Global Ecology and Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"Functional Traits and Phylogeny Explain Plant Phenological Variations Among Native and Non-Native Species in Botanical Gardens","authors":"Faizan Shafee, Rayees A. Malik, Maroof Hamid, Anzar Ahmad Khuroo, Isabell Hensen, Robert Rauschkolb, Christine Römermann, Christoph Rosche, Eduardo Fernández-Pascual, Birgit Nordt, Anja Lindstädter, Alexandra Kehl, Barbara Knickmann, Elena Platonova, Martin Freiberg, Tomáš Koubek, Vibekke Vange, Manzoor A. Shah","doi":"10.1111/geb.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phenological shifts are regarded to be the most pronounced indicators of global climate change. Worldwide, native species pools are being increasingly colonised by non-native species, thus shaping novel communities. Here, we investigate whether, and how, phenology varies between native and non-native species. We also examine whether functional traits and/or phylogeny can explain these phenological variations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Europe and Asia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Perennial herbs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied multiple phenophases and functional traits of 427 plant species across 13 botanical gardens using the PhenObs monitoring protocol. We used linear mixed models to test for phenology and functional trait differences between native and non-native species. Boosted regression trees were employed to identify the functional trait predictors of phenology variance between native and non-native species. To test the effect of phylogeny on these phenological variations, we estimated phylogenetic signal using Pagel's λ.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Native and non-native species exhibited distinct phenological patterns and functional traits. Native species started vegetative phenophases earlier than non-native species and senesced later. Similarly, reproductive phenophases varied, with native species flowering earlier and having longer flowering and fruiting durations. Native species also had higher specific leaf area, while non-native species had higher seed mass and larger leaf area. The variations in phenology were explained by garden location, leaf area, plant height, and leaf nitrogen. Most phenophases and functional traits showed low phylogenetic conservatism, suggesting a more important role of local environmental factors in driving these variations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that the phenological differences between native and non-native species, both in timing and magnitude, may change the community composition and structure under global change. Non-native species likely occupy a subset of native phenological niches, and this overlap may alter biotic interactions and ecosystem functioning. Future research needs to substantiate our findings under na","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AusAMF: The Database of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Australia","authors":"Adam Frew, Jeff R. Powell, Meike K. Heuck, Felipe E. Albornoz, Christina Birnbaum, John D. W. Dearnaley, Eleonora Egidi, Luke Finn, Jarrod Kath, Kadri Koorem, Jane Oja, Maarja Öpik, Tanel Vahter, Martti Vasar, Stephanie Watts-Williams, Yuxiong Zheng, Carlos A. Aguilar-Trigueros","doi":"10.1111/geb.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are central to plant nutrient acquisition, soil carbon dynamics, and ecosystem resilience. Yet, their biogeography remains incompletely characterised, particularly across underrepresented regions. Australia, with its characteristic ecological conditions, continental scale, and long-standing evolutionary trajectories, has been notably undersampled. This gap hinders our ability to make comprehensive inferences about AM fungal diversity, community composition, and ecological roles at global scales. The AusAMF database was created to address this deficiency by compiling high-throughput AM fungal community data across mainland Australia and Tasmania. The initial release comprises data from 610 georeferenced sites sampled between 2011 and 2023, covering all major climate zones and accompanied by standardised soil storage, DNA extraction, and sequencing procedures. Developed through a nationally coordinated effort, AusAMF offers a rare level of methodological consistency, enabling robust spatial and temporal comparisons while minimising post-sampling technical biases. Its design as a purpose-built, extensible platform ensures continued expansion using harmonised protocols—something not achieved through compiled datasets assembled retrospectively from disparate studies. Each sample is linked to associated environmental variables, allowing users to explore ecological drivers of AM fungal distributions, assess patterns of biodiversity, and support applications spanning from fundamental ecology to conservation planning. As such, AusAMF advances both regional and global efforts to characterise the diversity and ecological significance of these foundational plant symbionts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Types of Variables Contained</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Georeferenced occurrence and abundance of high-throughput amplicon sequences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Spatial Location and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australia. Decimal degrees between 0.0001 and 0.1 resolution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2011–2023. Month and year of sampling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa and Level of Measurement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi identified to family, genus, and virtual taxon (VT). Geographic occurrence and amplicon sequence abundance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Software","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroevolutionary Patterns of Phytochemical Diversity in a Macaronesian Archipelago","authors":"Xoaquín Moreira, Luis Abdala-Roberts, Jonay Cubas, Beatriz Lago-Núñez, Nereida M. Rancel-Rodríguez, Cristina González-Montelongo, Gaétan Glauser, Matthieu Bueche, Emmanuel Defossez, Juli Caujapé-Castells, Víctor Bello-Rodríguez, Juan José García-Alvarado, Ángel B. Fernández-López, Pablo Vargas, Sergio Rasmann","doi":"10.1111/geb.