Global Ecology and Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"Do Chemosynthetic and Coral Communities Defy Deep-Sea Ecological Paradigms?","authors":"Erik E. Cordes, Ryan Gasbarro, Andrea M. Quattrini, April Stabbins, Samuel E. Georgian, Robert S. Carney, Charles R. Fisher","doi":"10.1111/geb.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Broad biodiversity patterns (e.g., the latitudinal diversity gradient) are cornerstones of ecology that are fundamental in understanding the distribution of life on the planet. In the deep sea, declining faunal abundance/biomass with depth and a mid-continental slope diversity maximum are among the most well-defined patterns. However, they have largely been tested with samples of sediment faunal communities. Here, we synthesise new biomass, density, and diversity data with existing data from chemosynthetic and cold-water coral (CWC) communities spanning > 3000 m depth to test the validity of these paradigmatic hypotheses in deep-sea communities associated with hard substrata.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico (~200–4000 m depth).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present day.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Deep-sea macrofaunal communities associated with soft-sediment and hardgrounds (e.g., CWCs and cold seeps).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relationships between macrofaunal abundance and biodiversity versus depth were tested with Generalised Additive Models. Habitat suitability model outputs were used to assess changes in CWC habitat over depth. Beta diversity partitioning was used to quantify richness and replacement components of community turnover with depth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We did not find support for these paradigmatic patterns in either chemosynthetic or CWC communities; instead, we found idiosyncratic biodiversity patterns with high abundance and diversity maintained across depths.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that seascape-scale biodiversity patterns of the seafloor should be reappraised with due consideration for geological and biogenic habitat heterogeneity. We discuss the roles of localised energy sources, nutrient recycling/retention, and species adaptations as potential drivers of the high biodiversity and steady or increasing abundance at depths with relatively little sinking detrital carbon. Our results have major implications for the management of regional and global marine biodiversity, with the increasing evidence that chemosynthetic, cold-water coral, and other hard-substratum ecosystems are widespread throughout the global ocean and increasingl","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remotely Sensed Fire Heterogeneity and Biomass Recovery Predicts Empirical Biodiversity Responses","authors":"Rebecca K. Gibson, Don A. Driscoll, Kristina J. Macdonald, Grant J. Williamson, Rachael H. Nolan, Tim S. Doherty, Dale G. Nimmo, Euan G. Ritchie, Mark Tozer, Liz Tasker, Aaron Greenville, Adam Roff, Alex Callen, Alex Maisey, Alexandria Thomsen, Alfonsina Arriaga-Jimenez, Alison Foster, Alison Hewitt, Amy-Marie Gilpin, Andrew Denham, Andrew Stauber, Berin Mackenzie, Brad Law, Brad Murray, Brian Hawkins, Bridget Roberts, Chad T. Beranek, Chris Dickman, Chris J. Jolly, Chris McLean, Chris Reid, Craig Dunne, David Hancock, David Keith, Elise Pendall, Elise Verhoeven, Emma Cook, Emma Spencer, Felicity Grant, Frank Koehler, George Madani, Glenda Wardle, Grant Linley, James M. Cook, Jedda Lemmon, John Gould, Jonathan K. Webb, Joshua Lee, Julia Rayment, Karen Marsh, Kaya Klop-Toker, Laura Schweickle, Mark Ooi, Matthew Beitzel, Matthias Boer, Michael Hewins, Michael Mahony, Mikayla Green, Mike Letnic, Murraya Lane, Oliver W. Kelly, Owen Price, Renee Brawata, Rohan Bilney, Ross Crates, Ryan R. Witt, Ryan Shofner, Sally A. Power, Samantha L. Wallace, Sarah E. Stock, Shelby A. Ryan, Stephanie Pulsford, Thomas Newsome, Tom Le Breton, Vanessa Allen, Vivianna Miritis, Zac Walker","doi":"10.1111/geb.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare field-based evidence of plant and animal responses to fire with remotely sensed signals of fire heterogeneity and post-fire biomass recovery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>South-eastern Australia; New South Wales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2019–2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 982 species of plants and animals, in eight taxonomic groups: amphibians, birds, fish, insects, mammals, molluscs, plants and reptiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collated 545,223 plant and animal response records from 47 field surveys of 4613 sites that focussed on areas burnt in 2019–2020. For each site, we calculated remotely sensed signals of fire heterogeneity and post-fire biomass recovery, including the delayed recovery index. Meta-regression analyses were conducted separately for species that declined after fire (negative effect sizes) and species that increased after fire (positive effect sizes) for each buffer size (250 m, 500 m, 1 km, 1.5 km, 2 km and 2.5 km radius).