Global Ecology and Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"FishSounds Versions 2 and 3: Achieving the Largest Global Database of Fish Sound Production","authors":"Audrey Looby, Sarah Vela, Aaron N. Rice, Santiago Bravo, Hailey L. Davies, Kelsie A. Murchy, Rodney Rountree, Laura K. Reynolds, Charles W. Martin, Francis Juanes, Kieran D. Cox","doi":"10.1111/geb.70149","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fish sounds are integral to a variety of ecological functions, including reproduction, predator–prey interactions and recruitment, with ever-growing interest in their relationships to anthropogenic impacts and applications for passive acoustic monitoring. Until recently, however, fish sound production data were often not easily accessible, limiting research, management and public awareness. FishSounds.net launched in 2021 to compile and disseminate global fish sound production information and recordings. Here, we describe the subsequent FishSounds version releases 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 3.0 and 3.1 (cumulatively referred to as Versions 2 and 3). We updated the core dataset to include any fish species studied for sound production up until the year 2023. We added over 1000 new fish sound recordings, collated from FishSounds contributors or Cornell University's Macaulay Library. Connections with FishBase and the World Register of Marine Species were strengthened to improve the species information provided on FishSounds and facilitate data sharing. We also created several interactive visualisation tools, including a dendrogram and map view, to allow users to explore trends in known fish sound production. These updates have made FishSounds now the largest catalogue of fish sound production knowledge, utilised by over 17,000 users annually and featuring 1252 fish species studied across 1013 references as well as 1304 recordings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Types of Variables Contained</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fish sound production information compiled from the scientific literature, representative fish sound recordings with associated metadata and supporting images and species data drawn from other repositories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Spatial Location and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1874–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa and Level of Measurement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fishes (Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Sarcopterygii, Actinopterygii). All sound production information and most recordings have species-level identification, with any others identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Software Format</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The complete database is presented on FishSounds.net, with versioned image, audio, tabular and text files in a Borealis data repository.</p>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145478229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft Range Limits Shape Sensitivity to Forest Cover More Strongly Than Hard Range Limits","authors":"Natasha R. Granville,&nbsp;Alex L. Pigot,&nbsp;Benjamin Howes,&nbsp;Luiz dos Anjos,&nbsp;Victor Arroyo-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Luc Barbaro,&nbsp;Jos Barlow,&nbsp;Matthew G. Betts,&nbsp;Alexis Cerezo,&nbsp;Pedro F. Develey,&nbsp;Jack H. Hatfield,&nbsp;Hervé Jactel,&nbsp;Jordan Karubian,&nbsp;Urs G. Kormann,&nbsp;Jesse R. Lasky,&nbsp;Charles J. Marsh,&nbsp;Luiz A. M. Mestre,&nbsp;José Carlos Morante-Filho,&nbsp;Pieter Olivier,&nbsp;Anna M. Pidgeon,&nbsp;Hugh Possingham,&nbsp;Vânia Proença,&nbsp;Julien Terraube,&nbsp;Alexandre Uezu,&nbsp;Eric M. Wood,&nbsp;Cristina Banks-Leite","doi":"10.1111/geb.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Land-use change is a major threat to biodiversity, yet there remains considerable unexplained variation in how it affects different populations of the same species. Here, we examine how sensitivity to forest cover changes depending on proximity to different limits of a species' range. By comparing responses as species approach their coastal (‘hard’) and inland (‘soft’) range limits, we aim to provide insight into the relative influence of mass effects, as compared to abiotic and biotic environmental suitability in shaping population sensitivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1996–2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Birds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We combined data from several large databases to obtain a dataset of 2543 bird species surveyed across 116 studies, spanning six continents. Using expert-verified range maps, we calculated the position of populations relative to their species' nearest inland (‘soft’) and coastal (‘hard’) range limits and categorised the inland limits as equatorward- or poleward- facing. We investigated how distance to range limits and forest cover, derived from a 30 m-resolution global dataset, affect the probability of species' incidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that bird populations are more sensitive to forest cover when located closer to their species' inland (‘soft’) range limits, whereas this was not the case at coastal (‘hard’) range limits. The heightened sensitivity to forest cover at soft range limits was similar regardless of whether the range limit faced equatorward or poleward.