Global Ecology and Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"LandFrag: A Dataset to Investigate the Effects of Forest Loss and Fragmentation on Biodiversity","authors":"Thiago Gonçalves-Souza,&nbsp;Maurício Humberto Vancine,&nbsp;Nathan J. Sanders,&nbsp;Nick M. Haddad,&nbsp;Lucas Cortinhas,&nbsp;Anne Lene T. O. Aase,&nbsp;Willian Moura de Aguiar,&nbsp;Marcelo Adrian Aizen,&nbsp;Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Arturo Baz,&nbsp;Maíra Benchimol,&nbsp;Enrico Bernard,&nbsp;Tássia Juliana Bertotto,&nbsp;Arthur Angelo Bispo,&nbsp;Juliano A. Bogoni,&nbsp;Gabriel X. Boldorini,&nbsp;Cibele Bragagnolo,&nbsp;Berry Brosi,&nbsp;Aníbal Silva Cantalice,&nbsp;Rodrigo Felipe Rodrigues do Carmo,&nbsp;Eliana Cazeta,&nbsp;Adriano G. Chiarello,&nbsp;Noé U. de la Sancha,&nbsp;Raphael K. Didham,&nbsp;Deborah Faria,&nbsp;Bruno Filgueiras,&nbsp;José Eugênio Côrtes Figueira,&nbsp;Gabriela Albuquerque Galvão,&nbsp;Michel Varajão Garey,&nbsp;Heloise Gibb,&nbsp;Carmelo Gómez-Martínez,&nbsp;Ezequiel González,&nbsp;Reginaldo Augusto Farias de Gusmão,&nbsp;Mickaël Henry,&nbsp;Shayana de Jesus,&nbsp;Thiago Gechel Kloss,&nbsp;Amparo Lázaro,&nbsp;Victor Leandro-Silva,&nbsp;Marcelo G. de Lima,&nbsp;Ingrid da Silva Lima,&nbsp;Ana Carolina B. Lins-e-Silva,&nbsp;Ralph Mac Nally,&nbsp;Arthur Ramalho Magalhães,&nbsp;Luiz Fernando Silva Magnago,&nbsp;Shiiwua Manu,&nbsp;Eduardo Mariano-Neto,&nbsp;David Nyaga Mugo Mbora,&nbsp;Felipe P. L. Melo,&nbsp;Morris Nzioka Mutua,&nbsp;Selvino Neckel-Oliveira,&nbsp;André Nemésio,&nbsp;André Amaral Nogueira,&nbsp;Patricia Marques Do A. Oliveira,&nbsp;Diego G. Pádua,&nbsp;Luan Paes,&nbsp;Aparecida Barbosa de Paiva,&nbsp;Marcelo Passamani,&nbsp;João Carlos Pena,&nbsp;Carlos A. Peres,&nbsp;Bruno X. Pinho,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Pons,&nbsp;Victor Mateus Prasniewski,&nbsp;Jenny Reiniö,&nbsp;Magda dos Santos Rocha,&nbsp;Larissa Rocha-Santos,&nbsp;Maria J. Rodal,&nbsp;Rodolpho Credo Rodrigues,&nbsp;Nathalia V. H. Safar,&nbsp;Renato P. Salomão,&nbsp;Bráulio A. Santos,&nbsp;Mirela N. Santos,&nbsp;Jessie Pereira dos Santos,&nbsp;Sini Savilaakso,&nbsp;Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud Schaefer,&nbsp;Maria Amanda Menezes Silva,&nbsp;Fernando R. da Silva,&nbsp;Ricardo J. Silva,&nbsp;Marcelo Simonelli,&nbsp;Alejandra Soto-Werschitz,&nbsp;John O. Stireman III,&nbsp;Danielle Storck-Tonon,&nbsp;Neucir Szinwelski,&nbsp;Marcelo Tabarelli,&nbsp;Camila Palhares Teixeira,&nbsp;Ørjan Totland,&nbsp;Marcio Uehara-Prado,&nbsp;Fernando Zagury Vaz-de-Mello,&nbsp;Heraldo L. Vasconcelos,&nbsp;Simone A. Vieira,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Chase","doi":"10.1111/geb.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accelerated and widespread conversion of once continuous ecosystems into fragmented landscapes has driven ecological research to understand the response of biodiversity to local (fragment size) and landscape (forest cover and fragmentation) changes. This information has important theoretical and applied implications, but is still far from complete. We compiled the most comprehensive and updated database to investigate how these local and landscape changes determine species composition, abundance and trait diversity of multiple taxonomic groups in forest fragments across the globe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Types of Variables Contained</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We gathered data for 1472 forest fragments, providing information on the abundance and composition of 9154 species belonging to vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. For 2703 of these species, we obtained more than 20 functional traits. We provided the spatial location and size of each fragment and metrics of landscape composition and configuration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Spatial Location and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dataset includes 1472 forest fragments sampled in 121 studies from all continents except Antarctica. Most datasets (77%) are from tropical regions, 17% are from temperate regions, and 6% are from subtropical regions. Species abundance and composition were collected at the plot or fragment scale, whereas the landscape metrics were extracted with buffer size ranging from a radius of 200–2000 m.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data on the abundance of species and community composition were collected between 1994 and 2022, and the landscape metrics were extracted from the same year that a given study collected the abundance and composition data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa and Level of Measurement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The studied organisms included invertebrates (Arachnida, Insecta and Gastropoda; 41% of the datasets), vertebrates (Amphibia, Squamata, Aves and Mammalia; 44%), and vascular plants (19%), and the lowest level of identification was species or morphospecies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Software Format</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dataset and code can be downloaded on Zenodo or GitHub.