Global Ecology and Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"Gaps in Global Alien Plant Trait Data and How to Fill Them","authors":"Matthias Grenié, Helge Bruelheide, Wayne Dawson, Franz Essl, Mark van Kleunen, Ingolf Kühn, Holger Kreft, Petr Pyšek, Patrick Weigelt, Marten Winter","doi":"10.1111/geb.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Functional traits help to understand the ecological processes underlying biological invasions. The extent to which trait data are available for alien plants at the global scale is unknown. In this study, we assess the availability of trait data and identify global gaps and biases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vascular plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used the GloNAF database to get a global list of plants naturalised outside their native range and their distributions. We combined data from the four largest trait databases: AusTraits, BIEN, GIFT, and TRY, on which we performed taxonomic and trait harmonisation. We studied the availability of trait data. Then, based on the distribution data, we tested to what extent trait knowledge was driven by ecological and socioeconomic variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that the species-by-trait matrix (2764 traits for 14,539 species) was only 1.5% complete, with most traits measured for very few species. Only ten traits were available for more than 50% of all alien plants. Four percent of the species lacked all trait data, while 27% of species had data for the three key plant traits: leaf mass per area, seed mass, and plant height. We observed a strong latitudinal gradient in trait knowledge, with tropical regions showing lower trait knowledge than higher latitudes, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Growth form, range size, and invasion status were the strongest predictors of trait knowledge, with widespread, invasive tree species being better recorded than other alien species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified large trait data gaps at a global scale for alien plants, which limits our ability to study functional invasion ecology at large spatial scales. These gaps are partly driven by uneven sampling and a lack of trait data integration across sources. We recommend prioritising the most invasion-relevant traits and coordinating community efforts of plant and invasion scientists to sample them in a standardised way, which could help close these ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Plant Functional Traits Using Gap-Filled Datasets to Inform Management and Modelling","authors":"Samuel C. Andrew, Irene Martín-Forés, Greg R. Guerin, David Coleman, Daniel S. Falster, Elizabeth Wenk, Ian J. Wright, Rachael V. Gallagher","doi":"10.1111/geb.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant traits are used to describe the functional properties of vegetation that are critical to terrestrial ecosystem services. Functional trait metrics for plant communities can be valuable for modelling important ecosystem properties such as fuel loads and nutrient cycling, future plant diversity and responses to global change. However, the vast scale of plant diversity means collecting trait and distribution data for all species globally is logistically challenging. Here, we evaluate the utilisation of gap-filling methods for providing more comprehensive functional trait metrics for plant communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australian native plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we use gap-filled species-level functional trait data and species distributions for Australia to map continental scale averages and variability in four core traits related to resource competition, energy budgeting and reproductive investment (maximum height, seed mass, leaf area and leaf mass per area [LMA]). We explore how trait patterns relate to climate (temperature and precipitation) and validate our mapping using comparable trait metrics derived from a network of 747 plot-based plant species inventories across the continent (AusPlots).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trait maps for maximum height, seed mass and leaf area were strongly and positively correlated, while mean LMA and LMA variability were negatively correlated with other trait means. Biogeographic patterns of trait averages and variability could be mostly explained (78% to 92% of variance) by annual precipitation and mean annual temperature, and their interaction. LMA was an exception, with only 46% of variance in spatial patterns explained.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Similar trait-climate trends from trait maps and plot-based inventories give clarity to an outstanding question of whether trait mapping captures patterns also evident in higher-resolution field-based studies. Our results indicate that trait maps reliably recreate known patterns, albeit at a greater","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny and Climate Jointly Modulate Forest Growth Resistance in Response to Extreme Droughts in Arid Regions","authors":"Jitang Li, Zehao Shen, Antonio Gazol, Eryuan Liang, Xuejing Wang, J. Julio Camarero","doi":"10.1111/geb.