Jurnal e-Biomedik最新文献

{"title":"Profil Resistensi Antimikroba dari Flora Normal dalam Kavum Nasi Petugas Kamar Operasi Bedah Jantung dan Petugas Pasca Operasi Intensive Coronary Care Unit RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan","authors":"F. A. Irma, Ricke Loesnihari, N. Akbar","doi":"10.35790/EBM.7.1.2019.23535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/EBM.7.1.2019.23535","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Nosocomial infection often occurs in hospitalized patients due to microbial contamination. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of microbes in nasal cavities of hospital personnel by identification the microbial pattern, therefore, the microbial resistance to several antimicrobial groups could be determined. This was an observational analytical study with a cross sectional design. Subjects were hospital personnel at the Cardiac Surgery room and at the Intensive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU) room of H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. Specimens of nasal cavity swabs were taken from all subjects, and then were cultured and tested for antimicrobial sensitivity. From 37 subjects, the most common bacteria found were S. epidermidis (40%), S. saprophyticus (21%), and S. aureus (12%). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that sufamethoxsazole had the highest resistance while erythomycin still had good sensitivity. At the ICCU room, amikacin showed better sensitivity than doxycyclin. Amoxiclav had the highest sensitivity, meanwhile from the floroquinolone class, norfloxacin had better sensitivity than ciprofloxacin. The microbes were still sensitive to cephalosporin class but were resistant to vancomycin. Conclusion: S. epidermidis, S. saprothyticus, and S. aureus were the most commonly found microbes in the nasal cavities of hospital personnel. The nasal cavity microbes were still sensitive to erythromycin, amikacin, amoxiclav, norfloxacin, and cephalosporin group.Keywords: nosocomial infection, nasal cavity, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial sensitivity Abstrak: Infeksi nosokomial sering terjadi pada saat pasien dirawat di rumah sakit akibat adanya kontaminasi mikroba yang berada di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pola mikroba kavum nasi dari petugas rumah sakit melalui identifikasi mikroba sehingga dapat ditentukan pola resistensi mikroba terhadap berbagai macam golongan antimikroba. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Subyek penelitian ialah petugas di kamar operasi bedah jantung dan ruang pasca operasi ICCU di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Pengambilan spesimen swab kavum nasi dilakukan pada semua subyek, dilanjutkan dengan pembiakan serta uji resistensi antimikroba. Dari 37 subyek didapatkan bakteri terbanyak yaitu S. epidermidis (40%), diikuti oleh S. saprothyticus (21%), dan S. aureus (12%). Uji sensitivitas terhadap antimikroba lini pertama mendapatkan sulfametoksasol merupakan antimikroba yang paling tinggi resistensinya sedangkan eritromisin merupakan antimikroba yang masih baik sensitivitasnya. Untuk ruang ICCU, sensitivitas terhadap amikasin masih lebih baik dibandingkan doksisiklin. Amoksiklav merupakan antimikroba yang sensitivitasnya sangat baik, sedangkan dari golongan florokuinolon, norfloksasin memiliki sensitivitas yang lebih baik dibanding siprofloksasin. Golongan sefalosporin masih memiliki sensitifitas yang baik, sedangkan vankomisin sudah resist","PeriodicalId":17693,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal e-Biomedik","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86629561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gambaran Kadar Glukosa Urin pada Primigravida dengan Orang Tua Penyandang Diabetes Melitus di Kota Manado","authors":"Monica Welliangan, Mayer F. Wowor, A. E. Mongan","doi":"10.35790/EBM.7.1.2019.22621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/EBM.7.1.2019.22621","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Glycosuria is a condition characterized by an excess of sugar in the urine. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the causes of glycosuria. Mortality risks of pregnant women and their babies increase in diabetes during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is DM diagnosed in 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregmancy in women without DM before pregnancy. The probability of GDM among women with family history of DM is 3.46 times higher than those without family history. This study was aimed to evaluate the urine glucose level among primigravids who had diabetic parents in Manado. This was a descriptive observational study with a cross sectional design. Urine samples were obtained by using non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling adjusted to the criteria and time. The results showed that glycosuria (urin sugar level ≥50mg/dL) was found in three subjects (10%), most in age group of 20-35 years old and in 1st trimester. Conclusion: Some of the primigravids in this study had glycosuria.Keywords: DM, glycosuria, DM family history Abstrak: Glukosuria adalah kondisi dimana glukosa ditemukan dalam urin. Salah satu penyebab glukosuria ialah diabetes melitus (DM). Risiko kematian ibu dan bayi meningkat pada DM dalam kehamilan. Diabetes melitus gestasional (DMG) adalah DM yang terdiagnosis pada trimester dua atau tiga kehamilan yang bukan DM sebelum kehamilan. Peluang DMG pada wanita dengan riwayat DM dalam keluarga sebesar 3,46 lebih besar daripada wanita tanpa riwayat keluaarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar glukosa urin pada primigravida dengan orang tua penyandang DM di Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini menggunakan non-probability sampling jenis consecutive sampling untuk mendapatkan urin dari semua subyek penelitian sesuai dengan kriteria dan waktu yang ditentukan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan glukosuria (kadar glukosa urin ≥50mg/dL) pada 3 subyek (10%) dengan karakteristik cenderung pada kelompok usia 20-35 tahun dan pada trimester satu. Simpulan: Sebagian primigravida dengan orang tua penyandang DM memiliki glukosuria.Kata kunci: DM, glukosuria, riwayat DM pada orang tua","PeriodicalId":17693,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal e-Biomedik","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88092969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hubungan Lingkar Perut dan Lingkar Pinggul dengan Tekanan Darah pada Pegawai Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado","authors":"Maria M. Erro","doi":"10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.22218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.22218","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Increased abdominal circumference and hip circumference will potentially increase blood pressure. Blood pressure can be used as an indicator to assess the cardiovascular system. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between waist circumference as well as hip circumference and blood pressure among employees at Faculty of medicine Sam Ratulangi University Manado. This was an analytical study with a cross sectional design. Samples were obtained by using the accidental sampling method. Measurements of abdominal circumference, hip circumference and direct blood pressure were performed on all subjects. Data were analysed univariately and bivariately using the Pearson test. The results showed that there were 30 employees as subjects consisted of 17 males and 13 females. The mean of abdominal circumference and hip circumference in males and females were 80.03 ± 11.14 cm and 83.76 ± 12.61 cm consecutively. There were 33.3% of the employees that had high blood pressure (hypertension). In male employees, there was a moderate significant correlation between hip circumference and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.48; P=0.004) meanwhile in female employees there was a moderate significant correlation between waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (r=0.489; P=0.006). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between hip circumference and diastolic blood pressure among male employees as well as between waist circumference and systolic blood pressure among female employees.Keywords: waist hip circumference ratio, blood pressureAbstrak: Peningkatan lingkar perut dan lingkar pinggul berpotensi meningkatkan tekanan darah. Tekanan darah dapat dipakai sebagai indikator untuk menilai sistem kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkar perut dan lingkar pinggul dengan tekanan darah pada pegawai Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional. Sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode accidental sampling dari pengukuran lingkar perut, lingkar pinggul, dan tekanan darah langsung. Analisis data menggunakan univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Pearson. