implemented. Furthermore, the experimental study of the test room was conducted at the main campus of King Khalid University, Abha. The results showed that the use of the cool roof reduced the energy consumption required for building cooling by approximately 52.5 kWh/m2/year; whereas the maximum increase in energy consumption owing to the winter heating is about 3.1 kWh/m2/year. The indoor thermal comfort was improved because the maximum indoor temperature decreased by 2.7 °C. The study concludes that the cool roof is an effective method to improve the indoor thermal comfort and reduce building energy consumption in Abha, Saudi Arabia and places with similar climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128969259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of the influence of external urban environmental conditions in the building windows performance","authors":"Eusébio Conceiçã, João Gomes, M. Lúcio, M. Conceição, H. Awbi","doi":"10.32438/wpe.0320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.0320","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a numerical study of the influence of external urban environmental conditions, namely, the solar radiation, in the building windows performance. A software that simulates the building thermal behaviour with complex topology, in transient conditions, is developed and used in the study of indoor air quality and indoor thermal comfort of the occupants of a building, under typical summer conditions. As management strategy was implemented a control system to the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) using the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) index as controllable variable. The studied university building is located in a Mediterranean-type climate in the south of Portugal. The indoor thermal comfort, evaluated by the PMV index, and the indoor air quality, evaluated by the carbon dioxide concentration, were obtained for all occupied spaces. In order to evaluate the implemented control strategy a set of results was obtained for the situations with and without HVAC system control. To exemplify the results obtained, two large compartments were chosen, one with windows facing South and the other without windows. As main conclusion, it can be stated that the use of the HVAC system controllable by the PMV index allows acceptable levels of thermal comfort within the category C of the ISO 7730 standard, and acceptable levels of indoor air quality within the limit proposed by the ASHRAE 62.1 standard.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129219471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic assessment of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in Swedish public buildings","authors":"Zahabia Gandhi, Hao Liu","doi":"10.32438/wpe.1420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.1420","url":null,"abstract":"Sweden aims to achieve near-zero non-renewable energy use in all the newly constructed buildings from 2020. One of the most promising methods of achieving these energy goals and reducing the net energy-use is using solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in buildings. Although some studies have demonstrated this method, the solar PV industry is growing rapidly. Therefore, the study aimed at using sources with the latest information to analyse the true potential of PV systems for the current initial cost of the PV system and tax benefits in Sweden. The study investigates the economic feasibility of a grid-connected solar PV system from a technical and economic perspective for a group of public buildings in Sweden. The hourly energy production and cost of purchasing deficit electricity was simulated for various tilts and ground coverage area to find the optimum tilt and ground coverage ratio of PV panels. The PV energy supply of four different systems – 26 kWp, 75 kWp, 80 kWp, 155 kWp – in different locations was simulated. The overproduction, own usage rate, solar fraction, investment cost, profit over its lifespan and the payback period of each system were compared for the existing as well as improved energy use. Honeybee 0.0.64 and SAM 2018.11.11 was used to simulate energy use and PV production. Results indicate that a system with a high own usage rate and specific yield was profitable when the selling price of electricity (excluding tax refund) was lower. However, a system with a higher production potential became more profitable when the selling price of electricity (including tax refund) was equal or higher than the purchasing price. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the system if the price of electricity or interest rates changed in the future. The outcome of this research demonstrates the techno-economic feasibility of implementing a solar PV system in Sweden and provides a set of benchmarks for comparison of such systems around the world.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127881676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of electrical charges in the pores of tofu waste for hydrogen production in water","authors":"I. Wardana, N. Satrio","doi":"10.32438/wpe.1720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.1720","url":null,"abstract":"Tofu is main food in Indonesia and its waste generally pollutes the waters. This study aims to change the waste into energy by utilizing the electric charge in the pores of tofu waste to produce hydrogen in water. The tofu pore is negatively charged and the surface surrounding the pore has a positive charge. The positive and negative electric charges stretch water molecules that have a partial charge. With the addition of a 12V electrical energy during electrolysis, water breaks down into hydrogen. The test was conducted on pre-treated tofu waste suspension using oxalic acid. The hydrogen concentration was measured by a MQ-8 hydrogen sensor. The result shows that the addition of turmeric together with sodium bicarbonate to tofu waste in water, hydrogen production increased more than four times. This is due to the fact that magnetic field generated by delocalized electron in aromatic ring in turmeric energizes all electrons in the pores of tofu waste, in the sodium bicarbonate, and in water that boosts hydrogen production. At the same time the stronger partial charge in natrium bicarbonate shields the hydrogen proton from strong attraction of tofu pores. These two combined effect are very powerful for larger hydrogen production in water by tofu waste.