Global Ecology and Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"Plumage Polymorphism Varies Along Climatic and Urban Gradients Across Global Cities","authors":"Jaeseung Kim, Duri Bae, Changku Kang","doi":"10.1111/geb.70313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70313","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>How phenotypic variation relates to both climatic gradients and urbanisation across spatial scales remains unclear at global scales. Although animal colouration has long been linked to climate through ecogeographical rules, and urbanisation has increasingly been associated with phenotypic change, these processes have rarely been evaluated together across broad spatial extents within a single analytical framework. Here, we tested whether worldwide variation in plumage polymorphism is associated with climatic gradients consistent with ecogeographical rules, and whether urbanisation is associated with shifts in melanisation and morph composition consistent with colour homogenisation or divergence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global cities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2015–2025.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Feral pigeon (<i>Columba livia</i> domestica).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using deep-learning image analysis, we identified pigeons in citizen-science images and classified 240,098 detections into seven plumage morphs. We then modelled spatial variation in plumage morph composition using Bayesian hierarchical models that partitioned variation into differences among cities and local variation within cities. We quantified climatic and urbanisation associations using posterior-derived measures of melanisation, morph diversity and morph composition, and assessed regional heterogeneity across six continental-scale geographic regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate and urbanisation showed contrasting associations with plumage polymorphism across spatial scales: climatic variation was more strongly associated with morph composition among cities, whereas urbanisation showed clearer associations within cities. Among cities, melanisation increased toward colder environments, a pattern broadly consistent with Bogert's rule, although it was driven primarily by shifts between the two most common morphs and varied across regions. Within cities, urbanisation was positively associated with melanisation and morph diversity. Evidence for a general association between humidity and melanisation was weak and sensitive to how climatic variation was represented.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our work reveals distinct scale-dependent climatic and urba","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Conservativeness to Acquisitiveness: Adaptation Strategy Transitions in Aquatic Plants Based on Specific Leaf Area","authors":"Hao Wang,&nbsp;Jiahui Zhang,&nbsp;Zimo Li,&nbsp;Nianpeng He","doi":"10.1111/geb.70310","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70310","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aquatic plants cover approximately one-third of the global lake surface area and play a critical role in maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems. This study analysed spatiotemporal patterns and environmental determinants of specific leaf area (SLA) in aquatic plants across China and tested the proposed resource response hypothesis (RRH) which links SLA strategies to resource availability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 2008 to 2025.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three major functional groups of aquatic plants were investigated: emergent, floating-leaved, and submerged species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive SLA database for aquatic plants in China was compiled and conducted comparative analyses were conducted among functional groups, regions, and environmental gradients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall mean SLA of aquatic plants was 87.33 cm² g⁻¹, with significant differences among regions and functional groups. Emergent plants exhibited higher SLA than submerged and floating-leaved plants. The findings support the proposed RRH, indicating that aquatic plants adopt acquisitive strategies under resource-rich conditions with high light availability, and conservative strategies under resource-poor, low-light, or high-water-stress environments. Emergent plants evolved toward higher SLA, reflecting a shift from survival-oriented (conservative) to growth-oriented (acquisitive) adaptation strategies, whereas the SLA of submerged and floating-leaved plants remained evolutionarily stable. Hydrological factors (shoreline length and water depth) primarily determined SLA variation in emergent and submerged plants, respectively, whereas climatic factors, particularly wind speed, influenced the SLA in floating-leaved plants. Large-scale SLA mapping revealed higher SLA values in southern and eastern China, corresponding to warm and nutrient-rich conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide new insights into the adaptive strategies of aquatic plants and establish a foundation for integrating aquatic-plant functional traits into ecological and climate models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149033108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Diversity Amplifies the Effects of Functional Diversity on Forest Carbon Storage Across Stand Development","authors":"Chen Wang,&nbsp;Tao Jiang,&nbsp;Yu Zhu,&nbsp;Decheng Zhou,&nbsp;John R. Healey,&nbsp;Shuguang Liu,&nbsp;Shuqing