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results highlight how populations close to the soft limits of their species' ranges are at higher risk of extirpation resulting from loss of forest cover. This suggests that environmental conditions (e.g., climate), which become more challenging away from the core of the species' range, drive variability in sensitivity to forest cover.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Footprint Halves Tail Loss Rates in Geckos Worldwide","authors":"Lucas Rodriguez Forti,&nbsp;Ana Marta Pereira R. da S. Passetti,&nbsp;Gabriela Fonseca,&nbsp;Maria Eduarda Lima-Alves,&nbsp;Jandson Lucas Camelo da Silva,&nbsp;Marcus Dantas,&nbsp;Marcelo Henrique Torres de Medeiros,&nbsp;Luís Gustavo de Oliveira Santos,&nbsp;Marcos S. L. Figueiredo,&nbsp;Judit K. Szabo","doi":"10.1111/geb.70147","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70147","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Anthropogenic changes alter predator–prey systems worldwide. Defensive behaviour is shaped by the costs and benefits for individuals, and we hypothesise that tail shedding, as an escape strategy, has a higher cost for animals in human-modified environments compared to natural landscapes. Therefore, our central objective was to evaluate the effects of human footprint on the observed frequency of caudal autotomy in geckos.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;1964–2023.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Lizards.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We classified caudal condition as intact, amputated and regenerated in over 140,000 images of 1264 gecko species in the citizen science platform iNaturalist. We included a quantification of tail abnormalities and tested the effects of the Human Footprint Index, body size, habitat preference, and climate variables on autotomy and regeneration rate using two beta-binomial models. We also reviewed records of caudal autotomy in the literature, searching for relevant articles published in the Web of Science, Scopus and Scientific Electronic Online databases.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We identified 14,382 cases of shed or regenerated tail in 748 species among iNaturalist observations. For 631 of these species, autotomy has not yet been described in the scientific literature. We observed caudal abnormalities in 36 species. Tail loss rates dropped from approximately 25% to less than 12% in areas with the highest Human Footprint Index, indicating a strong spatial association between anthropogenic pressure and reduced autotomy. Saxicolous and smaller geckos, independently of phylogeny, had a higher rate of tail loss.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We found that gecko tail loss dropped &gt; 50% in areas with high human impact. Despite the increasing number of observations, rates of caudal autotomy decreased from 13.3% in 2000–2011 to 9.7% in 2012–2023, suggesting a trend that could be related to changes in predation pressure or the potential loss of autotomy among geckos under increased anthropogenic landscape transformation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Properties of Individual Fire Events Are Essential for Understanding Global Fire Regimes","authors":"Adam L. Mahood,&nbsp;Ty Tuff,&nbsp;Megan E. Cattau,&nbsp;Virginia Iglesias,&nbsp;Thomas E. Hanson,&nbsp;Jilmarie Stephens,&nbsp;Nayani Ilangakoon,&nbsp;Maxwell C. Cook,&nbsp;R. Chelsea Nagy,&nbsp;David Barnard,&nbsp;E. Natasha Stavros,&nbsp;Amy DeCastro,&nbsp;Jennifer K. Balch","doi":"10.1111/geb.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As fire activity changes globally, we need to better understand the spatial and temporal characteristics of the individual events that, when aggregated, constitute fire regimes. Most global studies analyze point detections of burned area, without delineating or considering the properties of individual events. Furthermore, there is a critical need to understand fire patterns within the context of the geopolitical boundaries within which fires are managed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2003–2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We divided 241 countries by Köppen-Geiger climate classifications and quantified four event-based fire regime metrics: size, duration, and mean and maximum growth rate; and four area-based metrics: burned area, number of fires, season length, and season peak. We examined the correlations among fire regime components, and between each fire regime component and climate normals. We quantified temporal trends, and used mixed models to analyze how climate and landcover change were associated with event-based components of fire regimes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Event-based metrics were weakly correlated with area-based metrics. Countries with warmer and less variable climates had high burned area, more fire events, longer season lengths and shorter event durations. Countries with high annual temperature range and low precipitation tended to have fewer events but larger fires that were faster-spreading and occurred later in the year. The growth rate and size of individual fire events are increasing in 18% and 21% of regions we analysed, respectively. Interannual variability in size and growth rate was associated with aridity increases in boreal areas, and landcover changes in arid areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drivers of burned area and fire seasonality are well understood but largely unrelated to the properties of individual events. A more detailed understanding of the spatial and temporal aspects of fire events at broad scales will assist fire management efforts in preparing for a warmer future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Woody Plant Encroachment Significantly Alters Grassland Soil Microbial Community: A Global Meta-Analysis","authors":"Guoliang Sha,&nbsp;Shuyan Chen,&nbsp;Xuanchen Liu,&nbsp;Wanyu Xia,&nbsp;Hanwen Cui,&nbsp;Anning Zhang,&nbsp;Lizhe An,&nbsp;Zi Yang,&nbsp;Xia Zhao,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Xiuling Yu,&nbsp;Jing Xiao,&nbsp;Sa Xiao","doi":"10.1111/geb.