Global Ecology and Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"Precipitation Steepness Drives Global Patterns of Changes in Bird Community Composition Without Major Phylogenetic Signal","authors":"Nanami Kubota, Pedro Abellán, Mario Gaspar, José D. Anadón","doi":"10.1111/geb.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the processes that structure biodiversity on Earth is a major challenge in biology. Our work tests three key hypotheses driving taxonomic changes in bird communities globally, focusing on nestedness and turnover components: (1) contemporary climate, related to energy and water availability; (2) climate stability, reflecting shifts since the last glacial maximum; and (3) climatic heterogeneity, describing environmental gradients. We also examine whether these processes explain deviations in phylogenetic composition from expectations based on taxonomic changes among communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Birds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We calculated total taxonomic dissimilarity, its nestedness and turnover components, between neighbouring cells considering all living bird species. We tested for significant phylogenetic over- and underdispersion by comparing observed phylogenetic dissimilarity to a null model. We used linear regression models to quantify the relationships between taxonomic dissimilarity and phylogenetic deviations with climatic variables representing our hypotheses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Precipitation steepness, that is, relative changes in precipitation, was strongly correlated with taxonomic changes (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 27%), driving both changes in local community richness (nestedness) and species replacement between different regional pools (turnover). These two processes were decoupled, with precipitation steepness driving richness differences up to 1200 mm of annual precipitation, and turnover being more relevant in hyperarid and tropical areas. Phylogenetic deviations were common (35% of global cells), resulting from both over- and underdispersion, but they lacked a climatic signal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our work supports the hypothesis that climatic heterogeneity, due to precipitation steepness, is the main climatic factor driving composition changes in bird communities globally, controlling local richness and transitions between regional pools. Changes in species composition often lead to phylogenetic dispersion or clustering, but the main processes responsible for taxonomic sorting are phylogenetical","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Plant Invasions to Compare Occurrence- and Abundance-Based Calculations of Biotic Homogenisation: Are Results Complementary or Contradictory?","authors":"D. M. Buonaiuto, David Barnett, Dana M. Blumenthal, Andrea N. Nebhut, Ian S. Pearse, Helen R. Sofaer, Cascade J. B. Sorte, Jeffrey D. Corbin, Regan Early, Magda Garbowski, Ines Ibanez, Daniel C. Laughlin, Laís Petri, Montserrat Vilà, Bethany A. Bradley","doi":"10.1111/geb.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Beta diversity quantifies the similarity of ecological assemblages. Its increase, known as biotic homogenisation, can be a consequence of biological invasions. However, species occurrence (presence/absence) and abundance-based analyses can produce contradictory assessments of the magnitude and direction of changes in beta diversity. Previous work indicates these contradictions should be less frequent in nature than in theory, but a growing number of empirical studies report discrepancies between occurrence- and abundance-based approaches. Understanding if these discrepancies represent a few isolated cases or are systematic across a diversity of ecosystems would allow us to better understand the general patterns, mechanisms and impacts of biotic homogenisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1963–2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vascular plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a dataset of more than 70,000 vegetation survey plots to assess differences in biotic homogenisation with and without invasion using both occurrence- and abundance-based metrics of beta diversity. We estimated taxonomic biotic homogenisation by comparing beta diversity of invaded and uninvaded plots with both classes of metrics and investigated the characteristics of the non-native species pool that influenced the likelihood that these metrics disagree.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 78% of plot comparisons, occurrence- and abundance-based calculations agreed in direction, and the two metrics were generally well correlated. Our empirical results are consistent with previous theory. Discrepancies between the metrics were more likely when the same non-native species was at high cover at both plots compared for beta diversity, and when these plots were spatially distant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In about 20% of cases, our calculations revealed differences in direction (homogenisation vs. differentiation) when comparing occurrence- and abundance-based metrics, indicating that the metrics are not interchangeable, especially when distances between plots are high and invader diversity is low. When data permit, combining the two approaches can offer insights into the role of invasions and extirpations in driving biotic","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to EuPPollNet: A European Database of Plant-Pollinator Networks","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/geb.