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sebanyak 30 orang pegawai sebagai subyek penelitian, terdiri dari 17 laki-laki dan 13 perempuan. Rerata lingkar perut dan lingkar pinggul pada laki-laki dan perempuan ialah 80,03±11,14 cm dan 83,76±12,61 cm. Sebesar 33,3% pegawai memiliki tekanan darah tinggi (hipertensi). Pada subyek laki-laki terdapat korelasi sedang dan bermakna antara lingkar pinggul dan tekanan darah diastolik (r=0,48; P=0,004) sedangkan pada subyek perempuan terdapat korelasi sedang dan bermakna antara lingkar perut dengan tekanan darah sistolik (r=0,489; P=0,006). Simpulan: Pada laki-laki terdapat hubungan bermakna antara lingkar pinggul dan tekanan darah diastolik sedangkan pada perempuan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara lingkar perut dengan tekanan darah sistolik.Kata kunci: RLPP, tekanan darah","PeriodicalId":17693,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal e-Biomedik","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90509096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uji Efek Antibakteri Chromodoris dianae terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Eflentina Kipimbob, R. Bara, P. M. Wowor, J. Posangi","doi":"10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.23534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.23534","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Chromodoris dianae on E.coli and S. aureus. This was an experimental study. Samples of Chromodoris dianae was taken from Bunaken waters by diving. Extract of Chromodoris dianae was obtained by using maceration technique with 96% etanol. Antibacterial activity of this extract was tested by using the Kirby-Bauer method. The results showed that the mean diameter of the inhibition zone of E. coli was 22.3±1.5 mm and of S. aureus was 23.0±1.0 mm; both were were less than of ciprofloxacin as the positive control repeated for three times. Conclusionn: Chromodoris dianae has antibacterial effects on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Keywords: Chromodoris dianae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat adanya efek antibakteri dari Chromodoris dianae terhadap bakteri E.coli dan S. aureus. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental. Sampel Chromodoris dianae diambil dari perairan Bunaken dengan cara menyelam. Ekstrak Chromodoris dianae dibuat dengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya zona hambat terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus dengan rerata diameter 22,3±1,5 mm dan 23,0±1,0 mm, yang lebih kecil daripada rerata diameter kontrol positif siprofloksasin pada tiga kali pengulangan. Simpulan: Chromodoris dianae memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.Kata kunci: Chromodoris dianae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli","PeriodicalId":17693,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal e-Biomedik","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89653335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifikasi Bakteri dengan Pewarnaan Gram pada Penderita Infeksi Mata Luar di Rumah Sakit Mata Kota Manado","authors":"Trijeri Bulele, Fredine E. S. Rares, J. Porotu’o","doi":"10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.22820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.22820","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Bacteria are the main cause of external ocular infection worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the treatment according to the cause of the infection in order to prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study was aimed to identify the bacteria by using the Gram staining method in patients with external ocular infections. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design using bacterial culture of purulent secretion obtained from conjunctival and palpebral swabs in patients with external ocular infections at Manado Eye Hospital Manado. Based on the types of external ocular infections, conjunctivitis was the leading cause (50%), followed by keratitis (30%), blepharitis (13.3%), and keratoconjunctivitis (6.7%). Females were more frequeny than males (63.3% vs 36.7%). The youngest age in this study was 9 years and the oldest was 81 years, meanwhile, the most common age group was adults >40 years. The most common type of occupation was housewives. The results of bacterial culture were as follows: 19 samples showed no growth; 6 samples (54.5%) of Gram-positive bacteria in the form of staphylococcus, coccus, diplococcus; 3 samples (27.3%) of Gram-negative bacteria in the form of bacillus; and 2 samples (18.2%) of mixed Gram positive and negative bacteria in the form of bacillus and coccus. Conclusion: Gram-positive bacterium in the form of coccus is the most common cause of external ocular infection.Keywords: external ocular infection, bacteria, Gram staining Abstrak: Bakteri ialah penyebab utama infeksi mata luar di seluruh dunia. Pengobatan yang sesuai dengan penyebab infeksi dapat mencegah munculnya bakteri yang resistan terhadap antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri dengan menggunakan metode pewarnaan Gram pada penderita infeksi mata luar. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan kultur bakteri hasil swab sekret purulen dari konjungtiva dan palpebra pada penderita infeksi mata luar di Rumah Sakit Mata Kota Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa jenis infeksi mata luar terbanyak ialah konjungtivitis (50%), diikuti oleh keratitis (30%), blefaritis (13,3%), dan keratokonjungtivitis (6,7%). Perempuan lebih banyak (63,3%) menderita infeksi mata luar dibandingkan laki-laki (36,7%). Usia termuda ialah 9 tahun dan tertua 81 tahun. Kelompok usia terbanyak ialah dewasa >40 tahun. Jenis pekerjaan ibu rumah tangga yang terbanyak dibandingkan dengan pekerjaan lainnya. Hasil proses kultur mendapatkan 19 sampel tidak menunjukan adanya pertumbuhan, 6 sampel (54,5%) bakteri Gram positif dengan bentuk staphylococcus, coccus, diplococcus, 3 sampel (27,3%) bakteri Gram negatif dengan bentuk bacillus, dan 2 sampel (18.2%) campuran bakteri Gram positif dan negatif dengan bentuk bacillus dan coccus. Simpulan: Bakteri Gram positif berbentuk coccus yang paling sering menjadi penyebab infeksi mata luar.Kata kunci: infeksi mata luar, bakteri, pewarnaan Gram","PeriodicalId":17693,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal e-Biomedik","volume":"344 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84911054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perhitungan Biaya Satuan (Unit Cost) Berdasarkan Clinical Pathway Bronkopneumonia Anak di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode Juli 2017- Juni 2018","authors":"Giza E. E. Arikalang, Edward Nangoy, Christi D. Mambo","doi":"10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.22219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.22219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Calculation of unit cost could give some information to healthcare policy. Broncho-pneumonia is a lung inflammation disease that occurs in around 30% of babies with high mortality risk. This study was aimed to determine the general depiction of unit cost calculation for bronchopneumonia among pediatric patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital according to clinical pathway. This was an observational retrospective study. Samples were obtained by using random sampling as many as 42 samples that fulfilled inclusion criteria. Processed data included patients’ demography, treatment, and the average of direct cost calculation. The results showed that the implemented therapy consisted of antibiotic, non-antibiotic, fluid therapy, ancillary laboratory examination, radiology, and ancillary diagnostics. Total cost for drugs was Rp. 8,822,455; laboratory Rp. 28,568,725; radiology Rp. 9,912,400; and ancillary diagnostic examination Rp. 7,110,000. Compared to the cost covered by BPJS, the hospital had some excess as follows: drug unit Rp. 958,549, radiology Rp. 1,771,517, and ancillary diagnostic examination Rp. 581,852. For ancillary laboratory examination in the hospital, there was a difference as much as Rp. 1,341,276 less than the the BPJS coverage. Conclusion: There was an excess difference within drug unit, radiology, and ancillary examinations for pediatric bronchopneumonia, while laboratorium unit possess lesser cost than BPJS.Keywords: bronchopneumnonia, cost unitAbstrak: Perhitungan biaya satuan merupakan salah satu informasi masukan dalam pembuatan kebijakan pelayanan. Bronkopneumonia ialah penyakit radang paru yang terjadi pada sekitar 30% anak balita dengan risiko kematian yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran perhitungan biaya satuan pada pasien bronkopneumonia anak di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou berdasarkan clinical pathway. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional retrospektif. Sampel penelitian dikumpulkan dengan metode random sampling berjumlah 42 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data meliputi data demografi pasien, gambaran pengobatan, dan penghitungan rata-rata biaya langsung. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa terapi yang digunakan ialah antibiotik, non antibiotik, terapi cairan, serta penunjang laboratorium, radiologi, dan penunjang diagnostik. Total biaya untuk obat Rp. 8.822.455, laboratorium Rp. 28.568.725, radiologi Rp. 9.912.400, dan penunjang diagnostik Rp. 7.110.000. Bila dibandingkan dengan biaya tanggungan BPJS, rumah sakit memiliki selisih lebih pada unit obat sebanyak Rp. 958.549, radiologi Rp. 1.771.517, dan penunjang diagnostik Rp. 581.852. Untuk penunjang laboratorium, terdapat selisih kurang sebesar Rp. 1.341.276. Simpulan: Pada pengobatan bronkopneumonia anak terdapat perbedaan selisih lebih pada unit obat, radiologi, dan penunjang diagnostik, serta terdapat selisih kurang pada unit laboratoriumKata kunci: bronkopneumonia, perhitungan biaya satuan","PeriodicalId":17693,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal e-Biomedik","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76395863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gambaran Keton Urin pada Primigravida Trimester 1 dengan Hiperemesis Gravidarum di RS Islam Sitti Maryam Manado","authors":"Nunung Karmila, A. E. Mongan, Glady I. Rambert","doi":"10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.22622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.22622","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Hyperemesis gravidarum could cause weight loss of more than 5%, dehydration, and electrolyte loss. In this condition the body will metabolize fat, therefore, there is an increase in ketone level in the blood (ketosis) which can deplete the body's base reserve and cause acidosis as well as ketones in the urine (ketonuria). In some cases it can cause fetal death or even the mother. This study was aimed to obtain the description of urinary ketone in primigravids in first trimester with hyperemesis gravidarum in Manado. This was an observational descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Urine samples were taken by using non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling. The results showed 10 primigravids in first trimester with hyperemesis treated at Sitti Maryam Islamic Hospital Manado during November-December 2018. Based on the laboratory tests performed on all subjects, there were 3 primigravids (30%) who had ketonuria. Conclusion: Some primigravids in first trimester with hyperemesis gravidarum had ketonuria.Keywords: primigravids, first trimester, hyperemesis, ketonuria Abstrak: Pada hiperemesis gravidarum dapat terjadi penurunan berat badan hingga lebih dari 5%, dehidrasi, dan kehilangan elektrolit. Pada keadaan ini tubuh akan memetabolisme lemak sehingga terjadi peningkatan kadar keton dalam darah (ketosis) yang dapat menghabiskan cadangan basa tubuh dan menyebabkan asidosis serta terdapatnya keton dalam urin (ketonuria). Pada beberapa kasus dapat terjadi kematian janin maupun ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran keton urin pada primigravida trimester I dengan hiperemesis gravidarum di Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel urin diambil dengan cara non-probability sampling jenis consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan subyek penelitian yang terdiri dari 10 primigravida trimester 1 dengan hiperemesis yang dirawat di RS Islam Sitti Maryam Manado selama bulan November-Desember 2018. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium dari 10 subyek (100%) terdapat 3 primigravida (30%) yang mengalami keton-uria. Simpulan: Sebagian primigravida trimester I dengan hiperemesis gravidarum mengalami ketonuria.Kata kunci: primigravida, trimester 1, hiperemesis, ketonuria","PeriodicalId":17693,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal e-Biomedik","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77516153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pola Bakteri Aerob yang Berpotensi Menyebabkan Infeksi Nosokomial di Ruang Instalasi Bedah Sentral (IBS) RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado","authors":"Tanya P. M. Putri, O. Waworuntu, Fredine E. S. Rares","doi":"10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.22450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.22450","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Nosocomial infections can be interpreted as infections that originate or could occur in hospitals and arise within 48 hours after being hospitalized up to 30 days patients off care. In Indonesia, namely in 10 Public Education Hospitals, the nosocomial infections percentage is 6-16% with an average of 9.8% in 2010. This study was aimed to identifity the source and the bacteria pattern that caused nosocomial infections in the Intallation of Central Surgery Room (IBS) of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was a descriptive study