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70148","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Woody plant encroachment is reshaping grassland ecosystem functions worldwide. While its aboveground impacts are well documented, how this process alters microbial communities—key drivers of belowground processes—remains poorly understood. We aimed to (1) quantify the general effects of global woody plant encroachment on soil microbial community attributes in grasslands and (2) identify the abiotic and biotic factors driving these changes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global grassland ecosystems.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;2000–2024.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Soil microbial communities (bacteria, fungi).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We conducted a meta-analysis of 241 paired observations to evaluate changes in microbial composition, diversity, biomass, activity and enzyme activity under woody plant encroachment.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Woody plant encroachment significantly altered soil properties. Woody plant encroachment also promoted a comprehensive increase in microbial community diversity, biomass, microbial activity and enzyme activity, as well as changes in community composition. The nitrogen-fixing status of the encroaching species (biotic factor) significantly affected microbial responses: encroachment by nitrogen-fixing plants resulted in a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, fungal richness, microbial biomass phosphorus and phosphatase activity compared to non-nitrogen-fixing plants. In addition, abiotic factors, such as mean annual temperature, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were identified as key factors driving microbial responses. Specifically, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature and elevation jointly regulated the effects of woody plant encroachment on soil microbial community attributes by influencing plant and soil properties.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This meta-analysis demonstrated that woody plant encroachment significantly reshaped soil microbial communities in grassland ecosystems. Our findings highlight the role of abiotic factors (climate, elevation, organic carbon and total nitrogen), and biotic factors (nitrogen-fixing status) in mediating the response of soil microbial communities. These insights contribute to a better understanding of belowground ecological processes and p","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145447209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Radiation Affects Bird Distributions but Not Elevational Shifts in European Mountains","authors":"Joséphine Couet,&nbsp;Emma-Liina Marjakangas,&nbsp;Andrea Santangeli,&nbsp;Pekka Niittynen,&nbsp;Benoît Fontaine,&nbsp;Sergi Herrando,&nbsp;John Atle Kålås,&nbsp;Åke Lindström,&nbsp;Dario Massimino,&nbsp;Marvin Moosmann,&nbsp;Benjamin Seaman,&nbsp;Laura Silva,&nbsp;Bård G. Stokke,&nbsp;Norbert Teufelbauer,&nbsp;Aleksi Lehikoinen","doi":"10.1111/geb.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change is driving species towards higher elevations. While local shifts in elevation are well documented, patterns across entire mountain regions are less understood. On a local scale, abiotic factors, such as topography and solar radiation relating to microclimate, affect species distributions and can thus influence the rate of elevational shifts on mountain slopes. The impact of abiotic factors on biodiversity is evident, but range shift studies have mostly focused on groups of species with low mobility, such as plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across European mountain regions of the Alps, Pyrenees, Scandinavia and the United Kingdom.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2001–2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred seventy-seven bird species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We adopted a cross-scale community approach using abundance data to quantify the impact of the amount of solar radiation (measured as potential incoming solar radiation) on the mean elevational distribution and rate of elevational shifts of bird species in four European mountain regions. We modelled the impact of the amount of solar radiation using generalised linear mixed models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that bird species inhabit higher elevations in areas receiving more solar radiation. We also found that the mean elevations at which species occur moved uphill by 0.5 m/year between the periods 2001–2004 and 2018–2021 across Europe. However, this rate of