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the Full Power of Data to Characterise Biological Scaling Relationships","authors":"Milos Simovic,&nbsp;Sean T. Michaletz","doi":"10.1111/geb.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Describing Scaling Relationships</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scaling relationships are a central feature of global ecology, quantifying general biological patterns across broad spatial and temporal scales. Traditionally characterised as scale-invariant power laws, the scope of biological scaling has expanded in recent decades to include log–log curvilinearity and exponential functions. In macroecology and biogeography, a major focus is on quantifying these general relationships using empirical data, comparing observations across datasets and testing their consistency with theoretical predictions. This is typically accomplished by fitting linear models to log-transformed data, estimating slopes (representing scaling exponents or exponential rate constants) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and evaluating whether these CIs align with empirical observations or theoretical predictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Challenges of Existing Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accuracy of general slope estimates depends critically on the distribution of data across the range of the abscissa. When observations are unevenly distributed, with clustering in some portions of the range, slope and CI estimates become biased toward regions of higher data density. This imbalance increases the risk of type I or II errors, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions in comparisons of data with observations or predictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Bootstrapping Enables Accurate Estimates of Scaling Relationships</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We introduce a novel bootstrapping approach to address data imbalance in biological scaling analyses that improves the accuracy of general slope and CI estimates. This method enables more precise comparisons with empirical observations and theoretical predictions. We validate the approach by accurately reproducing a known slope from plant height-diameter data. Additionally, we demonstrate that fitting linear models to imbalanced and balanced metabolic rate-body mass data yields different slope estimates, leading to different conclusions regarding agreement between data and theory. Finally, we evaluate three common data processing methods and show that model fits to balanced data are superior for reliable quantification of general scaling relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating and Analysing Seabird Flyways: An Approach Combining Least-Cost Path Modelling and Machine Learning","authors":"Nomikos Skyllas,&nbsp;Mo A. Verhoeven,&nbsp;Maarten J. J. E. Loonen,&nbsp;Richard Bintanja","doi":"10.1111/geb.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We develop and test a cost framework to simulate the flyways of migratory seabirds, considering various environmental factors such as wind support, crosswind, travel distance, and food availability. Using this framework, we simulate potential migratory flyways for arctic terns and compare these simulations with tracking data. Our aim is to identify which combination of factors best explains the observed flyways. Ultimately, we seek to demonstrate how different environmental factors shape flyways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Innovation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We simulated 195 possible seabird flyways using a newly developed cost function that takes into account a number of environmental variables. We focused on the Arctic Tern, a transhemispheric migrating seabird species. Our model accurately simulated most spring and autumn flyways across the Atlantic Ocean (median RMSE ± standard deviation for all five flyways: 529 ± 201 km). The most accurate simulations for Arctic Terns breeding on Svalbard were those for which wind support made up ~70% of the total cost, while the best simulations for the Dutch population were those for which distance minimisation was ~50% and food maximisation was ~30% of total costs. Finally, by analysing tracking data using a machine-learning algorithm factoring in both wind support and crosswind, we were able to determine airspeed and subsequently infer whether the observed flyways optimised time and/or effort.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This analysis showed that Arctic Terns breeding on Svalbard followed effort-optimising flyways, whereas those that breed in the Netherlands followed time-optimising flyways. Our simulation-to-observation approach demonstrates that Earth's environmental and physical properties likely underlie the global distribution of migratory birds and therefore need to be considered in studies that evaluate the long-range movement patterns and distribution of birds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a More Nuanced Understanding of Long-Distance Rafting: Case Studies From the Southern Ocean","authors":"Hamish G. Spencer,&nbsp;Ceridwen I. Fraser,&nbsp;Elie Poulin,&nbsp;Claudio A. González-Wevar","doi":"10.1111/geb.