Global Ecology and Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship Between Grazing Pressure and Environmental Factors Drives Vegetation Fragmentation Across Global Drylands","authors":"Yanchuang Zhao,&nbsp;Sonia Kéfi,&nbsp;Emilio Guirado,&nbsp;Miguel Berdugo,&nbsp;David J. Eldridge,&nbsp;Nicolas Gross,&nbsp;Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet,&nbsp;Hugo Saiz,&nbsp;Sergio Asensio,&nbsp;Victoria Ochoa,&nbsp;Bea Gozalo,&nbsp;Jaime Martínez-Valderrama,&nbsp;César Plaza,&nbsp;Enrique Valencia,&nbsp;Fernando T. Maestre","doi":"10.1111/geb.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate how grazing pressure, a key land-use factor, interacts with climatic, vegetation, and soil variables to shape the fragmentation of perennial vegetation across drylands globally.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>171 plots across 25 countries on six continents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Field data: 2016–2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Perennial grasses, shrubs, and woody plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a standardised field survey across 171 45 m × 45 m plots to assess grazing pressure, vegetation, and soil properties. Vegetation fragmentation was quantified using three patch-based metrics derived from high-resolution satellite images. Linear mixed-effects models were used to relate fragmentation to climatic, vegetation, and soil variables. Predictor importance was assessed through multi-model inference and validated using a random forest approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vegetation fragmentation increased with aridity, and this effect was 4.7 times stronger under high grazing pressure than under low pressure. The most influential interactions involved grazing pressure with soil amelioration (49.7% importance) and with vegetation cover (44.6%). Soil amelioration—measured as the enrichment of soil organic carbon beneath vegetation—reduced fragmentation, especially under high grazing pressure. In contrast, the ability of vegetation cover to sustain large patches diminished as grazing intensity increased. Soil amelioration was strongly linked to the proportion of facilitated plant species (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), whereas soil organic carbon alone—beneath vegetation (<i>p</i> = 0.37) or in bare areas (<i>p</i> = 0.94)—was not significantly related.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grazing pressure and aridity interact to intensify vegetation fragmentation, potentially accelerating land degradation in drylands under future climate and land-use scenarios. Mitigating this fragmentation requires not only enhancing vegetation cover but also promoting plant–soil facilitation processes, especially under high grazing pressure. These findings underscore the critical role of plant-driven soil amelioration in maintaining ecosystem structure and resilience across global drylands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Communities in the Americas Are Highly Bee Dependent Regardless of Biome or Local Bee Diversity","authors":"Aline C. Martins,&nbsp;Lena Heinrich,&nbsp;Alice C. Hughes,&nbsp;Katja C. Seltmann,&nbsp;Michael C. Orr,&nbsp;Thais Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1111/geb.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70101","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;All bees depend on angiosperms for survival, while many angiosperms depend on bees for reproduction. However, bee and flowering plant species richness do not peak in the same geographical regions of the world, suggesting that the flora in regions where bees are not as diverse, such as the tropics, may be relatively less bee-dependent. We test this assumption by analysing whether local relative bee diversity can predict the proportion of angiosperm species that attract bees (i.e., “bee flowers”).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The Americas.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Present.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Bees and angiosperms.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We map the proportion of bees to angiosperm species using recently available datasets of geographic distribution for both taxa. We then combine data from surveys on pollination systems for 56 floristic communities to estimate the proportion of angiosperm species with bee flowers in different regions. Finally, we test whether the proportion of bee flowers in a community can be predicted by a combination of relative bee species richness and abiotic environmental variables.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Broad distribution maps show that the relative richness of bees in relation to angiosperms decreases in tropical areas; however, there is no evidence that tropical floristic communities are less dependent on bees. Interestingly, the proportion of angiosperm species with bee flowers was almost always found to be around 50% across biomes, with some variation depending on the habitat type and method of data collection.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our results suggest that plant communities can be highly bee-dependent even where bees are relatively less diverse. While lower species richness does not mean lower abundance, and fewer bee species of specific life histories can still provide adequate pollination supply for a large number of angiosperm species, this pattern may impact how bee flowers interact with bees in different areas, and consequently how bees and bee flower specialisations have evolved over time.