elevational shifts was similar between areas receiving low, medium and high amounts of solar radiation. We observed variations in the rate of elevational shifts that were fastest in Scandinavia and the Alps, while no uphill shift was observed in the UK or the Pyrenees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings underscore the significance of abiotic factors, including solar radiation and climate change, driving, directly or indirectly, birds' elevational distributions. They also unveil consistent patterns of uphill shifts across different solar radiation regimes at a continental scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145434207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observed and Dark Diversity of Alien Plants Across the World","authors":"Bruno Paganeli,&nbsp;Enrico Tordoni,&nbsp;Hanno Seebens,&nbsp;Meelis Pärtel","doi":"10.1111/geb.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biological invasions are one of the major threats to ecosystems worldwide and are expected to increase further in the future. Prevention and swift responses are crucial to mitigate this threat. However, predicting new alien species' arrivals remains a challenge. Here, we identified the distribution pattern of potential new invasion by defining regional alien dark diversity—ecologically suitable but currently absent sets of alien plant species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current and future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Applying a probabilistic approach based on the co-occurrence of over 346,000 species, we identified the size and composition of alien dark diversity in 367 regions. Using recognised invasion drivers, we assessed their effects on observed and alien dark diversity. Additionally, we used projected socioeconomic scenarios for 2050 and related them to the alien dark diversity, describing risks for future invasions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global distributions of alien observed and dark diversity sizes differed considerably. In contrast to alien observed diversity trends, alien dark diversity was higher in smaller, naturally species-poor, and unproductive dry regions. While alien observed diversity increased with economic wealth, dark diversity decreased. Urbanisation was the only variable where both alien biodiversity metrics showed a consistent positive relationship. By 2050, about a quarter of the globe's land area will face a high risk of future invasions, with the most suitable dark diversity species being shared between regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We show that alien ecological suitability is enhanced by urbanisation, but GDP is one of the most important drivers of invasion, as it facilitates alien species' arrival. As many regions share similar potential new invaders, some with disruptive ecological roles, we highlight the importance of sharing invasion control strategies. Knowledge about alien dark diversity facilitates the assessment of forthcoming invasion risks, enabling preparation ahead of time for mitigating the adverse effects of biological invasions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145427391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Evolution in Island Birds Is Associated With More Terrestrial Lifestyles and a Lower Number of Raptors and Intra-Family Competitors","authors":"Raquel Ponti,&nbsp;Ana V. Leitão,&nbsp;Claire Doutrelant,&nbsp;Rita Covas","doi":"10.1111/geb.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Island biotas experience unique ecological conditions, such as isolation, small areas, or simplified communities that promote repeated patterns of evolution like changes in body size, that have been widely studied. By contrast, apart from the evolution of flightlessness in birds, changes in body shape remain relatively less explored. Here, we explore the effect of insularity on the evolution of locomotion-related traits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Birds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used 796 pairs of endemic island birds and their closest mainland relatives (1170 species total) to explore the effect of insularity on the evolution of locomotion-related traits, specifically wing shape and length, and tarsus length. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of the number of raptors and intra-family competitors (as the co-occurring species belonging to the same family) on these patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that endemic island birds evolved features adapted to a more terrestrial mode of locomotion, characterised by rounder wings and longer tarsi compared to their mainland counterparts, while we did not observe a reduction in wing length. A lower number of raptors and intra-family competitors on islands was associated with shorter tarsi, especially in passerines. Wing shape was also affected by the loss of migratory behaviour after island colonisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results show a general pattern of morphological evolution in island birds that favours a more terrestrial lifestyle, likely accentuated by the absence of predators and reduced competition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145407506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warm or Dry Springs (Still) Boost the Reproduction of Most Temperate Songbirds","authors":"Amaury Thepault,&nbsp;Tohi Adenot,&nbsp;Romain Lorrilliere,&nbsp;Paul Cuchot,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Henry","doi":"10.1111/geb.