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Repeated droughts have proven more harmful to forest growth than single extreme droughts. However, the impacts of drought durations on global forests and their underlying drivers remain poorly understood. The drought responses can be evaluated by drought sensitivity (resistance, <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub>) and the post-drought recovery rate (resilience, <i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>). Differing drought responses are attributed to the different evolutionary strategies of species, which are shaped by their distinct physiological traits. Given the spatial variability in climate warming rates and aridification, understanding how trees respond to droughts of different characteristics (duration, recurrence, severity) in forested biomes is crucial to forecast productivity trends.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1950–2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tree species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By explicitly considering different drought durations (single-year and multi-year extreme droughts), we assessed drought impacts on the growth of global forests. In addition, the roles played by environmental conditions (climate, soils), stand attributes (age, density), functional traits (wood density, leaf and hydraulic traits), and phylogeny in forest responses to drought were also considered. We used three tree-ring databases (global ITRDB, European GenTree, and tropical data) accounting for 4374 site chronologies during the period 1950–2020, and quantified patterns in tree responses to drought in different climatic regions and biomes, including tropical forests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In general, significantly higher <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> and <i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> were observed in humid regions. Interestingly, while multi-year extreme droughts caused worse impacts than single extreme droughts on <i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>, they did not affect <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> among drought events. Specifically, <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> in arid regions was phylogenetically conserved and largely depended on wood density (WD) and hydraulic safety margin (HSM), while in humid regions, it was closely linked to climate, SLA, and HSM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide new insights on the for","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Quality Human Activity Intensity Maps in China From 2000 to 2020","authors":"Wenqi Xie,&nbsp;Yonghui Yao","doi":"10.1111/geb.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human activity intensity (HAI) is a crucial metric for quantifying human impacts on ecosystems. It is essential for studying humans' role in macro-ecological processes such as habitat connectivity, ecosystem change and biodiversity loss. However, the lack of high-quality HAI datasets in China has hindered related research. Our goals were to develop an improved method for national HAI mapping and to present a comprehensive HAI assessment in China from 2000 to 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2000–2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Terrestrial ecosystem.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed an improved HAI mapping methodology by introducing a comprehensive eight-indicator system covering socio-economic, natural environment and resources dimensions, more rigorous scoring models (e.g., travel time calculation) and a principal component analysis-based indicator overlaying method. China's first spatiotemporally consistent HAI maps from 2000 to 2020 were produced by applying this methodology and using higher temporal resolution and more reliable data than those used in global research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our HAI dataset demonstrated significantly improved accuracy, with an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.085; 34% lower than that of the global human footprint product (RMSE = 0.125). Additionally, it outperformed in challenging landscapes, such as rugged terrains, arid regions and natural-human transition zones. The results show between 2000 and 2015, over 620,000 km² of areas with very low human activity (HAI &lt; 0.5) disappeared, resulting in the fragmentation of natural habitats, particularly in forest ecosystems and grassland ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed a national-scale HAI mapping method framework, by which high-quality HAI datasets for China were produced. Thanks to our HAI product, we revealed details that cannot be reflected in global datasets (e.g., grazing ban) and provided critical insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of human impacts on ecosystems in China. This methodology offers global relevance as a reference model, facilitating human-nature relationship research in other countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Environment Affects Ontogenetic Differences in Leaf Functional Traits of Woody Plants","authors":"Ziyan Zhang,&nbsp;Kouki Hikosaka,&nbsp;Ülo Niinemets,&nbsp;Qingmin Han,&nbsp;Jeannine Cavender-Bares,&nbsp;Liting Zheng,&nbsp;Dong He,&nbsp;Enrong Yan,&nbsp;Mengguang Han,&nbsp;Guangze Jin,&nbsp;Zhili Liu","doi":"10.1111/geb.