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degrading Waterscapes and Decaying Diversities: Assessing Habitat Loss and Fragmentation Consequences on Simulated Diversity Patterns Across European Freshwater Ecoregions","authors":"David Cunillera-Montcusí,&nbsp;Ana Inés Borthagaray,&nbsp;Jordi Bou,&nbsp;Matías Arim","doi":"10.1111/geb.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aquatic landscapes face severe threats from human activities propelling their deterioration. Waterscape degradation represents a main driver of the current diversity crisis, but its large-scale consequences for ecoregions are difficult to quantify. Here we provide a framework to assess the potential impact of waterscape degradation by simulating diversity decay of European ecoregions. Through this approach, we aim to identify regional sensitivity patterns to degradation and its large-scale determinants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 1984 until 2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Freshwater organisms with aerial or terrestrial dispersal capacity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reconstructed the European waterscape based on satellite data and explored its connection with diversity using metacommunity models. Subsequently, we generated a gradient of dispersal abilities and of waterscape degradation by systematically removing a percentage of habitat and estimating gamma diversity for each level. We synthesised the diversity decay patterns in two parameters: the proportional decay rate and the collapsing rate, which respectively inform about the speed of diversity loss and its acceleration as waterscape degradation progresses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed major differences in the potential response to waterscape degradation across regions. Connectivity and water cover emerged as primary descriptors of diversity decay, with ecoregions that have more heterogeneous waterscapes being the most resistant to degradation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study provides a first insight to a needed information: the large-scale consequences of waterscape degradation for biodiversity. This contribution focuses on the role that waterscape configuration plays in sustaining diversity and how it may differently decay with global change. Furthermore, the theoretical perspective developed herein paves the way to include further mechanisms and/or spatial changes at other scales. Our approach can improve conservation by considering large-scale features. Thus, the ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Janzen's Hypothesis Revisited for Soil Microorganisms: Bacteria Align More Strongly With Its Postulates Than Fungi","authors":"Yazhou Zhang,&nbsp;J. Aaron Hogan,&nbsp;Thomas W. Crowther,&nbsp;Minshu Song,&nbsp;Shijia Xu,&nbsp;Hang Sun","doi":"10.1111/geb.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mountains support disproportionately high biodiversity relative to the land area they cover. Yet, how montane biodiversity stratification varies with elevation, and whether patterns are similar among mountains, is a contentious issue. In the 1960s, Janzen proposed that the reduced climatic variability in tropical mountains compared with their temperate counterparts constrains species' thermal niches and dispersal abilities, ultimately leading to greater compositional differentiation across equivalent elevation gradients in tropical regions. This pattern has been confirmed for plants and animals but remains largely unexplored for microorganisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2008–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fungi and bacteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we synthesised global soil microbiome distributions from 268 elevational transects across 17 mountains to test Janzen's hypothesis for microorganisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bacterial communities primarily respond to latitude, temperature variability and elevation, whereas fungal communities are slightly shaped by temperature variability and latitude. The Bray–Curtis distance decay rate of tropical bacteria and fungi is higher than that of temperate regions. As latitude and temperature variability increase, bacterial endemism significantly decreases, while the trend for fungi is weaker. Bacterial community assembly is primarily governed by environmental selection and dispersal limitation, whereas fungi are mainly influenced by dispersal limitation and drift. Notably, the impact of dispersal limitation on bacteria diminishes with increasing latitude.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We confirm that bacterial communities align more closely with Janzen's hypothesis than fungal communities, showing steeper distance decay, higher endemism and greater dispersal limitation at low latitudes. The application of classical ecological theories to microorganisms should carefully consider the specific characteristics of different regions and taxa. Our study provides a basis for understanding the mechanisms that maintain microbial diversity along elevational and climatic gradients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Earthworms in Mediating Environmental Impacts on Mountain Ecosystem Functioning","authors":"Romain Goury,&nbsp;Tamara Münkemüller,&nbsp;Nicolas Bonfanti,&nbsp;Irene Calderón-Sanou,&nbsp;Jérôme Poulenard,&nbsp;Orchamp Consortium,&nbsp;Wilfried Thuiller","doi":"10.1111/geb.