Journal of Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"<i>Dichrocephala integrifolia</i> (L.f.) Kuntze Leaf Aqueous Extract Improves Liver Architecture in a Model of Aflatoxin-Containing Peanut-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats.","authors":"Adolphe Mbatchou, Florence Ngueguim Tsofack, Jean Hubert Donfack, Raceline Kamkumo Gounoue, Michel Arnaud Mbock, Jean Philippe Tientcheu Djientcheu, Franklin Gamo Zemo, Rodrigue Ngapout Fifen, Paul Desire Djomeni Dzeufiet, Théophile Dimo","doi":"10.1155/jt/5551651","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jt/5551651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated food is responsible for hepatotoxicity. <i>Dichrocephala integrifolia</i> (<i>D. integrifolia</i>) is used in traditional African medicine to treat various liver diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of aqueous leaf extract of <i>D. integrifolia</i> on aflatoxin-containing peanut-induced liver damage in Wistar rats. The animals were fed the standard diet (SD) or the SD supplemented with stored and poorly preserved peanuts (50:50) containing aflatoxins for 42 days. Then, animals received the diet concomitantly with <i>D. integrifolia</i> (100, 200 mg/kg), or Silybon 100 mg/kg for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, biochemical markers, including the lipid profile, liver function markers, and proinflammatory markers, were evaluated. A histopathological analysis of the liver was performed. Semiquantitative evaluation of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts by thin-layer chromatography was carried out, and phytochemical characterization of the extract by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed. As a result, poorly stored peanuts contain 20 μg/kg aflatoxin B1/kg of peanuts. Consumption of contaminated peanuts resulted in inflammation characterized by a significant increase (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-13) and a significant increase (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in transaminase activities, GGT, ALP, and levels of total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and a significant decrease (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in HDL cholesterol and albumin levels. These various abnormalities were accompanied by a significant increase (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in oxidative stress. These disturbances were confirmed by hepatic cytolysis, leukocyte infiltration, and vascular congestion. Treatment with <i>D. integrifolia</i> extract at all doses tested reversed these abnormalities. These beneficial effects of the extract could be due to <i>β</i>-amyrin formate, identified in this extract, and could therefore justify the use of this plant extract in traditional medicine to manage liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5551651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Toxicities of Bromophenols to Alga and Daphina: Comparative Species Sensitivity Distribution Between Standard and Dietary Supplementation Tests.","authors":"Bin Li, Xueling Xiang, Jianghong Shi, Mengtao Zhang, Hui Ge","doi":"10.1155/jt/3399746","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jt/3399746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bromophenols are synthesized chemicals that are widely used in various industrial activities and are also naturally produced by marine algae as secondary metabolites, including 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP), 2,6-dibromophenol (2,6-DBP), and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP). However, the toxicological profiles and toxicity data of these bromophenols remain largely unreported, necessitating further investigation. Acute toxicity tests of 2,4-DBP, 2,6-DBP, and 2,4,6-TBP were conducted in this study using <i>Scenedesmus quadricauda</i> and <i>Daphnia magna</i> (standard tests). Furthermore, a modified acute toxicity test of <i>D. magna</i> was proposed, which further evaluates the dietary supplementation effects (1.0 × 10⁴ cells/mL of <i>S. quadricauda</i>) on the toxicities of these three bromophenols (modified tests). The median effect concentrations (EC₅₀s) of <i>D. magna</i> increased significantly when <i>S. quadricauda</i> was supplied as the dietary supplement. The EC₅₀ values of 2,4-DBP increased from 2.17 to 4.47 mg/L, 2,6-DBP from 2.78 to 6.75 mg/L and 2,4,6-TBP from 1.57 to 3.28 mg/L. Moreover, the web-based interspecies correlation estimation platform coupled with the species sensitivity distribution model (Web-ICE-SSD) was used to calculate the fifth percentile hazard concentrations (HC₅s) for 2,4-DBP, 2,6-DBP, and 2,4,6-TBP. The HC₅ values when using standard test data for 2,4-DBP, 2,6-DBP, and 2,4,6-TBP were 