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70133","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The consistency of patterns in ontogenetic differences in plant traits across the globe has not been thoroughly studied. Environmental conditions affect leaf functional traits, and these effects can differ between adult trees and saplings due to varying environmental conditions in their aerial and soil environments. Our integrative analysis aims to reveal the global universality of woody plants' ontogeny and explores influencing factors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Studies published in 1989–2023.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Woody plants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We performed a global meta-analysis of woody plants with different plant functional types at 64 sites around the world, assessed the ontogenetic differences in nine key leaf traits and explored the environmental factors that affected the ontogenetic differences.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We observed that (1) leaf traits differed significantly between adult trees and saplings, with environmental factors playing varying roles. Photosynthetic capacity per unit area (&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;) and nitrogen content per unit dry mass (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;) were lower in saplings than in adults under low solar radiation, but this trend reversed with increased solar radiation. Differences in stomatal density (SD) and stable carbon isotope composition (δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C) between adults and saplings were greatest under low solar radiation; (2) ontogenetic differences in leaf thickness (LT), leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and stomatal conductance (&lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;) were greater at lower mean annual temperature (MAT); (3) at high mean annual precipitation (MAP), adults had higher nitrogen content per unit area (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;), while saplings had higher &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; than adults; (4) soil conditions were strongly correlated with ontogenetic differences in LT and SD, with soil pH as a key driver of variation in &lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;, LT, SD, &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our findings indicate that ontogeny strongly modifies leaf functional traits an","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Müllerian Mimicry in Neotropical Butterflies: One Mimicry Ring to Bring Them All and in the Jungle Bind Them","authors":"Eddie Pérochon,&nbsp;Neil Rosser,&nbsp;Krzysztof Kozak,&nbsp;W. Owen McMillan,&nbsp;Blanca Huertas,&nbsp;James Mallet,&nbsp;Jonathan Ready,&nbsp;Keith Willmott,&nbsp;Marianne Elias,&nbsp;Maël Doré","doi":"10.1111/geb.70127","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Uncovering the effects of Müllerian mimetic interactions on the evolution of species niches and geographic distributions at a continental scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neotropics and part of Nearctic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>19th century to present, with most data collected within the last 30 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heliconiini (Heliconiinae) and Ithomiini (Danainae) butterfly tribes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We leveraged a dataset of 67,563 geolocalized occurrences from fieldwork observations and museum collections to map broad-scale biodiversity patterns of heliconiine butterflies. We tested for congruences and disparities with known Ithomiini biodiversity patterns, a group from which they diverged 86.5 My ago, yet share numerous warning wing colour patterns. We used phylogenetic comparative analyses to test for both the spatial co-occurrence of species with similar aposematic wing patterns and the convergence of their climatic niche within and between tribes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both tribes exhibit wide overlap in biodiversity hotspots across the Neotropics, including a high prevalence of rare species and mimetic patterns in the tropical Andes. Ithomiine species dominate Andean communities, while the Amazon basin hosts a higher relative richness of heliconiines. Phenotypically similar species within and between tribes share climatic niches as a result of selection favouring both co-occurrence of look-alike species and convergence of warning signals within local communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We documented continental-scale spatial and evolutionary associations among species sharing warning signals both within and between tribes separated by 86.5 My of independent evolutionary history. Our results provide empirical evidence for the pervasive effects of mutualistic interactions on biodiversity patterns. Critically, they also emphasise the vulnerability of mimetic communities, bound together by positive interactions, to disassembly induced by climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraindividual Variability as a Large Source of Trait Variation in Clonal Tundra Dwarf Shrubs Along Elevation and Latitude Gradients","authors":"Alba Anadon-Rosell,&nbsp;Amanda Casanovas,&nbsp;Manuela Bog,&nbsp;Estela Illa,&nbsp;Jürgen Kreyling,&nbsp;Jordi Martínez-Vilalta,&nbsp;Josep M. Ninot,&nbsp;Aaron Pérez-Haase,&nbsp;Martin Wilmking","doi":"10.1111/geb.