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant specialised metabolites are highly diverse and serve various functions, yet the different forms of phytochemical complexity and their drivers are often not fully understood. In this context, islands provide a valuable opportunity to explore the drivers of phytochemical diversity and its adaptive significance, owing to their unique physical features and markedly different biotic and abiotic pressures compared to the mainland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Macaronesian region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contemporary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vascular plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated macroevolutionary patterns in the diversity of plant specialised chemistry by conducting metabolomic analyses of leaf samples from 54 species on the Canary Islands. Our goal was to determine whether the mean crown node age, which relates to a species' island residence time, influences phytochemical diversity. To gain mechanistic insight into selective abiotic pressures, we also examined whether temperature and precipitation, associated with species' climatic niches, affected phytochemical diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crown age did not correlate with overall phytochemical diversity but did influence the production of specific metabolite groups, with some types of compounds showing a positive correlation and others a negative correlation with crown age. Temperature and precipitation played significant roles in shaping phytochemical diversity, with temperature having a negative influence and precipitation exerting a positive effect. Both climatic factors also affected the levels of specific compound groups, driving either an increase or decrease depending on the metabolite type.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings reveal novel linkages between phytochemical diversity, climate and species residence time on islands, suggesting evolutionary processes that lead to divergent patterns of plant phytochemical complexity. Exploring these evolutionary mechanisms and the extent to which these patterns represent adaptive responses (e.g., to climate) can ccontribute to advancing our ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Diversity Changes With Land Use Intensity and Environmental Conditions","authors":"Syrie M. Hermans, Hannah L. Buckley, Bradley S. Case, Fiona Curran-Cournane, Matthew Taylor, Gavin Lear","doi":"10.1111/geb.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) play crucial roles in supporting plant growth and, therefore, in undisturbed ecosystems and agricultural systems. We aimed to understand how these microbial communities change under different land use and environmental conditions. This is an important prerequisite to utilising the positive impact PGPB may have for sustainable food production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>537 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2013–2018.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We surveyed the PGPB in indigenous and exotic plantation forests, sheep and beef grasslands, dairy pastures and horticulture sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PGPB community alpha-diversity increased with land use intensity, and the greatest portion of explainable variation in alpha-diversity was accounted for by soil nutrients, metal concentrations, and unexplained spatial patterns. Variation in PGPB community composition, on the other hand, was highest in the forest and horticulture sites and lowest in the grazed pastures. The variation was best accounted for by shared variation among land use, soil nutrients and soil metal concentrations. The relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing PGPB taxa decreased with land use intensity, largely driven by a decrease in Rhizobiales. In contrast, taxa in the order Bacillales, known for phosphate and potassium solubilisation, increased in relative abundance. Key environmental variables limiting the distributions of specific PGPB taxa included soil pH, several nutrients and the concentrations of cadmium and zinc.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, we showed that PGPB show distinct patterns in response to land use and soil environmental variables, and these results contribute towards an understanding of the interplay between how we use our soil, their physicochemical properties and the function of the microbial communities within them. This increased understanding of the distribution of PGPB is crucial for advancing our ability to optimise and take advantage of the benefits","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Enhancers and Constraints of Alien Range Size in Mammals: The Roles of Species Attributes, Invasion History and Ecological Contexts","authors":"Dino Biancolini, Carlo Rondinini","doi":"10.1111/geb.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rapid global expansion of alien invasion fronts is profoundly impacting native ecosystems. Understanding the enhancers and constraints behind the range size of alien species is crucial for mitigating biodiversity loss. While mammals are among the most well-studied taxa worldwide, their global invasion ecology remains under-investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the potential relationships between their alien range size and species attributes, invasion history and environmental conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From prehistory to present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Terrestrial mammals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We utilised the global Distribution of Alien Mammals database and linear mixed models to explore the relationships between alien range size and species attributes, introduction effort, residence time, human disturbance, native mammal richness, regional community composition and climate conditions across zoogeographic realms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alien mammals may achieve larger range sizes when introduced via multiple pathways to numerous distinct locations, and have longer residence times, large native ranges and high potential for fast population growth. Conversely, they face constraints when introduced to islands, exhibit specialised ecology or encounter areas with high human disturbance. Climate emerged as a key factor, with temperature seasonality and climate