Journal of Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance of Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica isolates from chickens","authors":"O. Kursa, G. Tomczyk, Agata Sieczkowska, Anna Sawicka-Durkalec","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Gallibacterium anatis is an opportunistic bacteria inducing a range of clinical signs in poultry. Gallibacterium anatis strains show multidrug resistance to antibacterial substances. The purpose of this study was to examine the susceptibility of G. anatis biovar haemolytica isolates collected from the respiratory, reproduction and gastrointestinal tracts of chickens to different antibiotics from various classes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica was identified in tracheal swab and gastrointestinal and reproductive tract tissue samples from Polish layer and broiler chicken flocks. Twenty six isolates with β-haemolysis capability, each from a different flock, obtained from the respiratory (n = 8), reproductive (n = 10) and gastrointestinal (n = 8) tracts were selected and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation–time-of-flight mass spectrometry after culturing. A PCR method targeting the 16S genes was used for verification of isolates. The isolates’ susceptibility to 20 antimicrobials was evaluated using the disc diffusion method for 8 drugs and the dilution method for the other 12. In addition, they were tested for the presence of the GtxA, gyrB and flfA virulence genes and blaROB, aphA, tetB and tetH antibiotic resistance genes by PCR.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The most prevalent antibiotic resistance was to tilmicosin, tylosin and quinupristin/dalfopristin (all 100%), erythromycin (96.2%), tetracycline (96.2%), linezolid (92.3%) and teicoplanin (92.3%). Universal susceptibility was to only one antibiotic, chloramphenicol. Statistically significant differences were found between the resistance of gastrointestinal tract strains and that of strains from other tracts to daptomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and colistin. The GtxA and gyrB genes were detected in 100% of isolates and flfA in 19.2%. The isolates most frequently contained tetB and less frequently tetH and aphA, and did not contain blaROB.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Most G. anatis biovar haemolytica isolates were resistant to many classes of antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary and important to be vigilant for the occurrence of these bacteria and thorough in their diagnosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139790475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance of Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica isolates from chickens","authors":"O. Kursa, G. Tomczyk, Agata Sieczkowska, Anna Sawicka-Durkalec","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Gallibacterium anatis is an opportunistic bacteria inducing a range of clinical signs in poultry. Gallibacterium anatis strains show multidrug resistance to antibacterial substances. The purpose of this study was to examine the susceptibility of G. anatis biovar haemolytica isolates collected from the respiratory, reproduction and gastrointestinal tracts of chickens to different antibiotics from various classes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica was identified in tracheal swab and gastrointestinal and reproductive tract tissue samples from Polish layer and broiler chicken flocks. Twenty six isolates with β-haemolysis capability, each from a different flock, obtained from the respiratory (n = 8), reproductive (n = 10) and gastrointestinal (n = 8) tracts were selected and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation–time-of-flight mass spectrometry after culturing. A PCR method targeting the 16S genes was used for verification of isolates. The isolates’ susceptibility to 20 antimicrobials was evaluated using the disc diffusion method for 8 drugs and the dilution method for the other 12. In addition, they were tested for the presence of the GtxA, gyrB and flfA virulence genes and blaROB, aphA, tetB and tetH antibiotic resistance genes by PCR.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The most prevalent antibiotic resistance was to tilmicosin, tylosin and quinupristin/dalfopristin (all 100%), erythromycin (96.2%), tetracycline (96.2%), linezolid (92.3%) and teicoplanin (92.3%). Universal susceptibility was to only one antibiotic, chloramphenicol. Statistically significant differences were found between the resistance of gastrointestinal tract strains and that of strains from other tracts to daptomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and colistin. The GtxA and gyrB genes were detected in 100% of isolates and flfA in 19.2%. The isolates most frequently contained tetB and less frequently tetH and aphA, and did not contain blaROB.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Most G. anatis biovar haemolytica isolates were resistant to many classes of antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary and important to be vigilant for the occurrence of these bacteria and thorough in their diagnosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first complete genome sequence and genetic evolution analysis of bovine norovirus in Xinjiang, China","authors":"Zhigang Ma, Qian Jiang, Chenxi Quan, Lu Liu, Zhonghua Zhang, Jinxing Xie, Lu Zhao, Qi Zhong, Gang Yao, Xuelian Ma","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Viruses are among the main pathogens causing diarrhoea in calves. The current study found that bovine norovirus (BNoV) is one of the principal viruses causing diarrhoea in calves in Xinjiang, China.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 974 calf faecal samples from six regions in Xinjiang were tested for BNoV using reverse-transcriptase PCR. The genomic characteristics of BNoV and the genetic evolution of the VP1 gene, protein three-dimensional structure characteristics and amino acid variation were analysed using bioinformatics methods.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Epidemiological survey results showed that the infection rate of BNoV was 19.82%, and all samples tested positive in five regions. The results of the genetic evolution analysis showed that BNoV strains from Tacheng of northern Xinjiang and Kashgar of southern Xinjiang both belonged to the GIII.2 genotype of BNoV but were not on the same cluster of evolutionary branches. Additionally, the amino acid variation of the VP1 protein was not observed to significantly affect its spatial structure.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study is the first to report the genetic characteristics of the BNoV complete genome sequence in Xinjiang and provides a scientific basis for BNoV vaccine development and pathogenesis research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140461422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological analysis of skin lesions of cod (Gadus morhua) from the southern part of the Baltic Sea","authors":"A. Pękala-Safińska, K. Nadolna-Ałtyn, Mirosław Różycki, E. Paździor, T. Cencek, Magdalena Podolska","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Since the middle of the 1980s, severe skin disorders have been observed in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) each year. Available data on the spectrum of bacteria isolated from the clinical cases being limited, and evaluation of the microbial background of fish skin lesions being useful, a bacteriological examination has been undertaken.