Zhao","doi":"10.1111/geb.70309","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70309","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forest structural diversity is recognized as a key driver of ecosystem functioning, yet its role in translating functional strategies into ecosystem processes remains poorly understood. This study examines whether structural diversity amplifies the effects of functional diversity (FD) and functional identity (FI) on aboveground carbon storage (AGC) and evaluates the relative contributions of niche complementarity and selection effects across forest types and stand-development stages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southeastern US, Japan, and Hunan, China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1997–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forest trees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used national forest inventory data (24,023 natural forest plots; 7530 conifer plantation plots) to quantify relationships among AGC, FD, FI, and structural diversity. Analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effects models, piecewise structural equation modelling, and hierarchical Bayesian methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FD effects on AGC increased with age in natural conifer forests across regions, but diverged in broadleaf forests (declining in the southeastern US and Hunan, increasing in Japan). In natural forests, FD was generally a stronger predictor of AGC than FI. Structural diversity mediated a substantial proportion of FD effects on AGC (33%–100% in broadleaf forests), with mediation peaking earlier in broadleaf than in conifer and mixed forests. Across climatic gradients, indirect effects of FD via structural diversity prevailed over direct effects, whereas FI showed negative indirect effects on AGC associated with conservative strategies. In conifer plantations, FD effects were primarily mediated by structural diversity, whereas FI exerted stronger direct effects on AGC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The biodiversity–carbon relationship is age-dependent and forest-type specific. Structural diversity is a key mediator linking FD to AGC, supporting niche complementarity. Management practices that enhance structural diversity may amplify the carbon benefits of FD. Promoting forests that are both functionally and structurally diverse may therefore enhance long-term carbon sequestration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Environmental Drivers of European Plant Distributions","authors":"Eléonore Chenevois,&nbsp;Gabrielle Deschamps,&nbsp;Cyrille Violle,&nbsp;Sara Si-Moussi,&nbsp;Idoia Biurrun,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Campos,&nbsp;Klaus Thomas Ecker,&nbsp;Franz Essl,&nbsp;Jean-Claude Gegout,&nbsp;Behlül Güler,&nbsp;Corrado Marcenò,&nbsp;Aaron Pérez-Haase,&nbsp;Eszter Ruprecht,&nbsp;Michele De Sanctis,&nbsp;Jozef Šibík,&nbsp;Zvjezdana Stančić,&nbsp;Jens-Christian Svenning,&nbsp;Wilfried Thuiller","doi":"10.1111/geb.70308","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70308","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Understanding the contemporary environmental conditions determining plant species distributions is crucial. Here, we quantified the relative importance of climatic, edaphic, hydrological, topographic, and land use drivers of the European vascular flora and tested whether driver hierarchies vary across species groups and ecological characteristics, spatial scales and bioregions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Europe and adjacent areas.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;1990–2022.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Taxa&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Vascular plants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We compiled &gt; 20 million occurrence records from GBIF, EVA and other databases for ~11,500 vascular plant species, mapped onto a 1 km × 1 km grid. Gradient boosted decision trees were fitted with 36 uncorrelated variables and evaluated through spatial block cross-validation. Variable contributions were assessed using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values at continental and bioregional scales. Using SHAP profiles, we also clustered species with similar environmental responses and tested how these groups relate to life history, growth form, habitat and CSR ecological strategies.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;At the continental scale, climate and soil emerged as the dominant environmental drivers of plant distributions. Six response groups were identified, which showed that less dominant drivers—hydrology, topography and land use and cover—strongly influenced certain species. Groups were significantly associated with ecological characteristics such as growth form. Beyond group-level differences, we also found clear geographical patterns and scale-dependent shifts in variable importance: within bioregions, local drivers gained importance relative to continental constraints.