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rafting is now recognised as a key process influencing the distribution and connectivity of several marine and coastal species. Rafting scenarios are, however, often invoked in ways that do not account for clear differences in biogeographic outcomes. Here, we illustrate the value of utilising multiple lines of evidence (e.g. different life histories, ecologies, and dispersal frequencies) in elucidating the historical, modern, and future significance of ocean rafting. We discuss these issues using a range of exemplar studies from the Southern Ocean, where rafting clearly underlies many different distributional patterns, although our conclusions hold generally.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Explanations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Such differences appear to be underpinned by variations in several life-history characters, with, for instance, direct-developing taxa more suited to long-distance rafting events that might span multiple generations. Rafting success is also shaped by a diverse suite of factors including the durability of the raft, the presence/absence of resources and competitors (intra- or inter-specific) at the destination, species' environmental tolerances, latitudinal movements in the position of oceanographic fronts, and the frequency and intensity of extreme events such as storms. Several of these factors are influenced by climate change, so a detailed understanding of their roles is increasingly important—particularly as many species' distributions are shifting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Future Prospects</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Southern Hemisphere—which has considerably more ocean than the Northern Hemisphere (81% vs. 61%)—provides biogeographers with a wealth of information on such processes, as well as intriguing examples of the puzzles we still face. Powerful new tools, including high-resolution genomic analyses, ancient DNA, and environmental, ecological and oceanographic modelling, are providing a more granular picture of biogeographical patterns. These novel methods, together with a broader consideration of the factors affecting rafting success, can pave the way for an improved and properly integrated understanding of the eco-evolutionary outcomes of long-distance dispersal via rafting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Productivity Decreases in Response to Recent Changes in Vegetation Structure and Climate in the Latitudinal Extremes of the European Continent","authors":"Julián Tijerín-Triviño,&nbsp;Emily R. Lines,&nbsp;Miguel A. Zavala,&nbsp;Mariano García,&nbsp;Julen Astigarraga,&nbsp;Verónica Cruz-Alonso,&nbsp;Jonas Dahlgren,&nbsp;Paloma Ruiz-Benito","doi":"10.1111/geb.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change is driving increasingly frequent and intense extreme climatic events, pushing many forests worldwide beyond their physiological thresholds. Despite the major role played by forests in the global carbon cycle, climate change threatens the future potential for carbon sequestration in forests. Hence, studies of recent changes in stand productivity and the underlying drivers over large areas are critical to understand and assess the forest carbon sink. We aimed to describe recent changes in forest productivity in the latitudinal extremes of the European continent and the role of climate and climate change in driving these patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Latitudinal extremes of the European continent (Spain and Sweden).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 1980s to the present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed data from &gt; 13,900 plots in Mediterranean, temperate and boreal regions using three consecutive surveys from the Spanish and Swedish National Forest Inventories (NFI). Generalised linear models were parameterised to assess how forest structure, climate and climatic anomalies (mean temperature, annual precipitation, drought, heatwaves) influenced forest productivity across two time periods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite increases in stand basal area, forest productivity declined over time. The effects of recent climate change intensified, with temperature anomalies increasingly and negatively impacting productivity in most regions. Region-specific effects were observed: Heatwaves and reduced precipitation in the Mediterranean, intensified droughts in temperate regions and increased precipitation in boreal areas further influenced productivity dynamics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results showed a marked decrease in forest productivity due to climatic warming over time and a differential sensitivity to extreme climatic events across regions, which will affect multiple dependent ecosystem functions. Our findings provide further evidence that altered forest productivity due to climate change may hinder the carbon sink capacity of European forests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Conceptual Framework for Measuring Ecological Novelty","authors":"Timothy L. Staples,&nbsp;Jessica Blois,&nbsp;Katie L. Cramer,&nbsp;Emer T. Cunningham,&nbsp;Maria Dornelas,&nbsp;Simon G. Haberle,&nbsp;Tina Heger,&nbsp;Wolfgang Kiessling,&nbsp;Anne E. Magurran,&nbsp;Aaron O'Dea,&nbsp;Amelia M. Penny,&nbsp;Volker C. Radeloff,&nbsp;Jansen A. Smith,&nbsp;Wilfried Thuiller,&nbsp;John W. Williams,&nbsp;John M. Pandolfi","doi":"10.1111/geb.