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that species exposed to homogenous high-severity fire (i.e., low fire heterogeneity) were more likely to exhibit decreased abundance/occurrence or inhibited recovery. Areas with delayed recovery of biomass also had significant negative on-ground responses, with lower abundance or occurrence in areas where biomass recovery was slower.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fire heterogeneity index and the delayed recovery index are suitable for inclusion in monitoring and reporting systems for tracking relative measures over time, particularly when field survey data is not available at the landscape scales required to support reporting and management decisions. Locations with remotely sensed signals of delayed recovery should be prioritised for protection against further disturbances that may interfere with the recovery process. Research attention must next focus on how cumulative fire heterogeneity patterns of successive fires affect the post-fire recovery dynamics to further inform the application of remote sensing indicators as management tools for biodiversity conservation.</p>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean Rafting: Marine Litter and Benthic Stopovers Amplify Species Dispersal Opportunities","authors":"Sabine Rech,&nbsp;Martin Thiel,&nbsp;Gregory M. Ruiz,&nbsp;Linsey E. Haram,&nbsp;James T. Carlton","doi":"10.1111/geb.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rafting of organisms on floating objects, long recognised as a key process in biogeography and evolution, has undergone tremendous change with the rapid increase of ocean litter (plastics and other human-made materials). Resulting increases in raft longevity and abundance expand opportunities for marine species' dispersal. Here, we present a conceptual framework for the role of benthic stopovers by artificial rafts and how these likely enhance cumulative species acquisition and dispersal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Stages of Benthic Stopovers</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We define four stages of benthic stopovers: (1) landing (horizontal transport) or sinking (vertical transport), (2) retention in the benthic habitat (intertidal or subtidal), (3) colonisation by local species, and (4) re-washing (horizontal transport) or re-surfacing (vertical transport).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Colonisation and Dispersal From Stopovers</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fate of floating items and their attached biota depends on the interplay of local (site-related), regional (oceanographic/climatic) and object characteristics. Available literature suggests that stopover events on shores (horizontal transport) are most likely to happen in complex natural environments like mangrove forests or rocky shores. These can trap and retain litter in the inter- and subtidal zone, with access to suitable rafting species. Large and highly buoyant items, with rigid surfaces resistant to breakage, are most likely to complete stopovers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stopovers can enhance colonisation and dispersal of biota by increasing both the species pool and frequency of dispersal events by litter rafts. We suggest stopovers are far more common than currently reported and play an increasing role in range dynamics, calling for innovative research to address this knowledge gap.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quantitative Classification of the Geography of Non-Native Flora in the United States","authors":"Bethany A. Bradley,&nbsp;Annette E. Evans,&nbsp;Helen R. Sofaer,&nbsp;Montserrat Vilà,&nbsp;David T. Barnett,&nbsp;Evelyn M. Beaury,&nbsp;Dana M. Blumenthal,&nbsp;Jeffrey D. Corbin,&nbsp;Jeffrey S. Dukes,&nbsp;Regan Early,&nbsp;Inés Ibáñez,&nbsp;Ian S. Pearse,&nbsp;Laís Petri,&nbsp;Cascade J. B. Sorte","doi":"10.1111/geb.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70041","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Non-native plants have the potential to harm ecosystems. Harm is classically related to their distribution and abundance, but this geographical information is often unknown. Here, we assess geographical commonness as a potential indicator of invasive status for non-native flora in the United States. Geographical commonness could inform invasion risk assessments across species and ecoregions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Conterminous United States.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Through 2022.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Plants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We compiled and standardised occurrence and abundance data from 14 spatial datasets and used this information to categorise non-native species as uncommon or common based on three dimensions of commonness: area of occupancy, habitat breadth and local abundance. To assess consistency in existing categorizations, we compared commonness to invasive status in the United States. We identified species with higher-than-expected abundance relative to their occupancy, habitat breadth or residence time. We calculated non-native plant richness within United States ecoregions and estimated unreported species based on rarefaction/extrapolation curves.