Journal of Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Potential Toxicity of the Essential Oil from <i>Minthostachys mollis</i>: A Medicinal Plant Commonly Used in the Traditional Andean Medicine in Peru\".","authors":"Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas,&nbsp;Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo,&nbsp;José Manuel Ortiz-Sánchez,&nbsp;Miriam Palomino-Pacheco,&nbsp;Hugo Jesus Justil-Guerrero,&nbsp;Oscar Herrera-Calderón,&nbsp;Julio Hilario-Vargas","doi":"10.1155/2020/2103456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2103456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/1987935.].</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"2103456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/2103456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38743904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Toxicity and Histological Effects of Al₂O₃ Nanoparticles on Bone Tissue in Animal Model: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Hossein Soltaninejad,&nbsp;Hadi Zare-Zardini,&nbsp;Amir Ali Hamidieh,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Sobhan,&nbsp;Seyed Houssein Saeed-Banadaky,&nbsp;Mohammad Amir Amirkhani,&nbsp;Behnaz Tolueinia,&nbsp;Mohsen Mehregan,&nbsp;Mahnaz Mirakhor,&nbsp;Farzaneh Sadat Eshaghi","doi":"10.1155/2020/8870530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8870530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The applications of nanostructures have been limited by their different toxicities. So, the investigation of these toxicities is necessary before nanostructure application. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles on bone density in Wistar rat. Al₂O₃ nanoparticle was prepared by the sol-gel method. Characterization was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Sixty-four male adult Wistar rats were divided into eight groups including six groups intravenously treated with Al₂O₃ nanoparticle at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 <i>µ</i>g/ml: one group received food and water as the control group, and one group received food and water as well as intravenously distilled water as an injection control group. After 41 days, bone density was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). According to X-ray diffraction, the average particle size for Al₂O₃ nanoparticles was 20.85 nm. The data of densitometry showed that the bone density of right and left foot was reduced in concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 <i>µ</i>g/ml that were statistically significant in comparison with the control group. The reduction of bone density was increased with the enhancement of nanostructures concentration. The effect of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles on bone density was similar in the left and right legs. Histopatholological assessment also showed that Al₂O₃ nanoparticles (250, 500, and 1000 <i>µ</i>g/ml) lead to significant reduction of trabeculae. Empty lacunae are observed in these three groups. Considering that high concentrations of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles had toxicity on bone tissue, it must be used by more caution, especially its use as a coating in different devices such as implants, surgical instruments, and bone prostheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8870530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8870530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38697097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of the Adaptation Potential Reduction Model for Reproductive Toxicity Research In Vivo.","authors":"Nadezhda V Tyshko,&nbsp;Elvira O Sadykova,&nbsp;Svetlana I Shestakova,&nbsp;Nikolay S Nikitin,&nbsp;Marina D Trebukh,&nbsp;Maria S Loginova,&nbsp;Valentina A Pashorina,&nbsp;Valentin M Zhminchenko","doi":"10.1155/2020/8834630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8834630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The modeling of adaptation potential decrease in rats due to modification of the diet's vitamin-mineral composition allows to increase animals' sensitivity to toxic load in reprotoxicological experiments. The threshold values of vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6 and mineral substances Fe³⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the diet, which lead to a considerable reduction of laboratory animals' adaptation potential, have been determined as 19% (from the basic level in the diet) for males and 18% for females. The efficiency of this model has been confirmed in a reprotoxicological experiment with glyphosate as a toxic factor: the action of the toxic factor against the background of reduced availability of B vitamins and salts Fe³⁺ and Mg²⁺ led to significant changes in such indicators of reproductive function as mating efficiency, postimplantation loss, and the total number of alive pups, while the toxic effect of glyphosate was not so pronounced against the normal level of essential substances. The obtained results prove that this adaptation potential reduction model can be recommended for the research of the low-toxicity objects reproductive toxicity in rats and for the safety assessment of novel food, in particular.