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70134","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Intraindividual trait variability (iITV), which is the variability among repeated architectural units within an individual, may represent a crucial dimension of functional diversity in plant eco-evolutionary dynamics. Although inter- and intraspecific trait variability have been widely studied, the extent of iITV remains largely overlooked. Since iITV might be especially relevant in long-lived clonal plants, we investigated sources of trait variability (species, site, clone, ramet, leaf) in tundra clonal dwarf shrubs, particularly focusing on iITV and its potential drivers.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Europe.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;July 2019 to September 2020.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Clonal dwarf shrubs.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We sampled four widespread boreo-alpine clonal dwarf shrub species (&lt;i&gt;Dryas octopetala&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Empetrum hermaphroditum&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Vaccinium myrtillus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Vaccinium uliginosum&lt;/i&gt;) along elevation gradients in the Pyrenees and along a latitude gradient in Europe. At each site, we selected four clones per species and sampled five ramets per clone. We measured size-architectural traits in each ramet and leaf traits in five leaves per ramet. We quantified interspecific, intraspecific and iITV, investigated the relationship between iITV and both climate and clone structural variables, and compared sampling protocols either accounting for or ignoring iITV.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Although interspecific trait variability was substantial, we found large proportions of iITV within species. Size-architectural traits showed larger iITV (up to 100% of ITV), but leaf traits also showed remarkable values (up to 77%). Our results showed that iITV increased with mean annual temperature for specific leaf area. However, climate and clone structural variables were not predictive for iITV for any other trait.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our quantification of iITV in clonal dwarf shrubs evidences the importance of this source of variability and its potential ecological implications and emphasises the need to integrate it in sampling protocols, both to avoid bias in ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Database of Expert-Curated Occurrences for the Genus Carex L. (Cyperaceae)","authors":"María Sanz-Arnal,&nbsp;Pablo García-Moro,&nbsp;Carmen Benítez-Benítez,&nbsp;Marina Coca-de-la-Iglesia,&nbsp;Angélica Gallego-Narbón,&nbsp;Consolación Barciela,&nbsp;Fabrizio Bartolucci,&nbsp;Prabin Bhandari,&nbsp;Matthew Bradley,&nbsp;Asunción Cano,&nbsp;Antoine Derouaux,&nbsp;Sabina Donadío,&nbsp;Marcial Escudero,&nbsp;Mariela Fabbroni,&nbsp;Kerry A. Ford,&nbsp;Gabriele Galasso,&nbsp;Sebastian Gebauer,&nbsp;M. Socorro González-Elizondo,&nbsp;David Hamon,&nbsp;Matthias H. Hoffmann,&nbsp;Xiao-Feng Jin,&nbsp;Jacob Koopman,&nbsp;Bangze Li,&nbsp;Raúl Lois,&nbsp;Yi-Fei Lu,&nbsp;Modesto Luceño,&nbsp;José Ignacio Márquez-Corro,&nbsp;Santiago Martín-Bravo,&nbsp;Attila Mesterházy,&nbsp;Mónica Míguez,&nbsp;Ana Morales-Alonso,&nbsp;A. Muthama Muasya,&nbsp;Paulo Muñoz-Schüler,&nbsp;Robert F. C. Naczi,&nbsp;Nora Oleas,&nbsp;Luciana Pereira-Silva,&nbsp;Radomír Řepka,&nbsp;Anton A. Reznicek,&nbsp;Katie K. Sanbonmatsu,&nbsp;Enmily Sánchez,&nbsp;Daniel Spalink,&nbsp;Arne Strid,&nbsp;Pieter Vanormelingen,&nbsp;Filip Verloove,&nbsp;Karen L. Wilson,&nbsp;Okihito Yano,&nbsp;Shuren Zhang,&nbsp;Pedro Jiménez-Mejías","doi":"10.1111/geb.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Geographic occurrences are essential for biodiversity studies, but publicly available repositories like GBIF often contain errors and biases, especially for taxonomically complex groups like <i>Carex</i> L. (Cyperaceae). This work provides an expert-curated global dataset of occurrences compiled from different sources to enhance data accuracy and usability. The final dataset includes 384,067 occurrences of 1790 <i>Carex</i> species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Types of Variables Contained</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dataset includes species occurrence records with geographic coordinates, taxonomic identifications, and curation flags (e.g., introduced, erroneous records).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Spatial Location and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dataset covers a global scale, using the WGS84 projection. Spatial resolution is standardised to a minimum of three decimal degrees (~1 km, if possible).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Online records span from 1950 to 2020, but some manually georeferenced records are earlier (1850). There is also fieldwork data after 2020, specifically up to 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa and Level of Measurement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cyperaceae: <i>Carex</i>. Most records have species-level identification, and some of them are identified at subspecies or variety levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Software Format</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data are supplied as comma-separated values files with UTF-8 encoding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Niche Marginality on Hotter-Drought Tree Mortality in Angiosperms and Gymnosperms","authors":"Enric Batllori,&nbsp;William M. Hammond,&nbsp;Alistair Jump,&nbsp;María Ángeles Pérez-Navarro,&nbsp;Craig D. Allen,&nbsp;Francisco Lloret","doi":"10.1111/geb.