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Lanuza, J.B.</span>, <span>T.M. Knight</span>, <span>N. Montes-Perez</span>, et al. <span>2025</span>. “ <span>EuPPollNet: A European Database of Plant-Pollinator Networks</span>.” <i>Global Ecology and Biogeography</i> <span>34</span>: e70000. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70000\u0000 </p><p>In the originally published article, funding information for some authors was missing. The missing information is included below.</p><p>JBL was funded by the Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt (MLU-BioDivFund). RT was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (Project No. 21-24186M). NDM, NH, YP and FM were financially supported by the ANR ARSENIC project (grant no. 14-CE02-0012), the ANR NGB project (grant no. 17-CE32- 011), the Region Nord-Pas-de-Calais, the CNRS, the French Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, the Hauts-de-France Region and the European Regional Funds.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of Vegetation Structure Differ Between Proposed Natural Reference Conditions for Temperate Europe","authors":"Elena A. Pearce,&nbsp;Charles W. Davison,&nbsp;Florence Mazier,&nbsp;Signe Normand,&nbsp;Ralph Fyfe,&nbsp;Maria-Antonia Serge,&nbsp;Paolo Scussolini,&nbsp;Jens-Christian Svenning","doi":"10.1111/geb.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70020","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Pre-degradation baseline conditions (references) provide crucial context for restoration actions. Here, we compare vegetation structure and its driving processes across the main pre-agricultural references discussed for temperate Europe: the Last Interglacial and the early-mid Holocene—before and after the arrival of &lt;i&gt;Homo sapiens&lt;/i&gt;, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Temperate Europe.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The first ~4000–6000 years, excluding the initial early-successional phases, of the Last Interglacial (PAAZ III) and Holocene (8700–5700 BP).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Plants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We use large datasets of pollen-based vegetation reconstructions (REVEALS) to compare open vegetation, light woodland and closed forest between the two periods. We use Random Forest modelling and downscaled climate data to assess whether climate-vegetation relations were consistent between periods, as expected if they reflected direct climatic effects on vegetation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Open vegetation was slightly higher in the early–mid Holocene than in the Last Interglacial, averaging 20% versus 16% in paired grid cells, respectively. In contrast, light woodland cover was lower in the early–mid Holocene, with mean values of 49% compared to 57% in paired cells. The combined open vegetation and light woodland cover was high in both periods, averaging 73% in the Last Interglacial and 69% in the early–mid Holocene. Closed forest cover was similar across both periods (Holocene = 24%; Last Interglacial = 23%). Notably, openness –climate relations from the early–mid Holocene cannot predict open vegetation in the Last Interglacial.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;These findings suggest that vegetation in the early–mid Holocene and Last Interglacial was affected by persistent, substantial disturbances, which were not controlled by direct climate effects, and that the main drivers differed between the periods, with the rich megafauna of the Last Interglacial and Mesolithic people as the primary candidates. Our findings support that early–mid Holocene ecosystems were a","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropical Niche Conservatism and Dispersal Limitation Jointly Determine Taxonomic and Phylogenetic β-Diversities of Odonata in Eastern China","authors":"Zhenyuan Liu,&nbsp;Bo-Ping Han,&nbsp;Janne Soininen","doi":"10.1111/geb.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70018","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Tropical niche conservatism (TNC) and dispersal limitation (DL) are major ecological and evolutionary mechanisms in shaping taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversities. While these mechanisms have been studied in plants and vertebrates, their roles in freshwater taxa remain unclear. We leveraged Odonata species distribution and phylogenetic data to map geographical patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversities, and to determine whether Odonata β-diversity is primarily shaped by TNC or DL and whether temperature seasonality is a key driver determining TNC.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Eastern China.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Present.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Odonata.