Journal of Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Thymus daenensis Čelak and Stachys pilifera Benth","authors":"Zahra Barmoudeh, M. T. Ardakani, A. Doustimotlagh, H. Bardania","doi":"10.1155/2022/1924265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1924265","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Thymus daenensis Celak (TDC) and Stachys pilifera Benth (SPB) plants on HepG2 cell line were investigated by using different analyses. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis of extracts were investigated by MTT method, AnnV/PI apoptosis assay, and their antioxidant capacity was evaluated by total thiol and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) assay. The results revealed that the SBP extract was more cytotoxic compared with the TDC extract and increased over time (128.49 µg/mL vs 107.11 µg/mL IC50 values for 24 and 72 h, respectively). Although, AnnV/PI apoptosis assay showed apoptosis induction for both extracts, but the caspase-3 activity assay revealed that TDC extract significantly increased caspase-3 activity compared with the control and SPB extract. Increasing the activity of GPX by SPB extract revealed that it has high antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the TDC and SPB with high antioxidant capacity have high cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells and have high capability as a medicinal plant.","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45752731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Anabasis syriaca Iljin on Biochemical and Histological Parameters in Rats","authors":"Suad M. Kloub, S. Banihani, O. Atrooz, W. Hananeh","doi":"10.1155/2022/6945745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6945745","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the effect of the alcoholic extract of Anabasis syriaca Iljin on biochemical and histological parameters in male rats. The lethal dose (50% of the plant extract) was assessed, and three separate doses (1/10th, 1/15th, and 1/20th) were orally gavaged for two weeks into three study groups of animals (five rats in each group), with one group used as a control and gavaged normal saline via the same route. Blood was collected after overnight fasting, and 24 biochemical parameters were evaluated. The gross and microscopic findings were reported after the collection of specimens from the animals and processed routinely for standard histological procedures. Among all tested biochemical parameters, a significant increase was noted in fasting serum glucose (p ≤ 0.010), troponin (p ≤ 0.001), and creatine kinase (p ≤ 0.001), while a significant decrease was found in triglycerides (p ≤ 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (p=0.001). On the other hand, no significant histopathological lesions were present within the examined tissues of all groups. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of Anabasis syriaca negatively affected the cardiac function of male rats and increased their serum glucose but reduced their serum triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein.","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47199385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Teratogenic Effect of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine on the Chicken Embryo","authors":"Rachida Moussa Tari, Aboudoulatif Diallo, Emmanuelle Kouame, P. Assogba, Essotolom Badjabaissi, Lawson-evi Povi, B. Bakoma, Y. Potchoo, K. Tona","doi":"10.1155/2022/2995492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2995492","url":null,"abstract":"Background The sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination is a product used in the intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) of malaria in pregnant women in our country. To date, there is very little data on the teratogenic effect of this product. This study proposed to evaluate the teratogenic effect of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine on chicken embryos. Methods The teratogenic effect of the product was evaluated on chicken embryos at a dose of 1.3 mg/g sulfadoxine and 0.06 mg/g pyrimethamine. The product was injected before the start of incubation and on days 12, 14, 16, and 18 of incubation. One batch received a double injection of the product on days 16 and 18 of incubation. The quality of the hatched chicks was evaluated by the Tona Score followed by the determination of hematological and biochemical parameters. Results From the aforementioned, it appears that the eggs treated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine significantly decreased the hatchability rate of the eggs. The chicks obtained were all of very good quality. Apart from a significant decrease in the weight of the chicks of the batch that received the injection twice and a significant increase in the weight of the yolk sac of the chicks of the batch that received the injection on day 16 compared to the control, no variation was obtained. A significant increase in the white blood cell count of the chicks compared to the control was reported in the chicks of the batch injected before incubation and on day 12, as well as a significant increase in the platelet count of the chicks of the batch injected twice. For biochemical parameters, no significant difference was reported in ALT and AST. Conclusion Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine decreased egg hatch and caused an increase in embryo and chick mortality as well as a loss in relative chick weight and an increase in relative yolk sac weight. More in-depth studies would be needed on sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine teratogenicity and the benefit/risk ratio of this drug during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48913447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Assessment of the Effects of Hydroxyethyl Starch and Normal Saline on Severe Hypotension in Patients with Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Amin Nakhostin-Ansari,&nbsp;Gholamabbas Kafi,&nbsp;Mohammad Arefi,&nbsp;Nasrin Barzegari Dahaj,&nbsp;Samaneh Akbarpour,&nbsp;Asieh Mansouri,&nbsp;Behnam Behnoush,&nbsp;Davood Soroosh","doi":"10.1155/2022/4985120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4985120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aluminum phosphide poisoning is one of the most common forms of poisoning which requires immediate and urgent treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the efficiency of two solutions, including hydroxyethyl starch and normal saline, in treating hypotension in patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 35 patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning. We