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Plant species distributions in Europe are primarily shaped by climate and soil among contemporary environmental drivers, but species-specific ecological characteristics, scale and spatial context modulate the hierarchy of drivers. Recognizing response diversity is essential to avoid oversimplified generalizations. A multi-scale framework that integrates cli","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148915617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Patterns in Body Size and Colour Lightness Diversity of Swallowtail Butterflies Highlight Biogeographical Legacy Over Common Environmental Explanations","authors":"Marvin Krampe,&nbsp;Ricarda Laumeier,&nbsp;Nina Farwig,&nbsp;Fabien L. Condamine,&nbsp;Stefan Pinkert","doi":"10.1111/geb.70306","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70306","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Differences in the functional traits of co-occurring species drive species' interactions and sustain key ecosystem services. However, the historical and contemporary environmental drivers of, as well as the surrogacy of conventional range-based diversity metrics for, this functional diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we assess the drivers and spatial congruence of species richness, range rarity, and a major component of the global functional diversity of swallowtail butterflies—the body size and colour lightness dispersion—grounded in global-scale analyses of their ecophysiological functions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Contemporary.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Papilionidae (Lepidoptera).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Using comprehensive distribution data and two ecologically important and ubiquitous traits, namely body size and colour lightness, for 511 (80%) species, we examined the environmental drivers of assemblage-level trait means and dispersion. Using trend surface models that account for environmental drivers, we further assessed the potential contribution of latent biogeographical drivers.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Species richness and range rarity, but not functional dispersion, decreased with latitude (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 34 &gt; 21 &gt; 5%), mainly due to similar effects of temperature and productivity. Hotspots of over-dispersion uniquely highlighted Indomalaya and adjacent regions, while being largely absent from the Neotropic and Afrotropic. Being weakly driven by contemporary environmental factors, this pattern was even more prominent in the residuals explained by a latent, strongly longitudinally structured driver.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The idiosyncratic relationships with environmental drivers and moderate congruence with conventional diversity measures suggest broad complementarity of functional dispersion. Notably, although environmental drivers strongly shape mean body size and colour lightness, consistent with ecophysiological mechanisms, they do not translate into filters of trait dispersion. Thus, while both t","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trait–Climate Relationships Are Comparable for Modern Pollen Assemblages and Extant Vegetation Plots","authors":"Lucas Dugerdil,&nbsp;Odile Peyron,&nbsp;Cyrille Violle,&nbsp;Sébastien Joannin,&nbsp;Guillemette Ménot,&nbsp;Pierre Denelle,&nbsp;Helge Bruelheide,&nbsp;Richard Field,&nbsp;Mohamed Z. Hatim,&nbsp;Hamid Gholizadeh,&nbsp;Jiri Dolezal,&nbsp;Valério D. Pillar,&nbsp;Kamal H. Shaltout,&nbsp;Franziska Schrodt,&nbsp;Eric Garnier","doi":"10.1111/geb.70303","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70303","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Reliable climate simulations require comparison with robust reconstructions of past climates, often based on fossil pollen assemblages. This is particularly critical in drylands, where climate models frequently diverge. Yet, traditional pollen-based reconstructions often overlook the mechanistic links between climate and plant functioning, complicating their interpretation. Integrating functional traits into pollen analyses may help identify and reduce biases in climate reconstructions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Arid Central Asia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Present and Holocene.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Spermatophytes (pollen-producing plants).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Here, we combine plant functional traits, modern surface pollen assemblages and vegetation plots to test whether assemblage-level trait–climate relationships are consistent between pollen and vegetation data. Two levels of taxonomic resolution of pollen identification (&lt;i&gt;fine&lt;/i&gt; vs. &lt;i&gt;coarse&lt;/i&gt;) were tested. The biogeographical distributions of plant traits derived from pollen and vegetation were examined, and community-weighted means of traits were compared between the pollen and vegetation datasets to determine: (1) whether similar trait–climate relationships can be detected in both and (2) which of these relationships are strongest.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Leaf area, leaf nitrogen content &lt;i&gt;per&lt;/i&gt; unit mass, specific leaf area and stem specific density (SSD) showed consistent spatial patterns across pollen and vegetation datasets. The trait–climate relationships were moderately correlated (ca. &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; of 0.6) between pollen and vegetation data, and the directions of correlations were similar for 85% of the individual relationships. Both &lt;i&gt;fine&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;coarse&lt;/i&gt; taxonomic resolutions capture broad vegetation functional responses to climate, whereas &lt;i&gt;finer&lt;/i&gt; pollen identification improves the accuracy of trait–climate relationships. Mean annual precipitation and cold-quarter temperature and precipitation were the climatic variables most strongly related to traits. Leaf area correlated positively with the three climate parameters, while plant height and SSD correlated positively with annual