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8834630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8834630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38700713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Tamarix articulata</i> Extracts Exhibit Antioxidant Activity and Offer Protection against Hydrogen Peroxide-Mediated Toxicity to Human Skin Fibroblasts.","authors":"Abdullah M Alnuqaydan","doi":"10.1155/2020/8896263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8896263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Tamarix articulata</i> (TA) is a wild halophytic plant growing in extremely harsh environmental conditions in the deserts of Saudi Arabia. Evaluating the protective effect of the methanolic extract of different parts (fresh and dry leaves, stem, and root) of TA was determined by MTT assay using Hs27 skin fibroblasts as the cellular model. The study was designed and conducted in two sets. The first set assesses the toxicity profile of TA extracts in both concentration- and time-dependent ways on Hs27 cells. Our MTT results showed that methanolic extracts from all four parts of TA at varying doses (27.5, 55, 110, and 220 <i>μ</i>g/mL) display negligible toxicity when exposed for 4 h. However, exposure of Hs27 cells to varying doses of all four TA extracts for 24 and 48 h promotes significant 23%, 24%, 26%, and 25% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and 35%, 36%, 39%, and 41% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) cell toxicity at 220 <i>μ</i>g/mL of all four TA extracts compared to untreated control cells. To evaluate the protection offered by TA extracts against H₂O₂, we perform a second set of experiments to preincubate Hs27 cells with the TA extracts in both dose- and time-dependent way. This is followed by 300 <i>μ</i>M hydrogen peroxide- (H₂O₂-) mediated oxidative insult for 1 h. Using MTT assay, we found that methanolic extracts of TA at different time points (4, 24, and 48 h) and higher doses (220 <i>μ</i>g/mL) provide significant protection in cell viability when challenged with H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in Hs27 cells. The protective effect was more pronounced at 48 h and 220 <i>μ</i>g/mL and the amounts were 39%, 41%, 41%, and 44% for stem, root, fresh leaf, and dry leaf TA extracts (<i>p</i> < 0.05), respectively, compared to untreated cells (2-4%). Collectively, the current study demonstrates that methanolic extracts of TA contain potential bioactive compounds and offer significant protection against H₂O₂-mediated oxidative stress in Hs27 skin fibroblasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8896263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8896263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38700715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological Investigations of Aristolochia longa Root Extracts","authors":"Nasreddine El Omari, Omar El Blidi, A. Bouyahya, K. Sayah, S. Bakrim, S. Fettach, R. Tahri, K. Taghzouti, O. Chokairi, M. Barkiyou","doi":"10.1155/2020/7643573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7643573","url":null,"abstract":"Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is an herbaceous plant recognized in alternative medicine for its many therapeutic virtues. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacotoxicological effects of this plant in order to ensure safe clinical use. The oral toxicity of the aqueous extract of A. longa roots was performed in vivo on Wistar rats at doses of 0.8, 1.25, 2, 2.5, and 5 g/kg/day for 21 days. Clinical signs were observed throughout the experimental period, followed by measurement of body weight change, while selected biochemical parameters, as well as relative organ weights and the histology of liver, kidney, and intestinal tissues, were evaluated after 6, 11, and 16 days and then at the end of 21 days of daily administration. At repeated doses for 21 days, the extract contributed to significant weight gain, in both control and treated rats. The global analysis of hepatic and renal biomarkers showed a significant increase between control and different doses of the extract, from the first to the third week of treatment, indicating the likely toxic effect of the extract on liver and kidney function. Organ toxicity was confirmed by histopathological examination, which revealed greater renal and hepatic parenchymal changes in animals treated with a high dose beyond the 16th day. At the end of the treatment, relatively small size of intestinal villi was also observed. It was concluded that ALAE has a low toxicity potential in nonprolonged oral administrations. However, at high chronic oral doses, A. longa appears to have significant toxicity on the organs tested.","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/7643573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46534192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formaldehyde Exposure and Its Potential Health Risk in Some Beauty Salons in Kumasi Metropolis.","authors":"Noah Kyame Asare-Donkor,&nbsp;James Kusi Appiah,&nbsp;Vincent Torve,&nbsp;Ray Bright Voegborlo,&nbsp;Anthony Apeke Adimado","doi":"10.1155/2020/8875167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8875167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cosmetologists may be potentially exposed to high levels of