with a prospective approach. Samples were bacteria on the wall, floor, air, furniture, and medical equipment in the IBS room of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. The results showed that of 4 wall samples, the most common bacteria were Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella pneumonia, each in 2 samples (50%), Of the 5 floor samples, the most common bacteria were Staphylococcus sp. in 2 samples (40%). Of the 15 air samples, the most common bacteria was Bacillus sp. in 7 samples (46.7%). Of the 3 samples of medical equipment, the most common bacteria were Proteus vulgaris in 1 sample (33.3%), Bacillus sp. in 1 sample (33.3%), and Diplococcus in 1 sample (33.%). Conclusion: Bacillus sp. is the most common bacteria found in IBS room of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado.Keywords: pattern of aerobic bacteria, nosocomial infections, central surgery room Abstrak: Infeksi nosokomial adalah infeksi yang berasal atau terjadi di rumah sakit yang timbul dalam kurun waktu 48 jam setelah dirawat di rumah sakit sampai dengan 30 hari lepas rawat. Di 10 RSU pendidikan di Indonesia didapatkan kejadian infeksi nosokomial cukup tinggi yaitu 6-16% dengan rerata 9,8% pada tahun 2010. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sumber dan pola bakteri penyebab infeksi nosokomial yang terdapat diruang Instalasi Bedah Sentral (IBS) RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan pendekatan prospektif. Sampel penelitian ialah bakteri pada dinding, lantai, udara, perabotan, dan peralatan medis di ruang IBS RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dari 4 sampel dinding, bakteri terbanyak yaitu Bacillus sp. dan Klebsiella pneumonia, masing-masing 2 sampel (50%); dari 5 sampel lantai, bakteri terbanyak yaitu Staphylococcus sp. pada 2 sampel (40%); dari 15 sampel udara, bakteri terbanyak yaitu Bacillus sp. pada 7 sampel (46,7%). Dari 3 sampel peralatan medis didapatkan bakteri terbanyak yaitu Proteus vulgaris pada 1 sampel (33,3%), Bacillus subtilis pada 1 sampel (33,3%), dan Diplococcus pada 1 sampel (33,3%). Simpulan: Bacillus sp. merupakan bakteri yang terbanyak ditemukan.Kata kunci: pola bakteri aerob, infeksi nosokomial, ruang instalasi bedah sentral (IBS)","PeriodicalId":17693,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal e-Biomedik","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82025163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perkembangan Terapi Kanker Terkait Senyawa Terpineol, P53 dan Caspase 3","authors":"Maya E. W. Moningka","doi":"10.35790/EBM.7.1.2019.23190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/EBM.7.1.2019.23190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Recent anticancer drug development aims to molecular aspect with more specific target without harming healthy cells. Natural resources have been providing promising new anticancer drugs. Terpineol, an essential oil, is one of the anti-breast cancer candidates. Terpineol can be made from turpentine, which is non-wood product of pine tree latex. Alpha-terpineol isolated from terpineol has an anticancer potency and has been proven to inhibit the growth and induce cancer cell death in vitro by inhibiting NF-κB. P53 is a tumor suppressor gene which triggers apoptosis when irreparable DNA damage occurs. Activity of p53 can be altered and/or inhibited by mutation and inactivation of other oncogenes. The main mechanism underlying apoptosis is caspase (cysteine aspartic acid protease) activity. One of the caspases responsible for apoptosis is caspase 3. This caspase 3 can be activated by either intrinsic (mitochondrial signaling) or extrinsic (death ligand) mechanism; the latter involves caspase 8 and 9. Activated caspase 3 will execute the apoptosis inside the cells. Cytotoxic activity of α-terpineol and its involvement in apoptosis, p53 expression, and caspase 3 activities in cancer cell cultures are still being investigated to determine their anticancer activities and the possibility of anticancer drug development.Keywords: cancer therapy, terpineol, p53, caspase-3 Abstrak: Pengembangan obat antikanker saat ini lebih ditujukan pada aspek molekuler dengan adanya target terapi yang lebih spesifik sehingga lebih aman untuk sel-sel tubuh yang normal. Dewasa ini, eksplorasi terhadap bahan alam untuk kandidat obat antikanker semakin dilirik. Minyak esensial terpineol merupakan salah satu bahan pada komposisi obat antikanker payudara. Terpineol dapat dibuat dari terpentin yang merupakan hasil hutan non kayu dari pohon pinus, dengan cara mengambil getahnya. Dari terpineol