precipitation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Uniqueness: New Measures to Reconcile Method With Concept","authors":"Andrés Baselga,&nbsp;Carola Gómez-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1111/geb.70302","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70302","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Ecological uniqueness quantifies how different a community is relative to all other communities within the study. This broad-sense definition of uniqueness makes it dependent on the choice of the dissimilarity metric used to quantify differences between communities. Moreover, under a narrow-sense definition of the concept, a uniqueness metric should indicate the proportion of species in the community that are unique to that community, i.e., absent from other communities. Here we develop and assess the key properties of a reliable metric for the quantification of uniqueness and compare the behaviour of two widely used approaches: (i) average pairwise dissimilarity between the focal community and all others and (ii) Local Contribution to Beta Diversity (LCBD).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Innovation&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We introduce two new metrics to compute ecological uniqueness using presence/absence (&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;rlb&lt;/sub&gt;) and abundance data (&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;rlb.ab&lt;/sub&gt;), based on asymmetric Ruggiero dissimilarity (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;rlb&lt;/sub&gt;) and a new abundance-based asymmetric dissimilarity index (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;rlb.ab&lt;/sub&gt;), respectively. We also identify two key properties for the quantification of uniqueness under a narrow definition of the concept: pairwise index asymmetry and independence from the number of non-focal sites included in the study. Pairwise asymmetry refers to the possibility that the dissimilarity between community A and B differs from the dissimilarity between B and A. To show this, we provide conceptual and simulated examples assessing the behaviour of uniqueness when quantified as LCBD (Hellinger and Sørensen), as average symmetric dissimilarity (Sørensen and Simpson) and as average asymmetric dissimilarity (Ruggiero) using presence/absence data. We also include a case study using real data on European longhorn beetles. We show that both approaches (average dissimilarity and LCBD) are conceptually and mathematically equivalent, but only average dissimilarity can be interpreted in absolute terms as it accounts for the overall beta diversity (i.e., community differentiation) within the region and does not depend on the number of non-focal communities.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our results show that only average dissimilarity values based on an asymmetric index allow the quantification of uniqueness that is consistent with its ecological narrow-sense concept. Uniqueness thus emerges as an important ecological attribute that, if properly quantified, can be used to identify highly valuable communities, containing many species exclusive to them. Consequently, by focusing on uniqueness, cons","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Colour in Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) Is Linked to Climate and Latitude","authors":"Patricia Henríquez-Piskulich,&nbsp;Iliana Medina,&nbsp;Andrew F. Hugall,&nbsp;Fabian C. Salgado-Roa,&nbsp;Katrina J. Rankin,&nbsp;Mark Elgar,&nbsp;Devi Stuart-Fox","doi":"10.1111/geb.70307","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70307","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental drivers frequently predict global patterns of colour diversity, but whether such patterns depend on the underlying colour mechanisms—pigments or microscopic structures—has scarcely been considered. Structural colour may have different functional properties that result in different associations with environmental variables. Here we test whether the presence of structural colour is linked with environmental variables that reflect potential thermoregulatory and water-repellent properties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We scored the presence of structural colour and extracted climate data for 1784 bee species. We used phylogenetic generalised linear mixed models to control for phylogenetic relatedness and tested whether environmental variables related to temperature and humidity explain the presence of structural colour.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A higher proportion of tropical species had structural colour, despite the higher species richness of bees at higher latitudes. Structural colouration was more likely to occur in cool, sunny environments, in which it is expected to provide the greatest thermal benefit. Structural colour was also more prevalent in environments with higher annual precipitation. These ecogeographic patterns were independent of body size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study reveals global ecogeographic patterns of structural colouration in bees, consistent with thermoregulatory and potentially water-repellence functions. In addition, our findings highlight that structural colours probably have multiple coexisting functions including both visual and non-visual functions that need to be disentangled to understand global patterns of colour diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical Modelling of Aquatic Species Distributions","authors":"Georgios Vagenas,&nbsp;Miguel G. Matias,&nbsp;Miguel Bastos