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soils host a quarter of all terrestrial species, and the pivotal role played by earthworms in soil ecosystem functioning is thought to be paramount. Here, we aimed to quantify the causal influence of changing environments, especially climate, soil conditions, and vegetation type and structure, on earthworm diversity and the subsequent impacts on ecosystem functions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>French Alps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2016–2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Earthworms and plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Along 17 elevational gradients, we sampled climate, soil conditions, plant relevés, ecosystem functions, and earthworm diversity from soil environmental DNA. Through a causal inference framework and structural equation modelling, we quantified how climate conditions structure soil conditions and vegetation structure along the gradients, how these three compartments shape earthworm diversity, and how, in turn, earthworm diversity modulates ecosystem functions in addition to direct environmental impacts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vegetation was the most important driver of earthworm diversity, with acquisitive plant strategies contributing to an increase in earthworm diversity, followed by soil organic matter. While climate was important, its impact on earthworm diversity was only indirect, through cascading effects mediated by vegetation and soil. In addition to the abiotic drivers, earthworm diversity had an important effect on three out of the four studied ecosystem functions (i.e., carbon stock, plant primary productivity and carbon and nitrogen limitation of microbes). In closed habitats, earthworm diversity was positively linked to proxies of carbon stock and carbon availability, while in grasslands, it was positively linked to proxies of nitrogen availability. Interestingly, aboveground productivity was found to be independent of earthworm diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study underscores the central role of earthworm diversity in linking environmental drivers to ecosystem functioning. We emphasise the importance of incorporating earthworm diversity ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay of Genotypic and Thermal Effects on Sex Determination Shapes Climatic Distribution in Herpetofauna","authors":"Edina Nemesházi,&nbsp;Veronika Bókony","doi":"10.1111/geb.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sex is a fundamental trait of many organisms, and sex-determination systems are diverse across the tree of life. Environmental temperature can influence sexual development not only in temperature-dependent sex-determination systems, but also in species with genotypic sex determination (GSD). Temperature-induced sex reversal, resulting from combined effects of GSD and environmental temperatures, may greatly affect population dynamics and extinction risk. However, the scarcity of research on sex reversal has constrained the assessment of its evolutionary-ecological significance. We assessed if climatic distribution differs between female-heterogametic (ZW/ZZ) and male-heterogametic (XX/XY) species in herpetofauna when taking into account thermal reaction norms (TRN; i.e., how temperature affects progeny sex ratio), as suggested by the ‘asymmetrical sex reversal’ theory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1970–2000.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amphibia, Reptilia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For all extant species where information was available, we collected data on their types of heterogamety and TRN from the HerpSexDet database, and on various aspects of temperature across their native distribution range from the WorldClim database. We used phylogenetic generalised least squares to compare environmental temperatures between XX/XY and ZZ/ZW systems within each type of TRN.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climatic distribution of extant species is explained by the combination of their sex-chromosome system and the shape of their TRN across amphibians and in infraorder Gekkota among reptiles. In these taxa, directions of the climatic differences conform to the ‘asymmetrical sex reversal’ theory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results underscore the importance of temperature-induced sex reversal in phylogeography, evolution, and species conservation under climate change, and highlight the need for more empirical research on sex reversal in nature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeographic Patterns of Soil Microbial Biomass in Alpine Ecosystems Depend on Local Rather Than Regional Drivers","authors":"Kunwei Wang,&nbsp;Xiangjin Shen,&nbsp;Decai Gao,&nbsp;Jonas J. Lembrechts,&nbsp;Mai-He Li,&nbsp;Beat Frey,&nbsp;Hang Yin,&nbsp;Hongli Pan,&nbsp;Jin Li,&nbsp;Xu Su,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Xiangtao Wang,&nbsp;Zhengfang Wu,&nbsp;Christian Rixen,&nbsp;Hong S. He,&nbsp;Shengwei Zong,&nbsp;Edith Bai","doi":"10.1111/geb.