match positively influencing alien range size. Contrary to our expectations, alien range size was positively correlated with native mammal richness, although it was constrained when placed within their native zoogeographic regions or realm, suggesting a zoogeography-dependent effect of biotic resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We elucidated how invasion history, environmental conditions, and species attributes influenced alien range size in mammals. Our findings showed that fast-growing generalists introduced to multiple locations within climates matching their native niche can achieve large alien ranges, even in natural environments with high native","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Macroecology and Temporal Dynamics to Better Attribute Global Change Impacts on Biodiversity","authors":"Pierre Gaüzère,&nbsp;Cyrille Violle,&nbsp;Franziska Schrodt,&nbsp;Matthias Grenié,&nbsp;Luca Santini,&nbsp;Mickaël Hedde,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Porcher,&nbsp;Romain Goury,&nbsp;Miriam Beck,&nbsp;Wilfried Thuiller","doi":"10.1111/geb.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Context</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ongoing biodiversity crisis presents a complex challenge for ecological science. Despite a consensus on general biodiversity decline, identifying clear trends remains difficult due to variability in data, methodologies and scales of analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Ideas</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To enhance our understanding of ongoing biodiversity changes and address discrepancies in biodiversity trend detection, we propose integrating macroecological theory with temporal and trait-based perspectives. First, analysing temporal changes in diversity scaling relationships, such as species accumulation curves or distance decay, can reconcile and synthesise conflicting observations of biodiversity change, enabling quantification of diversity shifts from local to regional spatial scales. Second, diversity patterns across scales are linked to three proximate components: abundance, evenness and spatial aggregation of species. Investigating temporal changes in these components provides deeper insights into how human activities directly influence biodiversity trends. Third, incorporating species traits into the analysis of these macroecological patterns improves our understanding of human impacts on biodiversity by elucidating the links between species characteristics and their responses to environmental changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We illustrate this integration in a case study of forest and farmland birds in France, highlighting how studying diversity changes across scales, and decomposing temporal change in different components can help to elucidate the mechanisms driving diversity change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We discuss the limitations and challenges of this integrative approach and highlight how it offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the drivers of biodiversity change across scales. This framework facilitates a more nuanced understanding of how human activities impact biodiversity, ultimately paving the way for more informed actions to mitigate biodiversity loss across spatial and temporal scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Contribution of Wild Insect and Honeybee Visitation to Crop Pollination Success Is Asymptotic","authors":"Maxime Eeraerts,&nbsp;Catarina Siopa,&nbsp;Wilhelm Osterman,&nbsp;Julia Osterman,&nbsp;Stan Chabert,&nbsp;Kris Verheyen","doi":"10.1111/geb.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Animal-mediated pollination plays a crucial role in the reproductive success of flowering plants, and insect pollination in particular for crops. Pollination biology suggests that the effect of pollen deposition from animal visitation on pollination success is asymptotic. Initially, increased insect visitation increases pollination success in decreasing increments, eventually reaching a saturation threshold where additional visits do not further increase pollination success. However, most crop pollination research considers linear relations between insect visitation and pollination success, which overlooks the fact that pollination success is necessarily limited by an asymptotic relation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Asymptotic Models Improve Predictions for Global Data</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Utilising the CropPol database, we tested whether non-linear models (asymptotic and hump-shaped) improve the fit of the relation between honeybee and wild insect visitation and crop pollination success compared to linear models. Our results indicate that the relation is best described by asymptotic models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Synthesis and Management Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We argue that incorporating asymptotic models to crop pollination research can advance our understanding of the pollination contributions of honeybees and wild insects and inform pollinator management to maximise food production. From a management viewpoint, asymptotic models imply that insect visitation can be optimised to maximise crop pollination and yield. Moreover, declines in pollinator populations and their effects on crop pollination may go unnoticed until pollinator visitation falls below the saturation threshold. In sum, these findings can guide development of evidence-based and cost-effective pollination management strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traits, Threats, and Popularity Explain Extinction Risk of Birds Globally","authors":"Janaína de Andrade Serrano,&nbsp;Lars Iversen,&nbsp;Laura J. Pollock","doi":"10.1111/geb.