WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy最新文献

{"title":"Influence of window area and thermal transmittance in the consumption of electric energy in mid-western Brazil","authors":"Gabriel Elaise, R. Domingos, E. Guarda, Giane Grigoletti","doi":"10.32438/wpe.4719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.4719","url":null,"abstract":"The opening of windows allows the entrance of natural light, however, allows the transfer of thermal load from inside to outside the building and vice versa. Currently, despite the technological advances, it is still not possible in many buildings to integrate natural and artificial light. The design of a building, its geometry, size and properly orientation of the openings can result in great energy savings. Hence, defining the ideal window area for an ambient in which there is a balance between solar thermal load, air conditioning and natural and artificial lighting would lead to an environment whereby the energy consumption is optimized. This research presents the already consolidated methodology for calculation of ideal window area, which aims at the lower consumption of artificial lighting and air conditioning, considering a residential living environment. The analysis of energy consumption was carried out using the DesignBuilder software and the climate file of the city of Cuiabá - MT was considered, in order to quantify the impact of the climate on the supply of natural light and energy consumption. The methodology was divided into 3 stages, the first one consists of the determination of the base case and the constitution of the types of materials for analysis of the different thermal transmittance. In the second part of the method the simulations were performed and in the last stage the results were analysed. The simulations were performed considering the opening area at each 10% of the facade, for three geometries (1: 2, 1: 1 and 2: 1) considering three construction systems. The results showed that the openings in the south facade consume less and that this orientation allows larger openings, as well as the use of geometries with greater depth. Also, the thermal properties of the envelope influence the ideal window area, and the larger the thermal capacity the larger the openings that can be used. The present research showed the importance of considering the adequate areas and implementation of windows in the projects through the simulation. The potential of using sunlight for lighting has also been proven, by integrating natural and artificial light.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132383551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local innovation for application of membrane system for supply of arsenic-safe water in rural Bangladesh","authors":"Tashfia Aktar, Hossain Barsha, F. Arafat, N. Khandaker, Barsha Hossain","doi":"10.32438/wpe.2219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.2219","url":null,"abstract":"Over seventy million people in Bangladesh are drinking arsenic contaminated water. There is a lack of available sustainable arsenic removal technologies in the rural Bangladesh. This paper reports on a successful retrofit that allows for readily available, cost effective and dependable membrane system application for arsenic removal in rural Bangladesh. The retrofit is very simple, overcoming the limitation of a hydraulic pressure by a low cost pump placement in line to the membrane system. The system was field tested in a well with high arsenic concentration 0.1 mg/L (Government of Bangladesh Limit is 0.05 mg/L), along with high iron and hardness. In the field trial, the retrofitted technology was successful and produced water that does not contain any arsenic (0.0 mg/L), low in iron, and low in hardness. The system cost, along with the retrofitting, is only a hundred and seventy US dollars, a sum within the reach of many in Bangladesh. It is also important to note that we are using an existing technology available off the shelf and retrofitting it using locally available materials. The work reported in the paper will create a significant impact relief to the people in the arsenic affected regions of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131780018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar thermal dehydrating plant for agricultural products installed in Zacatecas, México","authors":"O. García‐Valladares, I. Pilatowsky-Figueroa, N. Ortíz-Rodríguez, C. Menchaca-Valdez","doi":"10.32438/wpe.1119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.1119","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a hybrid thermo-solar plant for the dehydration of foods, built in Zacatecas, Mexico. The plant is integrated by a semi-continuous drying chamber with a capacity of up to 2 700 kg of fresh product. The thermal energy required for the drying process is provided by two solar powered thermal systems: an air heating system with 48 collectors (111.1 m2) and a water heating system with 40 solar water heaters (92.4 m2), a thermal insulated storage tank, and a fin and tube heat exchanger. The plant also has a fossil energy backup system (LPG) to heat air. The monitoring system measures and records 55 process variables (temperature, relative humidity, water pressure, solar irradiance, air velocity, volumetric and mass flow rates). Experimental results obtained with the solar air heaters and water collectors are reported. The average efficiency of the solar air heaters field was ˜45% with a maximum