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conflicting distribution patterns of soil microbes along the elevation gradient in alpine ecosystems have been suggested based on observations from individual mountains. There remains a lack of biogeographical studies spanning multiple latitudes and climate zones, a scale appropriate to reveal general ecological patterns of soil microbial biomass (SMB) for alpine ecosystems. We conducted a large-scale sampling campaign along elevational gradients in seven mountains across mainland China and investigated the biogeographical patterns of soil microorganisms and quantified the influencing environmental factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seed plant species and soil microorganisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sampled aboveground plants and belowground soils along elevational gradients from closed forests located below the alpine treeline up to the upper elevational limit of vegetation in seven mountains. We analysed the distribution patterns of SMB and the ratio of fungi to bacteria (F/B) and quantified four types of environmental factors at local (i.e., plant functional traits, soil physicochemical properties, and topography) and regional (i.e., macroclimate) scales to determine the drivers of microbial biomass in alpine ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed a hump-shaped pattern of SMB along the elevation gradients, with a maximum near the alpine treeline. The soil nutrient status and plant functional traits played the most decisive roles in shaping SMB. Local-scale environmental factors were more important than regional factors in determining SMB in alpine ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study suggests that distribution patterns of SMB in alpine ecosystems are closely related to environmental heterogeneity rather than elevation alone. In the context of future temperature rises with global change, soil microbes can more easily track localised changes in microhabitats compared with top-down effects of macroclimate, indicating that effects of climate warming on soil microbes could possibly be buffered by local environmental factors in alpine ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity Drives Leaf Mycobiome Diversity Patterns at Global and Continental Scales","authors":"Mathew A. Harris,&nbsp;Martin Kemler,&nbsp;Bernard Slippers,&nbsp;Nils Hassel,&nbsp;Joshua Tsamba,&nbsp;Watchara Arthan,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Kellogg,&nbsp;Taylor AuBuchon-Elder,&nbsp;Maria S. Vorontsova,&nbsp;Sally Archibald,&nbsp;Gareth P. Hempson,&nbsp;Caroline E. R. Lehmann,&nbsp;Guillaume Besnard,&nbsp;Dominik Begerow,&nbsp;Andreas Brachmann,&nbsp;Cédrique L. Solofondranohatra,&nbsp;Michelle Greve","doi":"10.1111/geb.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70094","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Studies assessing large-scale patterns of microbial diversity have predominantly focused on free-living microorganisms, often failing to link observed patterns to established theories regarding the maintenance of global diversity patterns. We aimed to determine whether foliar fungi on two closely related grass hosts—&lt;i&gt;Heteropogon contortus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Themeda triandra&lt;/i&gt;—display a commonly observed latitudinal gradient in species richness and determine whether host identity, energy (temperature and precipitation), climate seasonality, fire frequency and grass evolutionary history drive the observed patterns in species richness and composition.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Paleotropical.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Contemporary.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Foliar fungi.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Foliar fungal diversity was quantified from 201 leaf samples of &lt;i&gt;T. triandra&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;H. contortus&lt;/i&gt; collected across the distributional range of these species. Mixed effects models were used to quantify patterns of diversity and their correlates among and within continents. Ordinations were used to assess drivers of composition.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Foliar fungi displayed consistent latitudinal diversity gradients in richness. Energy was a strong driver of richness at inter-continental and continental scales, while other factors had inconsistent impacts on richness among scales, hosts and guilds. Globally, richness was higher in regions of higher growing season temperatures and where hosts were present for longer periods. Composition was primarily structured by geographic region at the global scale, indicating that distance was a dominant driver of community composition. Within Australia, temperature and rainfall seasonality and the amount of growing season rainfall, were the dominant drivers of both richness and composition.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We find some support for the idea that foliar fungal species diversity is governed by the same factors as many macro-organisms (energy availability and evolutionary history) at inter-continental scales, but also that fungal divers","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Traits and Phylogeny Explain Plant Phenological Variations Among Native and Non-Native Species in Botanical Gardens","authors":"Faizan Shafee,&nbsp;Rayees A. Malik,&nbsp;Maroof Hamid,&nbsp;Anzar Ahmad Khuroo,&nbsp;Isabell Hensen,&nbsp;Robert Rauschkolb,&nbsp;Christine Römermann,&nbsp;Christoph Rosche,&nbsp;Eduardo Fernández-Pascual,&nbsp;Birgit Nordt,&nbsp;Anja Lindstädter,&nbsp;Alexandra Kehl,&nbsp;Barbara Knickmann,&nbsp;Elena Platonova,&nbsp;Martin Freiberg,&nbsp;Tomáš Koubek,&nbsp;Vibekke Vange,&nbsp;Manzoor A. Shah","doi":"10.1111/geb.