Araújo","doi":"10.1111/geb.70301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70301","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Species Distribution Models (SDMs) have traditionally been developed in a terrestrial context, and their application to aquatic ecosystems presents unique challenges. These include predicting species distributions across spatially constrained environments and incorporating environmental drivers that operate across nested spatial scales. We address these challenges by exploring various spatially-explicit model training strategies and novel hierarchical global-to-regional model structures to assess the scaling of environmental filters across climatic (broad), hydroclimatic (regional), and hydromorphological (local) gradients. Our goal is to establish a method for modeling aquatic species distributions that accounts for the distinct biogeography of freshwater systems.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Innovation&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We demonstrate the application of a systematic analytical approach to model aquatic species distributions by investigating three critical dimensions: (i) the optimal spatial extents of training for SDMs in freshwater ecosystems; (ii) the effect of predictor combinations across climatic, hydroclimatic and hydromorphological factors on predictive performance; and (iii) the interplay of these interacting drivers from global to regional scales. This comprehensive cross-comparison forms the core of our workflow for assessing overall model robustness across diverse model settings for aquatic taxa.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We used Iberian freshwater fishes as a case study. Our results show that models constrained to a species' watershed of occurrence, meaning they are trained strictly within its boundaries, deliver high predictive accuracy as opposed to wide-scale training areas. The &lt;i&gt;h&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; basin level emerged as the most parsimonious and highest-performing training extent across global, global-to-regional, and explicitly regional models, and any further reduction of the watershed area resulted in an overall decline in model performance. For widespread species, particularly for native ones, the global niche was found to be the most important variable in our hierarchical models, demonstrating that regional studies must account for niche truncation to avoid biased results. Furthermore, our results show that climate and hydroclimatic drivers outperform locally structured, hydromorphological-based models. This indicates that despite the importance of site-specific features, the distribution of freshwater fish is primarily governed by broad-to-regional environmental changes. Finally, our results provide insights into the scaling of the environmental filtering processes that d","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Range Maps and Occurrence Data Support Conflicting Biogeographical Hypotheses About Australian Amphibians","authors":"Collin S. VanBuren,&nbsp;John Alroy","doi":"10.1111/geb.70299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70299","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Understanding patterns and drivers of biodiversity is a primary focus of ecological research. While all biodiversity data contain biases, most recent studies have used range maps derived from experts or species distribution models to test for controls on observed species richness patterns. Less attention has been given to other data sources, such as occurrence records from museum specimens or community science initiatives, which are heavily biased by sampling effort. However, this problem can be resolved using richness extrapolators to estimate ‘true’ richness from counts of observations, which allows for undetected or undescribed species to be considered.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Australia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Recent.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Amphibians.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We apply four richness extrapolation methods while evaluating their performance. We analyse occurrence records and compare how richness estimated from range maps, museum specimens and community science affects support for biodiversity hypotheses. These are compared using spatial autoregressive models at two resolutions. We also include sensitivity analyses using zero-richness cells and human population density.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The geometric series index (GSI) distribution performed best on the museum occurrence datasets and estimated higher richness than using range maps. Fitting the geometric Weibull (GW) distribution yielded similar performance. We find that occurrence- and range map-based models show support for the energy and habitat heterogeneity hypotheses, although models explain much less variation in occurrence estimates. Including zero-richness cells sometimes improved model performance. However, extrapolating richness from community science occurrences failed to detect missing richness or recover the latitudinal diversity gradient present in the other two datasets.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Richness estimated from different data sources may support different biodiversity hypotheses, and these differences may be influenced by underlying biases. We conclude that occurrence records can be informative for testing biodiversity hypotheses when biases are appropriately considered, and that future studies should take adv","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}