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to understand how biological traits, human-induced threats, and species popularity interact to influence the extinction risk of bird species globally. We seek to improve the accuracy of extinction risk assessments and inform conservation strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Birds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We predict extinction risk for bird species globally based on relevant biological traits, threats (based on the IUCN Red List), and species popularity estimated from Google search frequency using a Bayesian hierarchical phylogenetic model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We find that biological traits, human-induced threats, and species popularity all explain extinction risk. Some interactions are important (e.g., larger species are more likely threatened by hunting and small-ranged and migratory species are more threatened by agriculture). We also find that more popular species are more likely to be listed as at risk than unpopular species with similar traits and threats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study highlights the need for incorporating biological traits, anthropogenic threats and human bias into extinction risk assessments. These factors interact in complex ways, influencing the vulnerability of bird species. By accounting for these interactions, conservation efforts can be more effectively targeted to protect species with the highest risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Patterns and Drivers of Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities in Response to Plant Invasion: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Xin Chen,&nbsp;Ji Chen,&nbsp;Johannes J. Le Roux,&nbsp;Mark van Kleunen,&nbsp;Kees Jan van Groenigen,&nbsp;Linchuan Fang,&nbsp;Dehong Hu,&nbsp;Tianning Fan,&nbsp;Yi Liu,&nbsp;Lifei Su,&nbsp;Yiqi Luo,&nbsp;Junji Cao,&nbsp;Yong Zhou,&nbsp;Robert L. Sinsabaugh,&nbsp;Min Luo","doi":"10.1111/geb.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70084","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Plant invasion is a major global environmental challenge. While invasive plants can potentially enhance soil nutrient availability by stimulating soil extracellular enzyme activities, empirical studies have yielded conflicting results. A comprehensive understanding of global patterns and underlying drivers is therefore essential for inferring generalities.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;2000–2025.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Invasive plants and soil microorganisms.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We conducted a meta-analysis on 635 observations from 117 studies worldwide, investigating the effect of plant invasion on 11 soil carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-acquiring enzyme activities. We also analysed how environmental drivers and ecosystem types modulated these responses.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Plant invasion significantly increased hydrolytic C-, N- and P-acquiring enzyme activities by 18% (11%–27%), 29% (22%–37%), and 32% (24%–41%), respectively, while it had no significant effects on oxidative enzyme activities. These enzymatic responses were primarily driven by elevated dissolved organic carbon and soil moisture content, coupled with decreased fungal/bacterial ratios under invasion. The most pronounced enzymatic responses occurred in neutral and alkaline soils during the early stages of invasion and when invasive plants formed mycorrhizal associations. Different ecosystem types displayed distinct enzymatic responses to plant invasion: grasslands showed elevated N-acquiring enzyme activities, wetlands exhibited enhanced P-acquiring enzyme activities, croplands demonstrated increases across all hydrolytic enzyme classes, while woodlands displayed modest enzymatic responses to invasion compared to other ecosystem types.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We found that (i) plant invasion consistently increased hydrolytic enzyme activities while it had negligible effects on the activities of oxidative enzymes; (ii) enzymatic responses to invasion were modulated by ambient soil pH, invader mycorrhizal status and invasion duration; and (iii) invas","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Global Regionalisation of Tree Functional Capacity","authors":"Yohana G. Jimenez,&nbsp;Andrea Paz,&nbsp;Lalasia Bialic-Murphy,&nbsp;Thomas Crowther,&nbsp;Daniel S. Maynard","doi":"10.1111/geb.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70083","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Understanding the global distribution of tree functional diversity is essential for predicting ecosystem responses to environmental change. Traditional biogeographic regionalisations classify ecosystems based on species composition and climate but overlook functional traits, which directly govern processes such as carbon storage, nutrient cycling and productivity. Here, we present the first global functional regionalisation of tree-inhabited systems into functionally distinct regions based on tree traits rather than taxonomic or climatic boundaries.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global, covering forests, savannas and grasslands.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Present.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Trees.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We compiled over 5 million tree species occurrences and associated functional traits related to photosynthesis, growth, reproduction, structure and physiology. Using a stability-based clustering approach, we identified functional macro-regions (85% variance explained), meso-regions (90%) and micro-regions (99%). We also identified important traits discriminating these regions and assessed the relative influence of climate and phylogeny in shaping these functional boundaries.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We identified five major functional macro-regions: Boreal, Cool Temperate, Warm Temperate, Neotropical and Paleotropical. Boreal and temperate macro-regions align closely with climatic zones, while tropical macro-regions are structured primarily by evolutionary history rather than moisture availability. Functional differentiation is driven by photosynthetic and reproductive traits across scales, with structural, growth and physiological traits dominating at macro, meso and micro levels, respectively. Phylogenetic distance explains 68% of the functional divergence between Neotropical and Paleotropical macro-regions, whereas environmental differences drive 42%–44% of the variance between tropical and temperate regions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our study provides one of the first global functional classifications of tree-inhabited ecosystems, revealing that climate p","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}