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122573064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IoT energy monitoring of a refrigeration installation","authors":"J. Uslenghi, Á. Sapena-Bañó, M. Pineda-Sánchez, J. Burriel-Valencia, R. Puche-Panadero, J. Martínez-Román","doi":"10.32438/wpe.2620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.2620","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an application for the energy monitoring of commercial refrigeration facility, based on the concept and technology of the Internet of Things. The purpose of this application is to offer support to the activities of energy audits ant to the implementation of energy management systems, where the energy consumption of a facility must be characterized, or the saving measures applied must be supervised. Among the main features offered by this application are the possibility of remotely monitoring the operating conditions of a refrigeration cycle, as well as its energy consumption. Likewise, its Internet connectivity allows the monitoring system to be scaled up and to group the measurements of several refrigeration installations, which transforms this application into a powerful tool for benchmarking. Internet access also allows notifications via e-mail under particular conditions of the operation of any of the facilities. On the other hand, the application has the capacity to collect and to store in a database the measurements taken by the field devices, allowing the generation of historical reports showing the evolution of the operation of the installation. The main component of this application is the industrial gateway, SIMATIC IOT2040, which is used to read industrial communication buses and to connect to the Internet. Likewise, the open source software Node-RED has been the programming platform used for data reading and processing.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131166325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exergoeconomic analysis of renewable multi-generation system","authors":"Vontas Alfenny Nahan, Audrius Bagdanavicius, A. McMullan","doi":"10.32438/wpe.1920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.1920","url":null,"abstract":"In this study a new multi-generation system which generates power (electricity), thermal energy (heating and cooling) and ash for agricultural needs has been developed and analysed. The system consists of a Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) and an absorption chiller system. The system generates about 3.4 MW electricity, 4.9 MW of heat, 88 kW of cooling and 90 kg/h of ash. The multi-generation system has been modelled using Cycle Tempo and EES. Energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of this system had been conducted and exergy costs have been calculated. The exergoeconomic study shows that gasifier, combustor, and Heat Recovery Steam Generator are the main components where the total cost rates are the highest. Exergoeconomic variables such as relative cost difference (r) and exergoeconomic factor (f) have also been calculated. Exergoeconomic factor of evaporator, combustor and condenser are 1.3%, 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, which is considered very low, indicates that the capital cost rates are much lower than the exergy destruction cost rates. It implies that the improvement of these components could be achieved by increasing the capital investment. The exergy cost of electricity produced in the gas turbine and steam turbine is 0.1050 £/kWh and 0.1627 £/kWh, respectively. The cost of ash is 0.0031 £/kg. In some Asian countries, such as Indonesia, ash could be used as fertilizer for agriculture. Heat exergy cost is 0.0619 £/kWh for gasifier and 0.3972 £/kWh for condenser in the BIGCC system. In the AC system, the exergy cost of the heat in the condenser and absorber is about 0.2956 £/kWh and 0.5636 £/kWh, respectively. The exergy cost of cooling in the AC system is 0.4706 £/kWh. This study shows that exergoeconomic analysis is powerful tool for assessing the costs of products.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121887922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficiency in housing and socio-economic development in Nigeria","authors":"Albert Olotuah A, Rukayyatu Tukur B, Kingsley Dimuna O, Abiodun Olotuah O, Olutunde Adesiji S, Ayobami Olotuah M","doi":"10.32438/wpe.5019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.5019","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficient houses consume less energy while maintaining or improving the comfort conditions of occupants. Energy efficient buildings result in less environmental impact and are economically and environmentally sustainable. Residential buildings account for the majority of electricity consumption in Nigeria. Because of the poor state of energy generation and transmission in Nigeria energy efficiency measures are necessary to reduce the energy required in houses. This would substantially