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This comprehensive database identified 1874 non-native plant species recorded in 4,844,963 locations. Of these, 1221 species were locally abundant (&gt; 10% cover) in 797,759 unique locations. One thousand one hundred one non-native species (59%) achieved at least one dimension of commonness, including 565 species that achieved all three. Species with longer residence times tended to meet more dimensions of commonness. We identified 132 species with higher-than-expected abundance. Ecoregions in the central United States have the largest estimated numbers of unreported, abundant non-native plants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A high proportion of non-native species have become common in the United States. However, existing categorizations of invasive species are not always consistent with species' abundance and distribution, even after considering residence time. Considering geographical commonness and higher-than-expected abundance revealed in this new dataset could support more consistent and proactive identification of i","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Define, Use, and Interpret Pagel's \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 λ\u0000 \u0000 $$ lambda $$\u0000 (Lambda) in Ecology and Evolution","authors":"William D. Pearse,&nbsp;T. Jonathan Davies,&nbsp;E. M. Wolkovich","doi":"10.1111/geb.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70012","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Pagel's &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ lambda $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (lambda) is a useful tool in ecology and evolution for describing trait evolution, imputing missing species' data, and generalising ecological relationships beyond their study system. Here, we review the various applications and interpretations of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ lambda $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, highlight common misconceptions, and show how confusion in defining and using &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ lambda $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; can mislead our interpretation of ecological and evolutionary processes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Innovation&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We highlight that: (1) as an index of phylogenetic signal applied to continuous traits, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ lambda $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; typically (but not always) ranges between 0 and 1, and is a rate-independent measure of the degree to which closely-related species resemble one-another relative to a Brownian motion expectation. (2) &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ lambda $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; estimated on incompletely sampled clades assumes random species sampling, which is rarely the case in ecological data sets, and likely has large uncertainty. (3) High &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ lambda $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; is a necessary but not sufficient prerequisite for phylogenetic imputation. (4) &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ lambda $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to A New Dawn for Protist Biogeography","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/geb.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pinseel, E., Sabbe, K., Verleyen, E. and Vyverman, W. (2024), A New Dawn for Protist Biogeography. Global Ecol Biogeogr, 33: e13925. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13925</p><p>In the originally published article, the reference by Kotyk et al. was given incorrectly. The correct reference is as follows:</p><p>Kotyk, M., W. A. Bourland, M. Soviš, et al. 2024. ‘Morphology Matters: Congruence of Morphology and Phylogeny in the Integrative Taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) With Description of Six New Species.’ <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>: 202, no. 1: zlad154. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154.</p><p>All in text citations should read Kotyk et al. 2024.</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity Within and Beyond the Native Distribution of Tree Species: The Case of Pinus nigra Forests in Europe","authors":"Alessandro Bricca,&nbsp;Borja Jiménez-Alfaro,&nbsp;Milan Chytrý,&nbsp;Kryštof Chytrý,&nbsp;Josep Padullés Cubino,&nbsp;Federico Fernández-González,&nbsp;Dario Ciaramella,&nbsp;Nicola Alessi,&nbsp;Olivier Argagnon,&nbsp;Bruno Cerabolini,&nbsp;Alessandro Chiarucci,&nbsp;Anh Tuan Dang-Le,&nbsp;Michele Dalle Fratte,&nbsp;Tetiana Dziuba,&nbsp;Ali Kavgacı,&nbsp;Ute Jandt,&nbsp;Ülo Niinemets,&nbsp;Mária Šibíková,&nbsp;Kiril Vassilev,&nbsp;Milan Valachovič,&nbsp;Wolfgang Willner,&nbsp;Gianmaria Bonari","doi":"10.1111/geb.