increase of the air temperature of 40.8 °C and for the water solar collectors field the average efficiency was ˜50% and the water in the storage tank reaches 89.6 °C in two days of operation. A batch test was carried out on September 26 with the thermos-solar systems for the dehydration of 282 kg of Nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) with an initial moisture content of 85.28 % (wet basis), reaching a final moisture content of 9.13 % (wet basis) in 9.7 hours. Both thermo-solar systems are able to deliver the temperature required in the food drying process (temperatures above 50 °C). According to the results obtained, different kind of food products can be dried on the thermo-solar plant designed, resulting in substantial fuel savings and environmental benefits. The development and implementation of solar drying systems technology, initially at demonstration scale, in the Mexican industrial sector could allow a technical and economic maturation of the technology, and the benefits could be presented in the short term.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124405258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change impact on thermal comfort in Mexico City housing","authors":"C. Heard, M. Eames, Esperanza García López, Sazcha Olivera Villarroel","doi":"10.32438/wpe.5319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.5319","url":null,"abstract":"A two storey terraced house was modelled in ESP-r with a simple window opening control strategy to represent typical dwellings found in Mexico City and the adjoining municipalities. Future weather data was generated for years in this century based on morphing methods developed from the literature and by the authors and a TMY weather file developed from historical data between 1975 to 1989 by WhiteBox Technologies. The population in the region under consideration is a little over 20 million which represents 16% of Mexico’s population. The present day climate is such that air conditioning is rarely used in single family housing. The main cooling strategy in the hottest months (Mid February to mid June) is window opening. This was modelled considering that if the interior temperature was at or above 18°C and the exterior air temperature was below the interior air temperature then windows would be open. The air flow was modelled using the flow network model within ESP-r. It was found that in the latter part of the present century, this strategy would become increasingly ineffective. This is likely to lead to a considerable increase in installed air conditioning in single family dwellings and a consequent increase in electricity demand and consumption leading to a need for substantial investments in electricity transmission and distribution systems in the region to bring in power from distant sources.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131446000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of BIPV modules under different climatic conditions","authors":"Juliana E. Gonçalves, T. van Hooff, D. Saelens","doi":"10.32438/wpe.6519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.6519","url":null,"abstract":"Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology has gained attention as a solution to achieve low energy buildings. However, unlike conventional PV applications, BIPVs typically operate at non-optimal orientation, imposed by the building geometry. Moreover, the building integration reduces the heat exchange to the exterior, leading to higher temperatures. This paper investigates the performance of BIPV modules in different locations by simulating a representative office room in a high-rise building having a BIPV facade. The locations considered are Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), Seville (Spain), Naples (Florida, USA), Cape Town (South Africa), and Munich (Germany). The facade is vertical and faces the equator for all locations. Results show the highest annual BIPV energy yield occurs in Seville, followed by Cape Town, Riyadh, and Naples. In terms of monthly yields, the highest values are observed in Riyadh and Seville in wintertime. Monthly yield is more uniform over the year in Munich, while important differences between summer and winter have been obtained for Riyadh. These results confirm the influence of the latitude on the BIPV yield, with equator-facing facades in high latitudes receiving up to 40 % less irradiation compared to a horizontal surface, with important reductions especially in the summer. In these locations, the use of west and east facades may be necessary to achieve a balanced profile over the year. Moreover, the highest average cell temperatures occur in Riyadh, Naples and Seville, while lowest temperatures are verified in Cape Town and Munich, which is consistent with the corresponding ambient temperatures. Finally, with lower BIPV temperatures and relatively high solar irradiation, Cape Town achieves the highest performance ratio (PR) values. Conversely, the combination of high solar irradiation and high temperatures leads to lower PR values in Riyadh and Seville","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116057539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic study on the removal of heavy metals by Cajanus Cajan husk","authors":"Mallappa A. Mallappa A. Devania, Mallappa A. Devania, Basudeb Munshi","doi":"10.32438/wpe.6019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/wpe.6019","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of heavy