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human pressures are driving the emergence of unprecedented, ‘novel’, ecological and environmental systems. The concept of novel (eco)systems is well accepted by the scientific community, but the use and measurement of novelty has outgrown initial definitions and critiques. There are still unresolved methodological and conceptual differences in quantifying novelty that prevent a unified research approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Framework</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we present a conceptual framework and guidelines to unify past and future measurement of ecological novelty. Under this framework, novelty is a property of an ecological or environmental entity of interest. Novelty is quantified as the comparison between the target entity and a reference set, measured as the summary of degrees of difference across one or more dimensions. Choices in these components, particularly the reference set, can change resulting novelty measurements and inferences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Showcase</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide a case-study to showcase our framework, measuring pre- and post-European novelty in 99 pollen assemblages in Midwest USA forests. We paired this quantitative exploration with a five-step process designed to improve the utility and outcomes of novelty analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Quantitative novelty has immense value in studies of abrupt ecological change, linking climatic and ecological change, biotic interactions and invasions, species range shifts and fundamental theories. Our framework offers a unified overview and is also primed for integration into management and restoration workflows, providing consistent and robust measurements of novelty to support decision making, priority setting and resource allocation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Marine Flyways Identified for Long-Distance Migrating Seabirds From Tracking Data","authors":"Joanne M. Morten,&nbsp;Ana P. B. Carneiro,&nbsp;Martin Beal,&nbsp;Anne-Sophie Bonnet-Lebrun,&nbsp;Maria P. Dias,&nbsp;Marie-Morgane Rouyer,&nbsp;Autumn-Lynn Harrison,&nbsp;Jacob González-Solís,&nbsp;Victoria R. Jones,&nbsp;Virginia A. Garcia Alonso,&nbsp;Michelle Antolos,&nbsp;Javier A. Arata,&nbsp;Christophe Barbraud,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Bell,&nbsp;Mike Bell,&nbsp;Samhita Bose,&nbsp;Sharyn Broni,&nbsp;Michael de L Brooke,&nbsp;Stuart H. M. Butchart,&nbsp;Nicholas Carlile,&nbsp;Paulo Catry,&nbsp;Teresa Catry,&nbsp;Matt Charteris,&nbsp;Yves Cherel,&nbsp;Bethany L. Clark,&nbsp;Thomas A. Clay,&nbsp;Nik C. Cole,&nbsp;Melinda G. Conners,&nbsp;Igor Debski,&nbsp;Karine Delord,&nbsp;Carsten Egevang,&nbsp;Graeme Elliot,&nbsp;Jan Esefeld,&nbsp;Colin Facer,&nbsp;Annette L. Fayet,&nbsp;Ruben C. Fijn,&nbsp;Johannes H. Fischer,&nbsp;Kirsty A. Franklin,&nbsp;Olivier Gilg,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Gill,&nbsp;José P. Granadeiro,&nbsp;Tim Guilford,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Handley,&nbsp;Sveinn A. Hanssen,&nbsp;Lucy A. Hawkes,&nbsp;April Hedd,&nbsp;Audrey Jaeger,&nbsp;Carl G. Jones,&nbsp;Christopher W. Jones,&nbsp;Matthias Kopp,&nbsp;Johannes Krietsch,&nbsp;Todd J. Landers,&nbsp;Johannes Lang,&nbsp;Matthieu Le Corre,&nbsp;Mark L. Mallory,&nbsp;Juan F. Masello,&nbsp;Sara M. Maxwell,&nbsp;Fernando Medrano,&nbsp;Teresa Militão,&nbsp;Craig D. Millar,&nbsp;Børge Moe,&nbsp;William A. Montevecchi,&nbsp;Leia Navarro-Herrero,&nbsp;Verónica C. Neves,&nbsp;David G. Nicholls,&nbsp;Malcolm A. C. Nicoll,&nbsp;Ken Norris,&nbsp;Terence W. O'Dwyer,&nbsp;Graham C. Parker,&nbsp;Hans-Ulrich Peter,&nbsp;Richard A. Phillips,&nbsp;Petra Quillfeldt,&nbsp;Jaime A. Ramos,&nbsp;Raül Ramos,&nbsp;Matt J. Rayner,&nbsp;Kalinka Rexer-Huber,&nbsp;Robert A. Ronconi,&nbsp;Kevin Ruhomaun,&nbsp;Peter G. Ryan,&nbsp;Paul M. Sagar,&nbsp;Sarah Saldanha,&nbsp;Niels M. Schmidt,&nbsp;Hendrik Schultz,&nbsp;Scott A. Shaffer,&nbsp;Iain J. Stenhouse,&nbsp;Akinori Takahashi,&nbsp;Vikash Tatayah,&nbsp;Graeme A. Taylor,&nbsp;David R. Thompson,&nbsp;Theo Thompson,&nbsp;Rob van Bemmelen,&nbsp;Diego Vicente-Sastre,&nbsp;Freydís Vigfúsdottir,&nbsp;Kath J. Walker,&nbsp;Jim Watts,&nbsp;Henri Weimerskirch,&nbsp;Takashi Yamamoto,&nbsp;Tammy E. Davies","doi":"10.1111/geb.