reviewed the profile of 18 patients treated with hydroxyethyl starch and 17 patients treated with normal saline. Within-group and between-group differences in systolic blood pressure before and after treatment were compared using paired <i>t</i>-test and independent <i>t</i>-test, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of the subjects in the starch and normal saline groups was 27.06 ± 9.72 and 27.88 ± 9.08, respectively. The levels of blood pressure in the two groups were not significantly different before the treatment; the mean ± SD of systolic blood pressure in the starch and normal saline groups was 72.67 ± 14.49 and 68.59 ± 8.3, respectively (<i>P</i>=0.313). After the treatment, it was significantly increased to 94 ± 24.45 and 85.18 ± 19.9 in the starch group (<i>P</i>=0.001) and the normal saline group (<i>P</i>=0.004), respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (<i>P</i>=0.245). Only one person survived in each group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results of this study, although there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of their effects on hypotension, these treatments could not prevent mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8926529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40308146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Toxic Influence of Excess Free Iron on Red Blood Cells in the Biophysical Experiment: An In Vitro Study","authors":"E. Kozlova, E. Sherstyukova, V. Sergunova, A. Kozlov, O. Gudkova, V. Inozemtsev, A. Chernysh","doi":"10.1155/2022/7113958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7113958","url":null,"abstract":"Iron is needed for life-essential processes, but free iron overload causes dangerous clinical consequences. The study of the role of red blood cells (RBCs) in the influence of excess free iron in the blood on the pathological consequences in an organism is relevant. Here, in a direct biophysical experiment in vitro, we studied the action of free iron overload on the packed red blood cell (pRBC) characteristics. In experiments, we incubated pRBCs with the ferrous sulfate solution (Fe2+). Wе used free iron in a wide range of concentrations. High Fe2+ concentrations made us possible to establish the pattern of the toxic effect of excess iron on pRBCs during a reduced incubation time in a biophysical experiment in vitro. It was found that excess free iron causes changes in pRBC morphology, the appearance of bridges between cells, and the formation of clots, increasing the membrane stiffness and methemoglobin concentration. We created a kinetic model of changes in the hemoglobin derivatives. The complex of simultaneous distortions of pRBCs established in our experiments can be taken into account when studying the mechanism of the toxic influence of excess free iron in the blood on pathological changes in an organism.","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46383173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactic Acid Bacteria from African Fermented Cereal-Based Products: Potential Biological Control Agents for Mycotoxins in Kenya","authors":"E. N. Wafula, Christabel N Muhonja, Josiah O. Kuja, E. Owaga, H. Makonde, J. Mathara, V. Kimani","doi":"10.1155/2022/2397767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2397767","url":null,"abstract":"Cereals play an important role in global food security. Data from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization projects increased consumption of cereals from 2.6 billion tonnes in 2017 to approximately 2.9 billion tonnes by 2027. However, cereals are prone to contamination by toxigenic fungi, which lead to mycotoxicosis. The current methods for mycotoxin control involve the use of chemical preservatives. However, there are concerns about the use of chemicals in food preservation due to their effects on the health, nutritional quality, and organoleptic properties of food. Therefore, alternative methods are needed that are affordable and simple to use. The fermentation technique is based on the use of microorganisms mainly to impart desirable sensory properties and shelf-life extension. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) due to their long history of application in food fermentation systems and ability to produce antimicrobial compounds (hydroxyl fatty acids, organic acids, phenyllactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins, and carbon dioxide) with a broad range of antifungal activity. Hence, LAB can inhibit the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi, thereby preventing the production of mycotoxins. Fermentation is also an efficient technique for improving nutrient bioavailability and other functional properties of cereal-based products. This review seeks to provide evidence of the potential of LAB from African fermented cereal-based products as potential biological agents against mycotoxin-producing fungi.","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43315518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Assessment of Trace Metal Pollution and Their Bioaccumulation in Mollusks Inhabiting the Intertidal Sediments of the Atlantic Coast of Accra, Ghana.","authors":"Emmanuel R Blankson,&nbsp;Thyra F Addison,&nbsp;Daniel Oduro,&nbsp;Juliet Ewool,&nbsp;Francis Gbogbo","doi":"10.1155/2022/9723272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9723272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the trace metal levels in sediments, enrichment in sediments, and its bioaccumulation in mollusks collected from the intertidal sediments of the coast of Accra, Ghana, which is influenced by anthropogenic activities. The metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, and Zn) were analyzed in sediments. The metals (Mn, Cu, Cr, and Zn) were analyzed in the soft tissue of the mollusks collected from the different coastal areas. The results indicate that although Accra is the capital city and the coast receives tons of anthropogenic wastes, trace metal levels were low and there was no enrichment for the metals analyzed except Cu which showed minor to moderate enrichment in the coastal sediments. There was bioaccumulation of the trace metals in the soft tissue of the mollusks, and the results suggest that the mollusks studied, the gastropods (<i>Agaronia razetoi)</i> and the bivalves (<i>Tivela tripla</i>), can be used for biomonitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8824742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39914390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Disposal and Ecopharmacovigilance Practices in the Krowor Municipality, Ghana.","authors":"Yvonne Yirenkyiwaa Esseku,&nbsp;Priscilla