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forests dominated by non-native trees are becoming increasingly common. However, their impact on biodiversity remains uncertain, with a debate on whether they represent ‘green deserts’ or secondary habitats for biodiversity. We addressed this question by evaluating the patterns and ecological drivers of taxonomic and functional understory diversity between black pine (<i>Pinus nigra</i>) forests within and outside its native distribution range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collected a continental database of vegetation plots with full species composition and related functional traits. We compared α- and β-taxonomic (TD) and functional (FD) diversity between understories of <i>P. nigra</i> forests within and outside its native distribution range, and modelled the relative effects of climate, soil conditions, and canopy cover.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found similar values of α- and β-TD and -FD in forests within and outside the native range. The response to local and large-scale drivers was also similar, with high canopy cover reducing α-TD and α-FD but enhancing β-TD and β-FD in both forest systems. Soil nutrients enhanced α-TD and α-FD and decreased β-FD only in forests within the native range, while drought reduced α- and β-diversities only in forests outside the native range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The same dominant tree species under similar ecological conditions resulted in low diversity differentiation between forests both within and outside <i>P. nigra</i> native range. Nevertheless, understory diversity was sensitive to different ecological drivers, with stronger effects of soil fertility and moisture on forests within and outside native ranges, respectively. These results suggest that <i>P. nigra</i> forests established beyond the species' native range exhibit similar diversity metrics and ecosystem functions as those within its native range. Our findings may be linked to the fact that <i>P. nigra</i> forests outside the native range were placed in the same biogeographical region as the corresponding forest stands within the native range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Megafire’—You May Not Like It, But You Cannot Avoid It","authors":"Grant D. Linley,&nbsp;Chris J. Jolly,&nbsp;Tim S. Doherty,&nbsp;William L. Geary,&nbsp;Dolors Armenteras,&nbsp;Claire M. Belcher,&nbsp;Rebecca Bliege Bird,&nbsp;Andrea Duane,&nbsp;Michael-Shawn Fletcher,&nbsp;Melisa A. Giorgis,&nbsp;Angie Haslem,&nbsp;Gavin M. Jones,&nbsp;Luke T. Kelly,&nbsp;Calvin K. F. Lee,&nbsp;Rachael H. Nolan,&nbsp;Catherine L. Parr,&nbsp;Juli G. Pausas,&nbsp;Jodi N. Price,&nbsp;Adrián Regos,&nbsp;Euan G. Ritchie,&nbsp;Julien Ruffault,&nbsp;Grant J. Williamson,&nbsp;Qianhan Wu,&nbsp;Dale G. Nimmo","doi":"10.1111/geb.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The term ‘megafire’ is increasingly used to describe large fires worldwide. We proposed a size-based definition of megafire—fires exceeding 10,000 ha arising from single or multiple related ignition events. A recent perspective in <i>Global Ecology and Biogeography</i> argues against a size-based definition of megafire and suggest that the term is too emotive for scientific use. We highlight that many scientific terms originate from common terms. These terms are often defined once they enter the scientific lexicon, enhancing both scientific understanding and public communication. We argue that standardised definitions facilitate better prediction, preparation, and management of fire events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Worldwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2022–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted an updated structured review of the term ‘megafire’ and its use and definition in the peer-reviewed scientific literature, collating definitions and descriptions and identifying the criteria frequently invoked to define the term.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We demonstrate an increase in the use of ‘megafire’ in the scientific literature since our original definition in 2022, with many studies adopting the &gt; 10,000 ha size-based criterion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We contend that abandoning the term is neither practical, possible, nor beneficial. Instead, consistent usage underpinned by clear definitions is essential. Adopting a clear, size-based definition of megafire strengthens clarity and comparability across research and management practices globally. Precision in terminology is crucial for advancing research, improving communication, and informing effective fire management and policy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longer Wing Bones in Warmer Climates Suggest a Role of Thermoregulation in Bird Wing Evolution","authors":"Brian C. Weeks,&nbsp;Christina Harvey,&nbsp;Joseph A. Tobias,&nbsp;Catherine Sheard,&nbsp;Zhizhuo Zhou,&nbsp;David F. Fouhey","doi":"10.1111/geb.