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current observations of global tree mortality events associated with drought raise concerns about climate change risks to forests' dynamics and function. It is unclear which forests are more susceptible to pulses of mortality under further changing climates. We examined whether tree mortality related to hotter droughts is predominantly occurring in edge or core populations in niche space and assessed whether mortality patterns are consistent with species' drought tolerances.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Location: Global.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Time Period: 1970–2020.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Major Taxa Studied: Angiosperm and gymnosperm trees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated species' climatic niches on the basis of global occurrences and annual time series of climate. We computed the distance to the niche core of drought mortality sites (982 observations, 44 tree species) and compared it with null models of randomly distributed tree mortality. We assessed how loss of xylem conductance and hydraulic safety margin related to populations' position in niche space and to the degree of climate anomaly during mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the year of mortality, 64.3% of the sites were closer to the species' niche edge than the niche core. However, when considering long-term climate averages, both marginal and central populations experienced drought-associated pulses of mortality. Overall, tree mortality was related to populations' shifts towards the edge of species' climatic niches and, in angiosperm mortality sites, species' drought tolerances were correlated with the intensity of climatic anomalies. In gymnosperm sites, marginal populations were more affected and other processes, such as heat-induced stress or cumulative drought effects, may have affected mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both marginal and central populations, even for highly drought-tolerant species, are vulnerable to climate change. Climate anomaly magnitude, cumulative drought effects, plant physiological limits and species niche geometry help explain range-wide patterns of hotter-drought-associated tree mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nature of Oceanic Dispersal in the Diversification Process on Insular Systems in Asia","authors":"Takumi Saito,&nbsp;Yasuto Ishii,&nbsp;Shun Ito,&nbsp;T. Mason Linscott,&nbsp;Bin Ye,&nbsp;Do Van Tu,&nbsp;Shovon Mohammad Shariar,&nbsp;Larisa Prozorova,&nbsp;Purevdorj Surenkhorloo,&nbsp;Aileen Shau Hwai Tan,&nbsp;Yuma Fujino,&nbsp;Takeru Uechi,&nbsp;Shota Uchida,&nbsp;Daishi Yamazaki,&nbsp;Yuta Morii,&nbsp;Kazuki Kimura,&nbsp;Hiroshi Fukuda,&nbsp;Osamu Miura,&nbsp;Takahiro Hirano,&nbsp;Satoshi Chiba","doi":"10.1111/geb.70114","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70114","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To clarify the characteristics and contribution of oceanic dispersal (OD), a representative of long-distance dispersal, to phylogenetic diversification on insular systems.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Eastern Eurasia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Post-Neogene.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Freshwater snails of the genus &lt;i&gt;Gyraulus&lt;/i&gt; (Mollusca: Gastropoda).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We conducted comprehensive sampling across the entire distribution range of &lt;i&gt;G. chinensis&lt;/i&gt; group, including several continental and oceanic islands. To evaluate the evolutionary history of the group and the role of OD in diversification, we obtained genome-wide data using high-throughput sequencing and conducted phylogenetic analyses using three analytical approaches. We then assessed the relationship between phylogenetic and geographic distance separately in three distinct regions, using model fitting to evaluate the impact of dispersal mode on current phylogenetic diversity. The frequency and characteristics of OD events were then estimated by conducting biogeographic analyses on two time-calibrated phylogenies produced using two separate geographic calibration events.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Phylogenies revealed a well-supported monophyletic &lt;i&gt;Gyraulus&lt;/i&gt; clade with a broad distribution across Eastern Eurasia and the presence of several internal geographic lineages. On the two insular regions, a power-law model best described the relationship between phylogenetic and geographic distances, suggesting limited dispersal and diversification through infrequent OD events. Divergence time estimations suggested that &lt;i&gt;Gyraulus&lt;/i&gt; diversification originated after the late Miocene. The Oriental region of Eurasia was the most frequent source of dispersal. Across all trees, 6–8 OD events were estimated throughout the entire period, primarily on oceanic islands, with a single exception on a continental island at high latitudes. OD frequently originated from non-adjacent regions, in contrast to other dispersal events. Longitudinal dispersal was more frequent than latitudinal dispersal, and geographic lineages exhibited widespread longitudinal distributions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}