Landscape-Scale Responses of Freshwater Biodiversity to Connectivity and Stressors

IF 6.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI:10.1111/geb.70069

Craig Wilkie, Alan Law, Stephen J. Thackeray, Charlotte Ward, Tom August, Ambroise Baker, Jafet Belmont, Laurence Carvalho, Daniel Chapman, Anne Dobel, Claire Miller, Henrietta Pringle, Marian Scott, Gavin Siriwardena, Philip Taylor, Nigel Willby

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

There is compelling evidence that drivers and patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning vary across multiple spatial scales, from global to regional, landscape and patch. However, macroecological processes impacting freshwater biodiversity are poorly understood compared to marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Despite step changes in data availability, we have a fragmented view beyond the local scale of how hydrological and landscape connectivity interact with ecosystem stressors to shape freshwater biodiversity and functioning. While macroecological patterns can vary substantially among taxonomic groups, previous studies have focussed on individual habitat types, sites or taxonomic groups within landscapes, hindering direct comparisons. We present a cross-landscape, multi-species analysis of the interactive effects of landscape and hydrological connectivity and stressors on standing freshwater quality and the diversity of several major freshwater taxonomic groups.

Location

Great Britain (United Kingdom).

Time Period

2000–2016.

Major Taxa Studied

Phytoplankton chlorophyll-a, macrophytes, molluscs, Coleoptera, Odonata, fish and birds.

Methods

Using random forests and generalised additive modelling, we quantified the interactive effects of landscape and hydrological connectivity and stressors on water quality (phytoplankton chlorophyll-a) and the diversity of selected taxa in standing freshwaters.

Results

We found evidence of connectivity changing from positive to negative relationships with biotic responses with increasing human-induced stress levels. Some species groups showed the inverse, reflecting complexities of modelling at large, cross-landscape scales. Almost all responses were affected by stress or connectivity, often interacting and with non-linear relationships.

Main Conclusions

Patterns in stressor-connectivity interactions differed across taxa, but were important in shaping 6 of 8 biotic responses. This emphasises the need for taxon-specific analyses to resolve freshwater ecological responses to stressors, connectivity, and their interactions. Our results also highlight that connectivity effects must be integrated in landscape-scale, evidence-led decision-making, designed to reduce impacts of stressors on water quality and biodiversity.

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淡水生物多样性对连通性和压力源的景观尺度响应

有令人信服的证据表明，生物多样性和生态系统功能的驱动因素和模式在多个空间尺度上存在差异，从全球到区域，从景观到斑块。然而，与海洋和陆地生态系统相比，人们对影响淡水生物多样性的宏观生态过程知之甚少。尽管数据可用性在逐步变化，但我们对水文和景观连通性如何与生态系统压力源相互作用以塑造淡水生物多样性和功能的看法超出了局部尺度。虽然宏观生态模式在不同的分类类群之间可能有很大的差异，但以前的研究主要集中在景观内的个别生境类型、地点或分类类群上，阻碍了直接比较。本文对景观、水文连通性和压力源对常绿淡水质量和主要淡水分类类群多样性的交互影响进行了跨景观、多物种的分析。地点：大不列颠（联合王国）。时间范围2000-2016。主要分类群：浮游植物叶绿素-a、大型植物、软体动物、鞘翅目、蛙类、鱼类和鸟类。方法采用随机森林和广义加性模型，量化景观和水文连通性以及压力源对常绿淡水水质（浮游植物叶绿素-a）和选定分类群多样性的交互影响。结果我们发现，随着人类应激水平的增加，生物反应的连通性从正相关变为负相关。一些物种群表现出相反的趋势，这反映了在大的、跨景观尺度上建模的复杂性。几乎所有的反应都受到压力或连通性的影响，通常是相互作用和非线性关系。应激源-连通性相互作用模式在不同分类群中存在差异，但在8种生物响应中有6种是重要的。这强调了对分类群特异性分析的需求，以解决淡水生态对压力源、连通性及其相互作用的反应。我们的研究结果还强调，连通性效应必须整合到景观尺度的证据导向决策中，旨在减少压力源对水质和生物多样性的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Global Ecology and Biogeography 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

3.10%

发文量

170

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Global Ecology and Biogeography (GEB) welcomes papers that investigate broad-scale (in space, time and/or taxonomy), general patterns in the organization of ecological systems and assemblages, and the processes that underlie them. In particular, GEB welcomes studies that use macroecological methods, comparative analyses, meta-analyses, reviews, spatial analyses and modelling to arrive at general, conceptual conclusions. Studies in GEB need not be global in spatial extent, but the conclusions and implications of the study must be relevant to ecologists and biogeographers globally, rather than being limited to local areas, or specific taxa. Similarly, GEB is not limited to spatial studies; we are equally interested in the general patterns of nature through time, among taxa (e.g., body sizes, dispersal abilities), through the course of evolution, etc. Further, GEB welcomes papers that investigate general impacts of human activities on ecological systems in accordance with the above criteria.