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70138","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Nonlinearities are ubiquitous features of ecosystem dynamics in climate change ecology. The changing climate is expected to reveal hump-shaped patterns in ecosystem responses, delineating weather optima and constraints. In temperate mid-latitudes, both cold and warm spring constraints are reported to limit songbird breeding productivity. However, with many studies focusing on specifically declining functional groups, such as long-distance migrants, our understanding of the overall influence of increasingly warmer and drier conditions on songbird productivity remains limited. Here, we modelled changes in songbird productivity in relation to temperature and water balance anomalies during the breeding season, aiming to identify key weather constraints—whether life-history dependent or shared across species—in a warming temperate world.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;France.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;1991–2022.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Songbirds (&lt;i&gt;Passeri&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Using standardised capture data of 300,031 birds across 68 species, we quantified changes in songbird productivity along gradients of spring weather anomalies and extremes using generalised linear mixed models. We then conducted interspecific analyses to explore how life-history traits (e.g., migratory strategy, thermal and hydric affinities) modulate species' sensitivity to weather.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Songbird productivity increased along gradients from cold to warm and from wet to dry anomalies. Nonetheless, warm-related constraints also emerged: in early spring, particularly at already warm sites and most strongly for long-distance migrants; and in late spring, especially for cold-adapted species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Warmer or drier springs continue to enhance songbird productivity in temperate France, reaffirming the detrimental influence of cold and wet snaps. Beyond the well-known benefits of earlier breeding phenologies, these effects are likely driven by the impacts of such weather conditions on ecosystem productivity and resource availability. Non-linear patterns and early si","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145367015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geologic History Explains Freshwater Fish Species Richness Across the Conterminous USA","authors":"Brian K. Gallagher,&nbsp;Elizabeth C. Santos,&nbsp;Michael Dumelle,&nbsp;Philip R. Kaufmann,&nbsp;Joseph L. Ebersole","doi":"10.1111/geb.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70139","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Freshwater fishes comprise over 20% of vertebrate biodiversity despite occupying &lt; 1% of the Earth's surface. However, species richness differs substantially among river basins. Fundamentally, richness patterns can be explained by spatial variation in diversification rates, evolutionary time and habitat capacities, which are in turn shaped by landscape change over geologic timescales. To test how geologic disturbances have influenced the accumulation of freshwater fish biodiversity, we hypothesized species richness would be (1) ordered by regional geologic history, (2) associated with high or intermediate river capture rates, (3) higher in assemblages with older evolutionary origins and (4) positively associated with stream size.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;2008–2019.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Conterminous United States (USA).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Freshwater fishes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We analysed native species richness from a spatially representative survey of 5321 fish assemblages at 3609 sites. Geologic history was determined from surrogates of tectonic activity, glaciation, sea levels and river capture over the last 66 million years, which were paired with previously published evolutionary time estimates. Hypotheses were tested with spatial linear models.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;All hypotheses were at least partially supported. (1) Rank-order richness matched hypothesized effects of geologic disturbances on evolutionary time and diversification rates. (2) Richness peaked in lowlands with high putative river capture rates. (3) Richness increased with evolutionary time at broad scales, but this relationship was weak and influenced by non-teleost taxa. (4) Richness largely increased with stream size. Overall, the tectonically active western USA exhibited lower richness, weaker effects of stream size and a greater share of young lineages compared to the more geologically stable eastern USA, especially unglaciated lowlands within the Mississippi Basin.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We demonstrate that deep-time processes leave a persistent mark on fish species richness. Thus, accounting for geologic history can improve assessments of freshwater biodiversity and biological condition in the USA and beyond.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145366851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}