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A moving window containing nine grids of 50 × 50 km was employed to quantify taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversities, including their turnover and nestedness components. A null model was utilised to calculate randomly expected phylogenetic β-diversity based on observed taxonomic β-diversity and site-specific regional species pools. The generalised dissimilarity model was used to assess the roles of climatic and geographic distances shaping β-diversity and to identify the key climatic factors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Taxonomic total β-diversity and its turnover component were generally higher than phylogenetic β-diversity in most Odonata communities, with phylogenetic β-diversity being relatively higher mainly in tropical regions. Current climatic factors independently explained slightly more of the variation in total β-diversity than geographic distance alone, while geographic distance independently explained slightly greater proportions of deviance in turnover components. However, their joint effects accounted for an even larger part of the variation in β-diversity. The key climatic predictors were temperature seasonality.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Current climatic factors, particularly temperature seasonality, largely shape taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversities of Odonata communities. Spatial turnover along the climatic gradient tends to involve phylogenetically related taxa, resulting in overall higher taxonomic than phylogenetic β-diversity, supporting the TNC. The joint effects of climatic and geographic distances hig","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LandFrag: A Dataset to Investigate the Effects of Forest Loss and Fragmentation on Biodiversity","authors":"Thiago Gonçalves-Souza,&nbsp;Maurício Humberto Vancine,&nbsp;Nathan J. Sanders,&nbsp;Nick M. Haddad,&nbsp;Lucas Cortinhas,&nbsp;Anne Lene T. O. Aase,&nbsp;Willian Moura de Aguiar,&nbsp;Marcelo Adrian Aizen,&nbsp;Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Arturo Baz,&nbsp;Maíra Benchimol,&nbsp;Enrico Bernard,&nbsp;Tássia Juliana Bertotto,&nbsp;Arthur Angelo Bispo,&nbsp;Juliano A. Bogoni,&nbsp;Gabriel X. Boldorini,&nbsp;Cibele Bragagnolo,&nbsp;Berry Brosi,&nbsp;Aníbal Silva Cantalice,&nbsp;Rodrigo Felipe Rodrigues do Carmo,&nbsp;Eliana Cazeta,&nbsp;Adriano G. Chiarello,&nbsp;Noé U. de la Sancha,&nbsp;Raphael K. Didham,&nbsp;Deborah Faria,&nbsp;Bruno Filgueiras,&nbsp;José Eugênio Côrtes Figueira,&nbsp;Gabriela Albuquerque Galvão,&nbsp;Michel Varajão Garey,&nbsp;Heloise Gibb,&nbsp;Carmelo Gómez-Martínez,&nbsp;Ezequiel González,&nbsp;Reginaldo Augusto Farias de Gusmão,&nbsp;Mickaël Henry,&nbsp;Shayana de Jesus,&nbsp;Thiago Gechel Kloss,&nbsp;Amparo Lázaro,&nbsp;Victor Leandro-Silva,&nbsp;Marcelo G. de Lima,&nbsp;Ingrid da Silva Lima,&nbsp;Ana Carolina B. Lins-e-Silva,&nbsp;Ralph Mac Nally,&nbsp;Arthur Ramalho Magalhães,&nbsp;Luiz Fernando Silva Magnago,&nbsp;Shiiwua Manu,&nbsp;Eduardo Mariano-Neto,&nbsp;David Nyaga Mugo Mbora,&nbsp;Felipe P. L. Melo,&nbsp;Morris Nzioka Mutua,&nbsp;Selvino Neckel-Oliveira,&nbsp;André Nemésio,&nbsp;André Amaral Nogueira,&nbsp;Patricia Marques Do A. Oliveira,&nbsp;Diego G. Pádua,&nbsp;Luan Paes,&nbsp;Aparecida Barbosa de Paiva,&nbsp;Marcelo Passamani,&nbsp;João Carlos Pena,&nbsp;Carlos A. Peres,&nbsp;Bruno X. Pinho,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Pons,&nbsp;Victor Mateus Prasniewski,&nbsp;Jenny Reiniö,&nbsp;Magda dos Santos Rocha,&nbsp;Larissa Rocha-Santos,&nbsp;Maria J. Rodal,&nbsp;Rodolpho Credo Rodrigues,&nbsp;Nathalia V. H. Safar,&nbsp;Renato P. Salomão,&nbsp;Bráulio A. Santos,&nbsp;Mirela N. Santos,&nbsp;Jessie Pereira dos Santos,&nbsp;Sini Savilaakso,&nbsp;Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud Schaefer,&nbsp;Maria Amanda Menezes Silva,&nbsp;Fernando R. da Silva,&nbsp;Ricardo J. Silva,&nbsp;Marcelo Simonelli,&nbsp;Alejandra Soto-Werschitz,&nbsp;John O. Stireman III,&nbsp;Danielle Storck-Tonon,&nbsp;Neucir Szinwelski,&nbsp;Marcelo Tabarelli,&nbsp;Camila Palhares Teixeira,&nbsp;Ørjan Totland,&nbsp;Marcio Uehara-Prado,&nbsp;Fernando Zagury Vaz-de-Mello,&nbsp;Heraldo L. Vasconcelos,&nbsp;Simone A. Vieira,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Chase","doi":"10.1111/geb.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accelerated and widespread conversion of once continuous ecosystems into fragmented landscapes has driven ecological research to understand the response of biodiversity to local (fragment size) and landscape (forest cover and fragmentation) changes. This information has important theoretical and applied implications, but is still far from complete. We compiled the most comprehensive and updated database to investigate how these local and landscape changes determine species composition, abundance and trait diversity of multiple taxonomic groups in forest fragments across the globe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Types of Variables Contained</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We gathered data for 1472 forest fragments, providing information on the abundance and composition of 9154 species belonging to vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. For 2703 of these species, we obtained more than 20 functional traits. We provided the spatial location and size of each fragment and metrics of landscape composition and configuration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Spatial Location and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dataset includes 1472 forest fragments sampled in 121 studies from all continents except Antarctica. Most datasets (77%) are from tropical regions, 17% are from temperate regions, and 6% are from subtropical regions. Species abundance and composition were collected at the plot or fragment scale, whereas the landscape metrics were extracted with buffer size ranging from a radius of 200–2000 m.