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 1,381 cod were caught during two voyages of the Baltica research vessel in the Polish exclusive economic zone of the southern Baltic Sea. After an examination which found lesions in 164 of the fish, a microbiological analysis was performed to isolate bacteria from them. The collected strains were phenotyped and genotyped, and their antimicrobial resistance was analysed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) techniques.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Bacteriological examinations provided 850 isolates. The dominant microorganisms were mesophilic Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Shewanella baltica. Opportunistic bacteria potentially hazardous to human health were also isolated, e.g. Alcaligenes faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Vibrio sp. The MIC analysis determined the highest number of bacteria to resist sulphamethoxazole and amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Most of the collected bacteria were opportunistic pathogens for fish, widespread in the aquatic environment, and potentially threatening to humans.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a method for the determination of sedatives in bovine and porcine urine and kidneys by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"T. Śniegocki, Elżbieta Samorek, B. Sell, Weronika Krajewska","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Sedatives have been used for a long time as animal tranquillisers to prevent stress and weight loss during their transportation. The proper determination of these substances in food of animal origin is essential for consumer safety.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A 1 g portion of pig or cow urine or homogenised kidney was mixed with acetonitrile, sodium chloride was added, and the solution was further mixed and then centrifuged. The supernatant was transferred to a new centrifuge tube with primary and secondary amine, octadecylsilane and ZrO2, and mixed rapidly. The filtered solution was evaporated under a nitrogen stream. The residue was dissolved in 200 μL of acetonitrile, centrifuged with filters and then transferred to vials. Samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The decision limit for confirmation was calculated at 2.5 μg kg−1 for all sedatives with relative standard deviation repeatability and reproducibility below 20%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The validation results showed that this method meets the pertinent EU criteria for such methods and is suitable for sedative analysis in urine and kidney matrices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139524857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokine inflammatory response in dairy cows with mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae","authors":"M. Bochniarz, Agata Hahaj-Siembida, M. Krajewska-Wędzina, Marcelina Osińska, Anna Tracz, A. Trościańczyk, P. Brodzki, L. Krakowski, U. Kosior-Korzecka, A. Nowakiewicz","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was evaluation of the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-12β and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the serum and milk of cows with mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 60 milk samples from diseased cows and 30 milk samples from healthy cows were included in the study. Blood and milk samples were taken from Holstein-Friesian cows from three herds (two in tie-stall and one in a free-stall housing system) in Lublin Province in Poland. The concentrations of cytokines in blood serum and quarter milk samples were determined by ELISA.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-12β and TNF-α were significantly higher in the milk of cows suffering from mastitis caused by S. agalactiae compared to the milk of healthy cows (263.03 vs 55.36 pg/mL, 298.34 vs 131.82 pg/mL, 604.10 vs 139.17 pg/mL and 460.86 vs 78.82 pg/mL, respectively). In the group of sick cows, cytokine levels were significantly higher in milk than in serum (263.03 vs 55.25 pg/mL for IL-1β, 298.34 vs 164.22 pg/mL for IL-8, 604.10 vs 70.34 pg/mL for IL-12β and 460.86 vs 104.78 pg/mL for TNF-α).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results confirm the involvement of the entire bovine immune system to protect against the bacteria first locally in the udder. The response of the mammary gland to infection caused by S. agalactiae is rapid and already very strong at the beginning of the infection.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139524380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, in-house validation and application of a method using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) for the quantification of 12 ergot alkaloids in compound feeds.","authors":"Ewelina Kowalczyk, Krzysztof Kwiatek","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0070","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ergot alkaloids (EAs) are toxic substances naturally produced by <i>Claviceps</i> fungi. These fungi infest a wide range of cereals and grasses. When domestic animals are exposed to EAs through contaminated feeds, it is detrimental to them and leads to significant economic losses. For that reason, it is important to monitor feed for the presence of EAs, especially with methods enabling their determination in processed materials.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Ergot alkaloids were extracted with acetonitrile, and dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) was used for clean-up of the extracts. After evaporation, the extracts were reconstituted in ammonium carbonate and acetonitrile and subjected to instrumental analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, robustness, matrix effect, limits of quantification and detection and uncertainty. The EA content of 40 compound feeds was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the assessed validation parameters fulfilled the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2021/808. At least one of the monitored alkaloids was determined in 40% of the samples. The EAs with the highest incidence rate were ergocryptine, ergometrinine and ergocornine. The total concentrations of EAs ranged from under the limit of quantification to 62.3 μg kg^-1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrated that the developed method was suitable for simultaneously determining twelve EAs in compound feed and could be used for routine analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138835939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The serological and genetic diversity of the <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup circulating in the UK.","authors":"Zbigniew Arent, Colm Gilmore, Laura Pardyak, Klaudia Dubniewicz, Barry McInerney, William Ellis","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0063","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Strains of <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> belonging to two very closely related serovars, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni, have been associated with disease in mammalian species and are the most frequently reported agents of human leptospirosis. They are considered the most pathogenic serovars and represent more than half of the leptospires encountered in severe human infections.