Kolibea Mante,&nbsp;Alex Nii Oto Dodoo,&nbsp;Eric Woode","doi":"10.1155/2022/7674701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7674701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of medicines is a ubiquitous practice for the management of healthcare conditions. In the delivery of healthcare, medicines may remain unused and may expire within the various stakeholders in the pharmaceutical value chain. If these unused and expired medicines are not disposed of properly, they may result in the concentration of pharmaceuticals in environmental media contaminating food sources for humans and animals. Implementation of ecopharmacovigilance strategies will reduce the quantities of pharmaceuticals in the environmental media, reduce the potential for inadvertent consumption by humans and animals, and reduce potential pharmacological effects on the environment, humans, and animals. The drug disposal flow diagram (DDFD) provides an effective way of assessing the most cost-effective strategies to reduce environmental contamination.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A combined method of desk study and questionnaires, both structured and unstructured was used. The desk study reviewed the institutional arrangements for the regulation of disposal of pharmaceutical waste in Krowor. The questionnaires were used to gather information from community members, community pharmacies, and pharmaceutical manufacturers in Krowor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The drug disposal flow diagram shows that up to 96% of pharmaceuticals are handled and disposed of in ways that are harmful to the environment with only 4% being handled in ways that are environmentally friendly. Forty-nine percent (49%) of generated pharmaceutical waste ends up in the local and surrounding areas, 21% contaminates the drainage system and 25% is discharged into receiving waters. <i>Discussion</i>. The DDFD for Krowor shows that engagement with community members and institutional healthcare service providers and strategies that result in separation of pharmaceutical waste from general household waste will reduce the quantities of pharmaceuticals that end up in the environmental media.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DDFD will support the effective implementation of ecopharmacovigilance (EPV) strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9822764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10513365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Scavenging Capacity and Folliculogenesis Impact following Flaxseed Consumption in the First-Generation Mice Pups.","authors":"Fahimeh Pourjafari,&nbsp;Tahereh Haghpanah,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Palmerini,&nbsp;Massood Ezzatabadipour","doi":"10.1155/2022/5342131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5342131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flaxseed is a source of antioxidants utilized for female infertility treatment in traditional medicine. This study investigated the effects of flax hydroalcoholic extract and flaxseeds during prenatal and postnatal (PND) periods on folliculogenesis and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Pregnant NMRI mice received 500 and 1000 mg/kg of flax extract (LE) and the same doses of flaxseed (LS). Female pups received the same regimen for 56 days. The body, ovarian morphometry, follicle development, and TAC levels were evaluated. The ovarian weight significantly increased in the LE1000 group compared to the LS500 group. The LE500 group had a considerably lower number of primary and antral follicles compared to the CTL and LS1000 groups. The number of antral follicles significantly increased in the LE1000 group compared to the LS500 and LE500 groups. The number of preovulatory follicles was higher in the LE1000 group. A significant increase in the TAC levels was detected in the LS500, LS1000, and LE1000 groups. LE showed a dose-dependent protective effect on the folliculogenesis in F1, which is more evident with the dosage of 1000 mg/kg. This could be related to the strongest antioxidant property of LE1000, as shown by the highest levels of TAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9170434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9494537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Effects of Bisphenol A on the Heart and Coronary Artery of Adult Male Rats and the Possible Role of L-Carnitine.","authors":"Mohamed Moharram Badawy,&nbsp;Mohsen M Elsherbiny,&nbsp;Gehad Elsaid Elshopakey,&nbsp;Asmaa Ezat Elsayyad,&nbsp;Mohammad Abd-El-Same'e El-Kattan,&nbsp;Mohamed G Hamama,&nbsp;Fatemah H Aldariweesh,&nbsp;Alaa Fehaid","doi":"10.1155/2022/7760594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7760594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental toxin utilized for the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Due to BPA's extensive production and environmental contamination, human exposure is unavoidable. The effects of low-dose of BPA on various body tissues and organs remain controversial. Our study investigated the potential of BPA to induce biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes in the coronary artery and myocardium and the potential protective role of L-carnitine (LC). 24 adult Wistar albino male rats were divided equally into a control group, a BPA-treated group (40 mg/kg/d, by gavage for 4 weeks), and a BPA plus LC-treated group (received 40 mg/kg/d of BPA and 300 mg/kg/d of LC, by gavage for 4 weeks). BPA-exposed rats demonstrated structural anomalies in the coronary artery tissue including vacuolation of cells in the media and detachment of the endothelium of the intima. Congestion of blood vessels and infiltration by polynuclear cells were observed in the myocardium. There was an enhanced collagen deposition in both tissues indicating fibrosis. Immunohistochemical changes included enhanced eNOS and caspase-3 expression in the coronary artery and myocardium indicating vascular disease and apoptosis, respectively. Oxidative damage was evident in the coronary artery and the myocardium of BPA-treated rats, which was indicated by the reduced level of glutathione (GSH) and elevated malondydehyde (MDA) levels. The coadministration of LC significantly improved BPA-induced structural alterations and oxidative stress. In conclusion, BPA could potentially cause pathologic changes and oxidative damage in the coronary artery and myocardium, which could be improved by LC coadministration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9807306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10856495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}