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data on the abundance of species and community composition were collected between 1994 and 2022, and the landscape metrics were extracted from the same year that a given study collected the abundance and composition data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa and Level of Measurement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The studied organisms included invertebrates (Arachnida, Insecta and Gastropoda; 41% of the datasets), vertebrates (Amphibia, Squamata, Aves and Mammalia; 44%), and vascular plants (19%), and the lowest level of identification was species or morphospecies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Software Format</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dataset and code can be downloaded on Zenodo or GitHub.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the Full Power of Data to Characterise Biological Scaling Relationships","authors":"Milos Simovic,&nbsp;Sean T. Michaletz","doi":"10.1111/geb.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Describing Scaling Relationships</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scaling relationships are a central feature of global ecology, quantifying general biological patterns across broad spatial and temporal scales. Traditionally characterised as scale-invariant power laws, the scope of biological scaling has expanded in recent decades to include log–log curvilinearity and exponential functions. In macroecology and biogeography, a major focus is on quantifying these general relationships using empirical data, comparing observations across datasets and testing their consistency with theoretical predictions. This is typically accomplished by fitting linear models to log-transformed data, estimating slopes (representing scaling exponents or exponential rate constants) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and evaluating whether these CIs align with empirical observations or theoretical predictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Challenges of Existing Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accuracy of general slope estimates depends critically on the distribution of data across the range of the abscissa. When observations are unevenly distributed, with clustering in some portions of the range, slope and CI estimates become biased toward regions of higher data density. This imbalance increases the risk of type I or II errors, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions in comparisons of data with observations or predictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Bootstrapping Enables Accurate Estimates of Scaling Relationships</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We introduce a novel bootstrapping approach to address data imbalance in biological scaling analyses that improves the accuracy of general slope and CI estimates. This method enables more precise comparisons with empirical observations and theoretical predictions. We validate the approach by accurately reproducing a known slope from plant height-diameter data. Additionally, we demonstrate that fitting linear models to imbalanced and balanced metabolic rate-body mass data yields different slope estimates, leading to different conclusions regarding agreement between data and theory. Finally, we evaluate three common data processing methods and show that model fits to balanced data are superior for reliable quantification of general scaling relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating and Analysing Seabird Flyways: An Approach Combining Least-Cost Path Modelling and Machine Learning","authors":"Nomikos Skyllas,&nbsp;Mo A. Verhoeven,&nbsp;Maarten J. J. E. Loonen,&nbsp;Richard Bintanja","doi":"10.1111/geb.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We develop and test a cost framework to simulate the flyways of migratory seabirds, considering various environmental factors such as wind support, crosswind, travel distance, and food availability. Using this framework, we simulate potential migratory flyways for arctic terns and compare these simulations with tracking data. Our aim is to identify which combination of factors best explains the observed flyways. Ultimately, we seek to demonstrate how different environmental factors shape flyways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Innovation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We simulated 195 possible seabird flyways using a newly developed cost function that takes into account a number of environmental variables. We focused on the Arctic Tern, a transhemispheric migrating seabird species. Our model accurately simulated most spring and autumn flyways across the Atlantic Ocean (median RMSE ± standard deviation for all five flyways: 529 ± 201 km). The most accurate simulations for Arctic Terns breeding on Svalbard were those for which wind support made up ~70% of the total cost, while the best simulations for the Dutch population were those for which distance minimisation was ~50% and food maximisation was ~30% of total costs. Finally, by analysing tracking data using a machine-learning algorithm factoring in both wind support and crosswind, we were able to determine airspeed and subsequently infer whether the observed flyways optimised time and/or effort.