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify the broad-scale oceanic migration routes (‘marine flyways’) used by multiple pelagic, long-distance migratory seabirds based on a global compilation of tracking data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1989–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seabirds (Families: Phaethontidae, Hydrobatidae, Diomedeidae, Procellariidae, Laridae and Stercorariidae).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collated a comprehensive global tracking dataset that included the migratory routes of 48 pelagic and long-distance migrating seabird species across the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Southern Oceans. We grouped individuals that followed similar routes, independent of species or timings of migration, using a dynamic time warping clustering approach. We visualised the routes of each cluster using a line density analysis and used knowledge of seabird spatial ecology to combine the clusters to identify the broad-scale flyways followed by most pelagic migratory seabirds tracked to-date at an ocean-basin scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six marine flyways were identified across the world's oceans: the Atlantic Ocean Flyway, North Indian Ocean Flyway, East Indian Ocean Flyway, West Pacific Ocean Flyway, Pacific Ocean Flyway and Southern Ocean Flyway. Generally, the flyways were used bidirectionally, and individuals either followed sections of a flyway, a complete flyway, or their movements linked two or more flyways. Transhemispheric figure-of-eight routes in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and a circumnavigation flyway in the Southern Ocean correspond with major wind<i>-</i>driven ocean currents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The marine flyways identified demonstrate that pelagic seabirds have similar and repeatable migration routes across ocean-basin scales. Our study highlights the need to account for connectivity in seabird conservation and provides a framework for international cooperation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global-Scale Analysis Reveals Importance of Environment and Species Traits in Spatial Patterns of Riparian Plants' Genetic Diversity","authors":"Bartłomiej Surmacz,&nbsp;Patricia María Rodríguez González,&nbsp;Roland Jansson,&nbsp;Tomasz Suchan,&nbsp;Remigiusz Pielech","doi":"10.1111/geb.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70010","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In riparian zones along rivers, plant demography is shaped by hydrologic disturbances, the dendritic structure of the river networks, and asymmetric gene flow due to the prevalence of unidirectional dispersal by hydrochory. Downstream-biased dispersal may lead to the accumulation of genetic diversity in populations situated lower within the catchment area—a phenomenon referred to as ‘downstream increase in intraspecific genetic diversity’ (DIGD). Our study aimed to test if the presence of this pattern in riparian plants depends on the species traits, sampling design and ecosystem integrity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Riparian zones along rivers worldwide.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;1978–2023.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Vascular plants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We conducted meta-analysis of population genetic studies on riparian plants to identify the factors linked to the occurrence of the DIGD pattern. We modelled the correlation between position along rivers and population genetic diversity using a dataset consisting of variables extracted from the studies, supplemented by data from plant trait databases.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We found no evidence for a general trend in plant genetic diversity along rivers, but species traits and environmental factors partially explained the patterns. A downstream increase in genetic diversity was more likely to be found in species capable of hydrochoric dispersal and along the unmodified rivers which maintain habitat continuity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our study highlights that different patterns of genetic diversity can be linked to species traits or different levels of habitat fragmentation. Population genetic studies of riparian plants have frequently investigated patterns of genetic diversity in remnant populations in degraded riparian habitats. Although such investigations are important, more population studies of common plants in well-preserved riparian zones are needed, as these can help understanding the general mechanisms that control natural population dynamics of plant species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 &lt;/d","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing Historical Baselines of Arthropod Assemblages Using Rodent Paleomiddens","authors":"Joseph Braasch,&nbsp;Julio Betancourt,&nbsp;Olivier Dézerald,&nbsp;Udari Peiris,&nbsp;Maura Tapia-Rozas,&nbsp;Cristian Villagra,&nbsp;Claudio Latorre,&nbsp;Angélica L. González","doi":"10.1111/geb.