reduce the dependence on the grid electricity supply. Energy efficient buildings have tremendous benefits in social, economic, and environmental terms. In economic terms the production of energy-efficient buildings result in growing market demand with higher quality and innovative buildings, and in social terms it leads to improved urban space and local climate, and liveable buildings. Energy efficient buildings also ensure resource efficiency, and reduction of Green House Gas emissions. Energy efficiency in buildings starts from the design of buildings, and through to construction and operation. The objective of this paper is the examination of energy efficiency in housing in Nigeria and its impact upon socio-economic development in the country. The paper focuses on energy-efficient design strategies, and initiatives to achieve low carbon emission in housing in Nigeria The paper examines the housing situation in Nigeria and the phenomenon of urbanisation which has led to unplanned urban growth, grievous housing poverty, slum formation, and near collapse of urban services and infrastructure particularly electricity supply. It affirms the need to adopt energy efficiency in housing and it examines passive design strategies and low carbon initiatives in housing construction. It takes a critical look at the adoption of sustainability practices in housing. The paper asserts that energy efficiency would enhance the growth of electricity consumption and boost the socio-economic development of the country. The paper concludes that energy efficiency is capable of engendering socio-economic development of the country particularly productivity and income growth.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133784136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban poverty, renewable energy and Nigerian business climate","authors":"Albert Olotuah A, Rukayyatu Tukur B, Kingsley Dimuna O, Abiodun Olotuah O, Olutunde Adesiji S, Damilola Olotuah E","doi":"10.32438/wpe.5119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.5119","url":null,"abstract":"In the phenomenal urban growth of cities Nigeria has experienced poor and haphazard urban planning. The cities are generally characterized by poor and inadequate and inefficient urban services and infrastructure. Energy use is closely related to the level of productivity in business and other activities. A primary challenge to the business environment in Nigeria is the deficit in infrastructure. The estimated energy need for Nigeria is 98,000MW per day. The country however generates an average of 3,500MW daily only. The result is an alarming shortage of 94,500MW daily. The low power supply makes electricity costly. Consequently the operating costs for businesses are usually high as electricity is indispensable in the running of businesses. The objective of this paper is the examination of the use of renewable energy in Nigeria particularly with regard to building an enabling business environment in Nigeria. This is in view of the incidence of urban poverty experienced in the country and its impact on the Nigerian business climate. The paper examines the urbanisation process in Nigeria and the resultant socio-economic downturn emanating from it. It asserts that phenomenal urban poverty, particularly infrastructural decay such as electricity supply has been experienced in the country which has been a handicap to the growth of the business environment in the country. The paper examines the energy situation in the country, and electricity generation and distribution. It critically examines an alternative direction of energy production and transmission in Nigeria, which is the resort to resources of renewable energy. Nigeria has an abundance of the resources such as solar, wind, hydroelectricity, and biomass. Policies, programmes, and strategies of renewable energy are examined in the paper. The paper concludes that the development would be an important key to building an enabling business environment in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"398 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124325222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of a direct current heating system and a gas furnace heating coil","authors":"Ali Taileb","doi":"10.32438/wpe.3019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.3019","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to compare the efficiency of a direct current (DC) heating system with an electrical furnace coil. This was done using a house lab as a test bed located on the Durham College Whitby Campus in Canada. The house is approximately 1000 square feet, originally built circa 1950's/1960's, with an existing gas furnace of 60,000 BTUs and an energy efficiency EnerGuide rating of 95.5. Three options were tested during winter 2016 along with the electrical heating element. Weather normalization was taken into consideration using data provided by the weather network. The analysis showed that the direct current heating system option 3 had a higher BTUH/Watt= 3.73 compared to the furnace heating element=2.25 BTUH/Watt which represent a difference of 39.6%. An energy simulation was run using the HOT2000 software to evaluate the direct current technology vs gas, oil, propane and electricity. In each case the direct current technology showed an energy savings better than the comparative technology. From the data collected and analysis, it can be concluded that the direct current system is a valid technology for heating buildings. It is more efficient than the industry standard electrical heating coil with an efficiency of up to 40% better.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133915133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}