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This analysis showed that Arctic Terns breeding on Svalbard followed effort-optimising flyways, whereas those that breed in the Netherlands followed time-optimising flyways. Our simulation-to-observation approach demonstrates that Earth's environmental and physical properties likely underlie the global distribution of migratory birds and therefore need to be considered in studies that evaluate the long-range movement patterns and distribution of birds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a More Nuanced Understanding of Long-Distance Rafting: Case Studies From the Southern Ocean","authors":"Hamish G. Spencer,&nbsp;Ceridwen I. Fraser,&nbsp;Elie Poulin,&nbsp;Claudio A. González-Wevar","doi":"10.1111/geb.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rafting is now recognised as a key process influencing the distribution and connectivity of several marine and coastal species. Rafting scenarios are, however, often invoked in ways that do not account for clear differences in biogeographic outcomes. Here, we illustrate the value of utilising multiple lines of evidence (e.g. different life histories, ecologies, and dispersal frequencies) in elucidating the historical, modern, and future significance of ocean rafting. We discuss these issues using a range of exemplar studies from the Southern Ocean, where rafting clearly underlies many different distributional patterns, although our conclusions hold generally.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Explanations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Such differences appear to be underpinned by variations in several life-history characters, with, for instance, direct-developing taxa more suited to long-distance rafting events that might span multiple generations. Rafting success is also shaped by a diverse suite of factors including the durability of the raft, the presence/absence of resources and competitors (intra- or inter-specific) at the destination, species' environmental tolerances, latitudinal movements in the position of oceanographic fronts, and the frequency and intensity of extreme events such as storms. Several of these factors are influenced by climate change, so a detailed understanding of their roles is increasingly important—particularly as many species' distributions are shifting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Future Prospects</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Southern Hemisphere—which has considerably more ocean than the Northern Hemisphere (81% vs. 61%)—provides biogeographers with a wealth of information on such processes, as well as intriguing examples of the puzzles we still face. Powerful new tools, including high-resolution genomic analyses, ancient DNA, and environmental, ecological and oceanographic modelling, are providing a more granular picture of biogeographical patterns. These novel methods, together with a broader consideration of the factors affecting rafting success, can pave the way for an improved and properly integrated understanding of the eco-evolutionary outcomes of long-distance dispersal via rafting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Productivity Decreases in Response to Recent Changes in Vegetation Structure and Climate in the Latitudinal Extremes of the European Continent","authors":"Julián Tijerín-Triviño,&nbsp;Emily R. Lines,&nbsp;Miguel A. Zavala,&nbsp;Mariano García,&nbsp;Julen Astigarraga,&nbsp;Verónica Cruz-Alonso,&nbsp;Jonas Dahlgren,&nbsp;Paloma Ruiz-Benito","doi":"10.1111/geb.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change is driving increasingly frequent and intense extreme climatic events, pushing many forests worldwide beyond their physiological thresholds. Despite the major role played by forests in the global carbon cycle, climate change threatens the future potential for carbon sequestration in forests. Hence, studies of recent changes in stand productivity and the underlying drivers over large areas are critical to understand and assess the forest carbon sink. We aimed to describe recent changes in forest productivity in the latitudinal extremes of the European continent and the role of climate and climate change in driving these patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Latitudinal extremes of the European continent (Spain and Sweden).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 1980s to the present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed data from &gt; 13,900 plots in Mediterranean, temperate and boreal regions using three consecutive surveys from the Spanish and Swedish National Forest Inventories (NFI). Generalised linear models were parameterised to assess how forest structure, climate and climatic anomalies (mean temperature, annual precipitation, drought, heatwaves) influenced forest productivity across two time periods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite increases in stand basal area, forest productivity declined over time. The effects of recent climate change intensified, with temperature anomalies increasingly and negatively impacting productivity in most regions. Region-specific effects were observed: Heatwaves and reduced precipitation in the Mediterranean, intensified droughts in temperate regions and increased precipitation in boreal areas further influenced productivity dynamics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results showed a marked decrease in forest productivity due to climatic warming over time and a differential sensitivity to extreme climatic events across regions, which will affect multiple dependent ecosystem functions. Our findings provide further evidence that altered forest productivity due to climate change may hinder the carbon sink capacity of European forests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}