formaldehyde as a result of their exposure to formaldehyde released from the various cosmetic products used in the beauty salons. In order to assess the exposure of cosmetologists to formaldehyde, the indoor air in sixty beauty salons across the ten submetros in Kumasi were sampled to determine the formaldehyde levels and the associated noncarcinogenic human health risks. Sampling was done using System Service Innovation Incorporation air sampler model 1000<i>i</i>, and the MBTH spectrophotometric method was used for analysis. The mean levels of formaldehyde concentrations ranged from 88.67 to 170.67 <i>µ</i>g/m³. Out of the sixty salons sampled, 36 salons had formaldehyde levels above the WHO permissible limit of 100 <i>µ</i>g/m³ for an eight-hour working period and also exceeded the 55 and 9 <i>µ</i>g/m³ for chronic and acute reference exposure limit, respectively, set by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. The results of this study revealed that the number of customers that visit the salon in a week, number of salon services offered, and age of salon had a positive significant correlation with the level of formaldehyde determined in each salon. The health risk study also revealed that about 50% of the salons had hazard quotient (HQ) above the safety limit (HQ = 1) and may, therefore, pose health risks to cosmetologists in these salons. Results from the analysis of the questionnaire revealed that hairdressers in salons that provide the entire range of salon services captured in the study are at higher risk to the effects of formaldehyde.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8875167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8875167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38720299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the Cytotoxic Effect of Different Leaf Extracts from <i>Parinari curatellifolia</i> (Chrysobalanaceae).","authors":"Anesu Kundishora,&nbsp;Simbarashe Sithole,&nbsp;Stanley Mukanganyama","doi":"10.1155/2020/8831545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8831545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite plants being a rich source of useful chemical compounds with different pharmacological properties, some of these compounds may be toxic to humans. <i>Parinari curatellifolia</i>, among its other important pharmacological activities, has been shown to have significant antiproliferative activity on cancer cell lines. Toxicity studies are required to determine the safety profile of <i>P. curatellifolia</i> in the consideration of its potential pharmaceutical benefits as a source of lead compounds in cancer therapy. The effects of <i>P. curatellifolia</i> on both the integrity of the erythrocyte membrane and on normal cells were determined. The dried leaf powder of <i>P. curatellifolia</i> was used in serial exhaustive extraction procedures using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water as solvents in addition to extraction using DCM: methanol in equal ratio. Alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins were isolated from the ethanol extract. The leaf extracts were tested for haemolytic activity on sheep erythrocytes at concentrations of 0.625 to 5 mg/ml. The extracts were also tested for toxicity activity on normal mammalian cells such as the BALB/c mice peritoneal cells using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) at the concentrations of 6.3 to 50 <i>μ</i>g/ml. In the haemolysis assays, none of the plant extracts had a significant haemolytic activity with the saponin-enriched extract having the maximum haemolytic activity of 12.2% for a concentration of 5 mg/ml. In the MTT cell viability assay, none of the 11 plant extracts had significant cytotoxicity. The water extract, however, had significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01) proliferative activity towards the murine immune cells at all concentrations<i>. P. curatellifolia</i> leaf extracts were, therefore, not toxic to both erythrocytes and immune cells, and the water extract may have immunostimulatory effects. It is concluded that <i>P. curatellifolia</i> leaf extracts are not toxic <i>in vitro</i> and, therefore, our results support the use of the plant for ethnomedicinal use.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8831545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8831545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38590751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larval Cytotoxic and Subacute Toxicity of <i>Gardenia ternifolia</i>, <i>Rourea coccinea</i>, and <i>Cassytha filiformis</i> Used in Traditional Medicine of Benin (West Africa).","authors":"E Agbodjento,&nbsp;J R Klotoé,&nbsp;T I Sacramento,&nbsp;T V Dougnon,&nbsp;E Déguenon,&nbsp;J Agbankpé,&nbsp;K Fabiyi,&nbsp;P Assogba,&nbsp;M-P Hounkanrin,&nbsp;R Akotegnon,&nbsp;T J Dougnon,&nbsp;J-M Atègbo","doi":"10.1155/2020/8843575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8843575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine is a common practice in developing countries. However, this unregulated or irrational use may pose a risk of toxicity to humans in the short and/or long term. Recent studies reported interesting ethnopharmacological, antioxidant, and phytochemical data on some medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of male infertility in Benin. Unfortunately, very little data exist on the long-repeated dose toxicity of these medicinal plants. This study was aimed at evaluating the larval cytotoxicity and subacute toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of <i>Cassytha filiformis</i> whole plant, <i>Gardenia ternifolia</i> roots, and <i>Rourea coccinea</i> leaves. The subacute toxicity of these plants was evaluated in male Wistar albino rats at three different doses (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) according to the OECD 407 guidelines. Hematological and biochemical examinations and the histological study of the liver and kidneys were carried out. Larval cytotoxicity was assessed by the sensitivity of <i>Artemia salina</i> larvae to different concentrations of the studied plants extracts. The mean lethal concentration (LC₅₀) was determined by the probit method. Subacute toxicity data indicated that there was no mortality or structural alterations of the liver and kidneys in the lot of treated animals. However, significant alterations in certain hematological and biochemical parameters (hematocrit, ASAT, and uremia) were noted. These abnormalities were observed in the lot of rats treated with <i>Rourea coccinea</i> and <i>Cassytha filiformis</i> extracts. Larval cytotoxicity data indicate that the studied plants extracts are not cytotoxic (LC₅₀ > 0.1 mg/mL). These data suggest that the use in traditional medicine of studied plants at high doses and repeated over a long period of time requires special attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8843575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8843575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38687438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of Snakebite Envenomation by a Desert Viper in Qatar.","authors":"Amr Elmoheen,&nbsp;Waleed Awad Salem,&nbsp;Mahmoud Haddad,&nbsp;Khalid Bashir,&nbsp;Stephen H Thomas","doi":"10.1155/2020/8810741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8810741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crotaline and elapid snakebites are reported all over the world as well as in the Middle East and other countries around this region. However, data regarding snakebites and their treatment in Qatar are limited. This review paper is going to investigate the presentation and treatment of snakebite in Qatar. A good assessment helps to decide on the management of the snakebites envenomation. Antivenom and conservative management are the mainstays of treatment for crotaline snakebite. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been suggested to do early diagnosis and treatment of soft tissue problems, such as edema and compartment syndrome, after a snakebite. The supporting data are not sufficient regarding the efficiency of POCUS in diagnosing the extent and severity of tissue involvement and its ultimate effect on the outcome. Further research is suggested in this case. Systemic complications, such as bleeding diathesis, can be managed by administering clotting factors and platelets.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8810741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8810741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38526696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of <i>Costus afer</i> Aqueous Leaf Extract (CALE) on Low-Dose Heavy Metal Mixture-Induced Alterations in Serum Lipid Profile and Hematological Parameters of Male Wistar Albino Rats.","authors":"Brilliance O Anyanwu,&nbsp;Chinna N Orish,&nbsp;Anthonet N Ezejiofor,&nbsp;Ify L Nwaogazie,&nbsp;Orish E Orisakwe","doi":"10.1155/2020/8850264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8850264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present work investigated the protective effects of <i>Costus afer</i> Ker Gawl. aqueous leaf extract (CALE) on lipid profile and hematological changes induced by exposure to low-dose heavy metal mixture in male albino rats. The experimental animals were divided into six weight matched groups. The normal (group 1) and toxic (group 2) controls received deionized water and metal mixture (20 mg/kg PbCl₂, 1.61 mg/kg CdCl₂, and 0.40 mg/kg HgCl₂), respectively. Test rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with metal mixture and CALE (750, 1500, and 2250 mg/kg, respectively), and group 6 received metal mixture and ZnCl₂. All treatments were administered through oral gavage for 12 weeks. LDHMM caused a marked increase (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), percentage body weight gain, and feed and fluid intake. Also, a significant decrease in RBC, Hb, and PCV, a significant increase in WBC, and no significant increase in platelet PLT were observed in the metal mixture-treated group. But in CALE treated groups, their levels were found to attain almost normal values as found in normal control which is also similar to the zinc-treated group. <i>Costus afer</i> may hold a promise in improving lipid profile and hemodynamic picture in cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8850264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8850264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38495898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}