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70033","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The tendency for animals in warmer climates to be longer-limbed (Allen's Rule) is widely attributed to the demands of thermoregulation. The role of thermoregulation in structuring bird wings, however, has been overshadowed by the selective demands placed on wings by flight. We test whether occurrence in warmer climates is associated with longer wing bones.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Current.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Aves: Passeriformes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Using computer vision, we measure wing-bone length from photographs of museum skeletal specimens for 1520 species of passerine birds. We then model the relationship between wing-bone length and temperature, accounting for allometry, the demands of flight efficiency and manoeuvrability, and a range of ecological and environmental variables.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Wing bones are longer in warmer climates. Our models, largely as a result of allometric effects, explain nearly all the variation in wing-bone length in our data, with a marginal &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;2&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.80 and a conditional &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;2&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &gt; 0.99.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Across 1520 species of birds, higher temperatures are associated with longer wing bones, as predicted by Allen's Rule. The vascularised musculature along these bones is maximally uncovered when birds actively hold their wings away from their bodies to aid in cooling or during flight. Conversely, the musculature along the wing bones is insulated by feathering when at rest, such that wings play a minor role in heat exchange when individuals are less active and may need to retain heat. While our analyses do not directly establish the mechanistic basis underlying the pattern we recover, given the asymmetry in the role of wings in thermoregulation, we interpret the positive relationship between temperature and wing-bone length to reflect increased demand for heat dissipation in warmer climates. Our findings highlight the role of thermoregulation in shaping even the most critical features of vertebrate anatomy.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/sect","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Temperatures Predict Smaller Niche Shifts Than Air Temperatures in Introduced Ant Species","authors":"Olivia K. Bates,&nbsp;Sébastien Ollier,&nbsp;Cleo Bertelsmeier","doi":"10.1111/geb.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Introduced species can establish in climates outside of their native niche and undergo ‘niche shifts’. However, studies of niche shifts generally rely on above-ground climate data, neglecting the potential buffering effect of ground-level or soil climates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 <i>Formicidae.</i>\u0000 </p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we investigated the impact of soil temperatures on niche shifts in 95 introduced ant species using both ordination and hypervolume-based approaches. We compared niche shifts using air temperature and soil temperature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, between 65.2% and 82% of species (depending on the metric) exhibited smaller niche shifts when considering soil temperature, with varying levels of correlation between air- and soil-temperature niche shifts across species (Correlation coefficient range: 0.56–0.73). Furthermore, air and soil climate conditions were generally more uncoupled than expected at random. This suggests that species use microrefugia and that this may explain the lower levels of niche shifts observed when using microclimatic conditions. Ecological traits, nesting type, forest cover and spatial spread did not consistently impact the differences across metrics in soil temperature buffering of niche shifts among species. This highlights the need for experimental microclimatic research to explore species differences in air- versus ground-climatic niche shifts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We overall highlight the importance of incorporating ecologically relevant microclimatic data, particularly for small, ground-dwelling organisms like ants. This study emphasises the ongoing need for a nuanced understanding of the intricate interplay between air and soil temperatures in the context of niche dynamics. Ultimately, soil-level datasets may improve habitat suitability models, leading to more accurate predictions of establishment success for introduced species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}