metals from wastewater has become crucial to meet safe discharge standards. Development of more economic process has been strived owing to high cost of adsorbents. Thus, biosorption process has become the area of interest to researchers and engineers. The present study has carried out the transient removal of heavy metals from wastewater by both physically treated and chemically modified Cajanus cajan (Pigeon pea) husk (CCH) as novel biosorbents. Work includes five different models such as first order, second order, nth order, first order reversible and second order reversible under the heading of prediction of transient concentration of metal in the solution are used, and under the heading of prediction of transient metal uptake capacity; fractional power, pseudo first order, pseudo second order, second order reversible, Elovich, intra-particle diffusion and film diffusion models are used to analyse the kinetic data. For a metal at any particular initial concentration the best kinetic model with the least RMSE is identified. Pictorial comparison between experimental and pseudo second order and pseudo first order model predictive data of Cd(II) and Cu(II) transient biosorption, respectively onto CCH are illustrated. The trend of the results shows a successful prediction capability of all the kinetic models used in the present work. According to RMSE data, it can be concluded that the best kinetic models are pseudo second order for Cd(II) and pseudo first order for Cu(II). It has been found that the required equilibrium time is always less for the chemically activated than the physically activated sorbent. At 100 mg/L initial metal concentration, pseudo-first-order model has been identified as the best kinetic model for the transient Cu(II) and the best kinetic model for fitting the transient sorption of Cd(II) on CCH is pseudo-second-order. At initial metal concentration of 150 mg/L, initial biosorption rate of 9.7038 for Cd(II) on CCH(N) is greater than 1.4553 for Cu(II) on CCH(N). These indicate that Cd(II) undergoes faster adsorption rate than Cu(II) onto CCH.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132533006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Use or Not To Use: A survey questionnaire on the integration of day lighting simulation tools in the design process","authors":"Dalia Hafiz","doi":"10.32438/WPE.54181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/WPE.54181","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129089259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Solar Passive and Active Strategies Applied in University Canteen with Complex Topology","authors":"E. Conceicao","doi":"10.32438/WPE.3518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/WPE.3518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129922961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the UK’s potential for heat recovery from wastewater using steady state and dynamic modelling - preliminary results","authors":"Shazia F. Ali, A. Gillich","doi":"10.32438/WPE.58181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/WPE.58181","url":null,"abstract":"By 2050, UK plans to create ‘low carbon society’. To meet this ambitious target, UK’s heating sector must be completely decarbonized. The identification and deployment of low carbon heating sources is thus an urgent policy and research priority. Recovering heat from sewage wastewater is relatively new and attractive option as it can help UK move towards its climate change targets while decarbonising the heating sector & reducing the reliance on fossil fuels. In the domestic context, wastewater is normally discharged at higher temperature than ambient (a carrier of heat/ thermal energy) losses its energy to (ground) environment before it reaches to WWTP. Recovering this heat from wastewater could be a considerable source of energy, revenue and is environmental friendly as it results in the reduction of GHG emissions, resource conservation and in increase share of renewable energy. In last decade, many cities around the world have successfully implemented wastewater thermal energy recovery but UK is lagging behind. Pilot project such as in Scotland is leading the way, but further research is needed to build the evidence base and replicate the concept elsewhere in UK. The Home Energy 4 Tomorrow (HE4T) project at London South Bank University (LSBU) was created to address this evidence gap. The project objectives include sizing the heat potential recoverable from wastewater at designated sites. The current paper forms part of the HE4T project and the second in series of output on wastewater heat recovery in UK. In this paper we present some initially measured data, variations in wastewater temperature and flow, steady state and dynamic model results wastewater temperature and the potential heat recovery of the designated site. Early results, their limitations and possible routes to address these limitations are discussed along with policy implications for UK heat strategy.","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121823941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Losses Estimation in Low Voltage Smart Grids by using Loss Maps","authors":"J. Velasco","doi":"10.32438/WPE.5218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/WPE.5218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177785,"journal":{"name":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133417057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}