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Nineteen such isolates from the United Kingdom - human, domestic and wildlife species - were typed using three monoclonal antibodies (F12 C3, F70 C14 and F70 C24) in an attempt to elucidate their epidemiology. They were further examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and lic12008 gene sequence analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Monoclonal antibody F12 C3, which is highly specific for Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni, confirmed that all the strains belonged to these two serovars. Sixteen strains were identified as Copenhageni and three as Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar. Only one restriction pattern type was identified, thus confirming that REA is not able to discriminate between the Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni serovars. Variable-number tandem-repeat analysis found three loci with differences in the repeat number, indicating genetic diversity between British isolates. Sequences of the lic12008 gene showed that all isolates identified as the Icterohaemorrhagiae serotype have a single base insertion, in contrast to the same sequences of the Copenhageni serotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Copenhageni is the predominant serovar in the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup isolated in British Isles. There is a genetic diversity of MLVA patterns of the isolates but no genetic tool used in the study was able to determine serovars.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genetic variability of small-ruminant lentiviruses and its impact on tropism, the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines and the effectiveness of control programmes.","authors":"Monika Olech","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0064","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Maedi-visna virus and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus are two closely related lentiviruses which cause multisystemic, progressive and persistent infection in goats and sheep. Because these viruses frequently cross the species barrier, they are considered to be one genetic group called small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). They have <i>in vivo</i> tropism mainly for monocytes and macrophages and organ tropism with unknown mechanisms. Typical clinical signs are pneumonia in sheep, arthritis in goats, and mastitis in both species. Infection with SRLV cannot currently be treated or prevented, and control programmes are the only approaches to avoiding its spread. These programmes rely mainly on annual serological testing and elimination of positive animals. However, the high genetic and antigenic variability of SRLV complicate their early and definitive diagnosis. The objective of this review is to summarise the current knowledge of SRLV genetic variation and its implications for tropism, the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines and the effectiveness of control and eradication programmes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Subject literature was selected from the PubMed and the Google Scholar databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The high genetic diversity of SRLV affects the performance of diagnostic tools and therefore control programmes. For the early and definitive diagnosis of SRLV infection, a combination of serological and molecular tests is suggested. Testing by PCR can also be considered for sub-yearling animals. There are still significant gaps in our knowledge of the epidemiology, immunology and biology of SRLV and their impact on animal production and welfare.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This information may aid selection of the most effective SRLV spread reduction measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular contamination of an animal facility during and after African swine fever virus infection.","authors":"Marek Walczak, Krzesimir Szymankiewicz, Fernando Rodriguez, Jordi Argilaguet, Boris Gavrilov, Jacek Żmudzki, Maciej Kochanowski, Małgorzata Juszkiewicz, Anna Szczotka-Bochniarz","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0065","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The molecular contamination of an animal facility was investigated during and after an infection with highly pathogenic African swine fever virus (ASFV) among domestic pigs. The investigation evaluated the risk of indirect transmission of the disease and indicated points that may facilitate cleaning and disinfection processes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Six domestic pigs were infected oronasally with the highly pathogenic Georgia 2007 strain. Environmental samples from the floors, walls, rubber floor mats, feeders, drinkers, high-efficiency particulate-absorbing filter covers and doors were collected 7 days post infection (dpi), 7 days later and 24 h after disinfection of the facility. The samples were investigated by real-time PCR and <i>in vitro</i> assays to find genetic traces of ASFV and infectious virus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Typical clinical outcomes for ASF (<i>i.e</i>. fever, apathy, recumbency and bloody diarrhoea) were observed, and all animals died or required euthanasia before or at 9 dpi. No infectious virus was found in environmental samples at the sampling time points. Genetic traces of ASFV were found in all locations except the doors. The initial virus load was calculated using real-time PCR threshold cycle values and was the highest at the drain. A statistically significant decrease of virus load over time was found on non-porous surfaces mechanically cleaned by water (the floor and drain).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The gathered data confirmed different routes of virus excretion (oral and nasal, faeces and urine, and aerosol) and showed virus locations and different initial concentrations in the animal facility. Maintaining the facility with mechanical cleaning and using personal protection (gloves) and hand disinfection may efficiently minimise the risk of further virus spread. Together with the results of previously published studies, the present investigations' failure to isolate infectious virus may suggest that if stable environmental conditions are assured, the time needed before the introduction of new herds into previously ASF-affected farm facilities could be shortened and in this way the economic losses caused by the disease outbreak mitigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}