使用新《建筑物公报101》评估低能耗学校建筑

Yingchun Ji, J. Du
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摘要

本文报告了使用新出版的建筑公报101 2018对学校建筑设计的评估。这份新的指导文件对热舒适和基于二氧化碳的室内空气质量的要求与2006年发布的早期版本有很大不同。现有的研究报告称,与以前的版本相比,新的要求更难满足。本研究的目的是检查现有的10个学习和教学空间的设计方案是否可以帮助通过动态热模拟工具- IESVE的新要求。研究发现,在评估的十个学习和教学空间中,促进通风、遮阳和夜间净化都有助于缓解过热。在“建成”条件下,这些学习和教学空间没有达到新BB101的所有三个过热标准。促进通风可以帮助一些空间通过过热发生标准,但不能通过过热严重标准。通过增加遮阳来阻止过多的太阳能增益,一半的评估空间能够通过热舒适的要求。加强夜间净化也有助于在一定程度上弥合与过热严重程度的目标要求之间的差距,然而,仍然有空间无法通过舒适性要求。这可能表明自然通风本身可能无法为给定的设计提供热舒适。基于二氧化碳的室内空气质量要求不是一个问题,因为当室外空气温度较低时,二氧化碳浓度总是较高,使用自动或手动控制增加通风可以很容易地解决这个问题。研究还强调,其中一个过热的标准是更难以满足,因此这个标准的适当性是有问题的。由于新的BB101是最近才推出的,因此将接受进一步的测试和评估,以检查它是否适合用途。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Assessing low energy school buildings using the new Building Bulletin 101
This paper reports an assessment of a school building design using the newly published Building Bulletin 101 2018. The requirements on thermal comfort and CO2 based indoor air quality from this new guidance document are very different from its earlier version published in 2006. Existing research reported that the new requirements are much tougher to meet compared with the previous version. The aim of this research is to examine whether design alternatives on an existing school building with 10 learning and teaching spaces can help in passing the new requirements using dynamic thermal simulation tool - IESVE. It is found that promoting ventilation, shading and night purging can all help mitigating overheating in the ten learning and teaching spaces evaluated. With the ‘as built’ condition, these learning and teaching spaces failed all three overheating criteria from the new BB101. Promoting ventilation can help some of the spaces pass the overheating occurrence criterion but not the overheating severity criteria. With added shading to block excessive solar gains, half of the evaluated spaces were able to pass the thermal comfort requirement. Boosting the night purging also helps to some extent in bridging the gap against the target requirements on overheating severity, however, there are still spaces which will not pass the comfort requirement. This may indicate that natural ventilation itself may not be able to provide thermal comfort for the given design. CO2 based indoor air quality requirements are less of an issue as higher CO2 concentrations always happen when the outdoor air temperature is low, boosting ventilation using automatic or manual control can easily resolve this. The research also highlights that one of the overheating criteria is much more difficult to meet, the appropriateness of this criterion is therefore in question. As the new BB101 was only launched very recently, it will be subject to further tests and evaluations in order to examine whether it fits for purpose.
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