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70006","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Arthropods are under-represented in paleoecological studies but are critical agents in ecological processes. Despite rigorous documentation of diverse arthropod assemblages from ancient rodent (or paleo) middens worldwide, their use for studying ancient arthropod diversity has stalled in recent decades. Here, we review published studies to identify how paleomidden arthropods can be leveraged to address significant questions in ecology and synthesise spatiotemporal trends in ancient arthropod diversity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global with a focus on the Americas.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;From ~40,000 to 100 years before present.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Fossil arthropods preserved in rodent paleomiddens.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We identified four primary objectives in ecology that can be advanced using paleomidden arthropod fossils: the reconstruction of ancient biodiversity, the elucidation of mechanisms and processes driving arthropod range shifts, the incorporation of arthropods into ancient trophic webs, and the assessment of adaptive responses to changing environments.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We identified 20 papers reporting arthropod remains, of which 14 provided data suitable for quantitative analyses. Although no significant differences in arthropod community diversity were found across broad geographic regions, substantial differences in community structure were observed. In North America, we also detected a decline in arthropod diversity from 10 to 5 ka BP, driven primarily by the absence of high-diversity assemblages during this period.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Paleomidden arthropods remain an underutilised ecological resource that can be leveraged to improve the inferential scope of arthropod research across spatiotemporal gradients. Collaboration between paleo- and neoecologists could help expand the sampling of ancient and modern arthropod communities, particularly those associated with paleomiddens, to create high-resolution datasets spanning important periods in biogeographical history. Paleomidden arthropods will remain a fundamental component for ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Occupancy Is Negatively Related to Richness Across Time and Space","authors":"B. R. Shipley,&nbsp;E. E. Saupe","doi":"10.1111/geb.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70009","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Biological diversity is shaped by processes occurring at different spatial and temporal scales. However, the direct influence of the spatial and temporal scale on patterns of occupancy is still understudied. Today, occupancy is often negatively correlated with species richness, but it is unknown whether this relationship is scale dependent and consistent through time. Here, we use datasets of contemporary and paleontological communities to explore the occupancy-richness relationship across space and time, examining how scale influences this relationship.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Varying spatial extents with global coverage.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Varies from 7 mya to 2021 CE.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Taxa&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;foraminifera, mammals, birds, fish, and plants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We gathered datasets spanning different spatial, temporal, and taxonomic extents. We binned each dataset into distinct time periods and spatially subsampled them into regional pools of varying sizes. We calculated regional occupancy and richness for each pool, measuring the strength of the relationship between the two. Using linear mixed models, we related the occupancy-richness relationship to the size of the regional pools, overall species richness, and climatic changes through time.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We observed nearly ubiquitous negative occupancy-richness relationships across taxa, spatial scale, and time. The size of the regional pools and time bins had no consistent effects on the strength of the relationship, but the strength of the negative relationship varied substantially among taxa, with foraminifera and North American pollen showing weaker relationships than mammals and birds. Changes in this relationship through time were not driven by climatic perturbations but by the species richness observed across all regional pools.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Patterns of regional richness and occupancy are consistently negatively related and independent of spatial and temporal scale and of direct climatic changes. However, differences in the ecology of species (e.g., dispersal ability) and changes in biodiversity and","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}