diisolasi senyawa α-terpineol yang berpotensi sebagai antikanker serta telah terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan menginduksi kematian sel tumor melalui mekanisme yang melibatkan inhibisi aktivitas NFкB. Gen p53 merupakan gen tumor supresor yang memicu terjadinya suatu kematian sel atau apoptosis bila terdapat kerusakan DNA dalam upayanya untuk mengatur proliferasi sel. Selain karena adanya mutasi gen p53, inaktivasi dapat terjadi oleh overekspresi onkogen yang nantinya berikatan dengan p53 dan menghambat kerja gen tersebut. Mekanisme utama yang juga mendasari terjadinya apoptosis ialah aktivitas cysteine aspartic acid protease (caspase). Salah satu caspase yang berperan dalam menginduksi apoptosis ialah caspase 3. Caspase ini dapat diaktifkan melalui mekanisme intrinsik (jalur mitokondrial) maupun ekstrinsik (death ligand), dengan bantuan caspase 8 dan caspase 9. Bila caspase 3 teraktifkan maka sebagai caspase eksekutor, akan melakukan tugasnya untuk mengapoptosis sel. Kajian aktivitas sitotoksik senyawa α-terpineol terhadap suatu cell line, pengaruh senyawa tersebut terhadap ","PeriodicalId":17693,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal e-Biomedik","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89733259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Merokok terhadap Kadar Trombosit Mahasiswa Universitas Sam Ratulangi","authors":"Expecially K. Assa, J. N. Engka, S. Marunduh","doi":"10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.23533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.7.1.2019.23533","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Smoking causes various diseases as well as disabilities and endangers almost every organ of the human body. The effect of smoking on the body is inter alia systemic inflammatory response, namely through stimulation of the hematopoietic system (mainly occurs in the bone marrow), resulting in increased production of erythrocytes and leukocytes and decreased MCV and platelets. Smoking affects platelets that causes an increase in the occurence of atherosclerosis and its risk factors due to the increase in the mean platelet volume (MPV). This study was aimed to determine the effect of smoking on platelet levels among students of Sam Ratulangi University. This was a retrospective study. Data were analyzed by using the Pearson product moment test. Subjects were 51 male students of the Faculty of Engineering, Sam Ratulangi University. The results showed that 48 subjects (94.1%) had normal platelet levels and only three students (5.9%) had high platelet levels; no subjects had low platelet level. The Pearson product moment test obtained P values of 0.985 and 0.104 for the effect of smoking (duration of smoking and number of cigarettes per day) on the platelet levels of the students. Conclusion: There was no significant effect of smoking on platelet levels.Keywords: smoking, platelet level Abstrak: Merokok menyebabkan penyakit dan kecacatan serta membahayakan hampir setiap organ tubuh manusia. Efek merokok pada tubuh berupa terjadinya respon inflamasi sistemik yaitu melalui stimulasi sistem hematopoietik yang terutama terjadi dalam sumsum tulang, berupa peningkatan produksi eritrosit dan leukosit serta penurunan MCV dan trombosit. Pengaruh rokok terhadap trombosit ialah terjadinya peningkatan aterosklerosis serta faktor risiko terjadinya penyakit ateroklerosis yang diakibatkan oleh peningkatan mean platelet volume (MPV). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh merokok terhadap kadar trombosit mahasiswa Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Jenis penelitian ialah retrospektif. Uji statistik menggunakan Pearson Product Moment. Terdapat 51 mahasiswa laki-laki dari Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sam Ratulangi sebagai subyek penelitian. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan subyek terbanyak memiliki kadar trombosit normal yaitu 48 mahasiswa (94,1%) dan hanya tiga mahasiswa (5,9%) dengan kadar trombosit tinggi; tidak terdapat subyek dengan kadar trombosit rendah. Hasil uji Pearson Product Moment pengaruh merokok (lama merokok dan jumlah rokok harian) terhadap kadar trombosit mahasiswa mendapatkan nilai P=0,985 dan P=0,104. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat pengaruh bermakna dari merokok terhadap kadar trombosit.Kata kunci: merokok, kadar trombosit","PeriodicalId":17693,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal e-Biomedik","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84772141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}