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70091","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Phenological shifts are regarded to be the most pronounced indicators of global climate change. Worldwide, native species pools are being increasingly colonised by non-native species, thus shaping novel communities. Here, we investigate whether, and how, phenology varies between native and non-native species. We also examine whether functional traits and/or phylogeny can explain these phenological variations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Europe and Asia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;2022.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Perennial herbs.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We studied multiple phenophases and functional traits of 427 plant species across 13 botanical gardens using the PhenObs monitoring protocol. We used linear mixed models to test for phenology and functional trait differences between native and non-native species. Boosted regression trees were employed to identify the functional trait predictors of phenology variance between native and non-native species. To test the effect of phylogeny on these phenological variations, we estimated phylogenetic signal using Pagel's λ.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Native and non-native species exhibited distinct phenological patterns and functional traits. Native species started vegetative phenophases earlier than non-native species and senesced later. Similarly, reproductive phenophases varied, with native species flowering earlier and having longer flowering and fruiting durations. Native species also had higher specific leaf area, while non-native species had higher seed mass and larger leaf area. The variations in phenology were explained by garden location, leaf area, plant height, and leaf nitrogen. Most phenophases and functional traits showed low phylogenetic conservatism, suggesting a more important role of local environmental factors in driving these variations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our findings suggest that the phenological differences between native and non-native species, both in timing and magnitude, may change the community composition and structure under global change. Non-native species likely occupy a subset of native phenological niches, and this overlap may alter biotic interactions and ecosystem functioning. Future research needs to substantiate our findings under na","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AusAMF: The Database of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Australia","authors":"Adam Frew,&nbsp;Jeff R. Powell,&nbsp;Meike K. Heuck,&nbsp;Felipe E. Albornoz,&nbsp;Christina Birnbaum,&nbsp;John D. W. Dearnaley,&nbsp;Eleonora Egidi,&nbsp;Luke Finn,&nbsp;Jarrod Kath,&nbsp;Kadri Koorem,&nbsp;Jane Oja,&nbsp;Maarja Öpik,&nbsp;Tanel Vahter,&nbsp;Martti Vasar,&nbsp;Stephanie Watts-Williams,&nbsp;Yuxiong Zheng,&nbsp;Carlos A. Aguilar-Trigueros","doi":"10.1111/geb.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70090","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Motivation&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are central to plant nutrient acquisition, soil carbon dynamics, and ecosystem resilience. Yet, their biogeography remains incompletely characterised, particularly across underrepresented regions. Australia, with its characteristic ecological conditions, continental scale, and long-standing evolutionary trajectories, has been notably undersampled. This gap hinders our ability to make comprehensive inferences about AM fungal diversity, community composition, and ecological roles at global scales. The AusAMF database was created to address this deficiency by compiling high-throughput AM fungal community data across mainland Australia and Tasmania. The initial release comprises data from 610 georeferenced sites sampled between 2011 and 2023, covering all major climate zones and accompanied by standardised soil storage, DNA extraction, and sequencing procedures. Developed through a nationally coordinated effort, AusAMF offers a rare level of methodological consistency, enabling robust spatial and temporal comparisons while minimising post-sampling technical biases. Its design as a purpose-built, extensible platform ensures continued expansion using harmonised protocols—something not achieved through compiled datasets assembled retrospectively from disparate studies. Each sample is linked to associated environmental variables, allowing users to explore ecological drivers of AM fungal distributions, assess patterns of biodiversity, and support applications spanning from fundamental ecology to conservation planning. As such, AusAMF advances both regional and global efforts to characterise the diversity and ecological significance of these foundational plant symbionts.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Types of Variables Contained&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Georeferenced occurrence and abundance of high-throughput amplicon sequences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Spatial Location and Grain&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Australia. Decimal degrees between 0.0001 and 0.1 resolution.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period and Grain&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;2011–2023. Month and year of sampling.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa and Level of Measurement&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi identified to family, genus, and virtual taxon (VT). Geographic occurrence and amplicon sequence abundance.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Software","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}