0.55, 0.71, and 0.43 mg/L, respectively. In contrast, the HC₅ values when using modified test data increased to 1.20, 1.80, and 0.88 mg/L. These results indicated that dietary supplementation during acute toxicity tests may provide more environment-related risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3399746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Toxicity Profile and Central Nervous System Activities of Glue (Adhesive) Inhalation in Wistar Rats.","authors":"Abdulgafar Olayiwola Jimoh, Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu, Onyinye Emmanuella Ibeabuchi, Bilyaminu Abubakar, Millicent Ladi Umaru, Zuwaira Sani, Edith Ginika Otalike, Umar Mohammed, Muhammad Sanusi Haruna, Kehinde Ahmad Adeshina","doi":"10.1155/jt/5535209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jt/5535209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Glue inhalation is a common unconventional substance of abuse, and it contains neurotoxic and volatile solvents. We examined the toxicity profile and central nervous system (CNS) activities of glue inhalation in Wistar rats. <b>Methods:</b> Acute toxicity was investigated, and the subacute toxicity was studied using 24 male Wistar rats at graded concentrations of air, 2, 4 and 8 mL glue (<i>n</i> = 6/group) for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical and haematological evaluations, and vital organs (lung, liver, kidney, heart, brain and eye) were used for histological analysis. Behavioural studies were carried out using an elevated plus maze, hole board test, open-field test, tail suspension test and forced swim test. Dependence and abstinence effects were also evaluated. <b>Results:</b> The lethal dose (LD₅₀) of the inhalational glue was 14.14 mL. Glue significantly increased liver function parameters such as TB, DB, ALP, ALT, TP and electrolyte levels (K⁺ and HCO₃) but reduced cholesterol levels in exposed rats. Glue inhalation had significant anxiolytic and depressant effects on the rats at concentrations of 4 and 8 mL. Histological analysis revealed liver and lung tissue abnormalities and subconjunctival inflammation in eye tissue at 8 mL. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study therefore suggests that glue inhalation has anxiolytic and depressant effects in Wistar rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5535209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Activity of <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith) in Different Areas of Maize Crops and Its Pesticide Susceptibility Testing Under Controlled Conditions.","authors":"Alia Tajdar, Chuan Cao, Khalid Abbas, Muhammad Shah Zaib, Hafiz Muhammad Safeer, Syed Muhammad Zaka, Wangpeng Shi, Waqar Jaleel","doi":"10.1155/jt/6651151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jt/6651151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest, particularly destructive to maize crops all over the world. It is native to America but has strong flying capabilities, and currently, the FAW has invaded many Asian countries, including Pakistan. Therefore, the current study aims to monitor its activity in four different areas of Pakistan. The damage percentage was recorded in different fields of maize crops caused by FAW. Furthermore, the susceptibility test of four different pesticides was performed against FAW under laboratory conditions. Maximum damage was recorded in the autumn crops that were surrounded by other alternative hosts such as sorghum, potato, jantar, rice chilies, and cotton when compared to the spring crops (with no alternate host in their surroundings). Temperature seems to play an important role in the size of the FAW population and the damage they cause. The results showed that among the four tested insecticides, emamectin benzoate and lufenuron exhibited higher toxic effects, while chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin showed lower toxicities against FAW. Additionally, the study revealed an increasing resistance of FAW populations to commonly used insecticides, especially in South Punjab. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated pest management strategies to address resistance development. Despite the observed resistance, emamectin benzoate remains a viable control option, but proactive resistance management is crucial for its continued effectiveness in long-term FAW control.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6651151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erqember Mitigates Neurotoxic Effects of Aluminum Chloride in Mice: Phytochemical Insights With Neurobehavioral and In Silico Approaches.","authors":"Habiba Khan, Sana Javaid, Waseem Ashraf, Farhan Siddique, Mehvish Bibi, Tanveer Ahmad, Muhammad Shoaib Ali Gill, Asad Abrar, Faleh Alqahtani, Imran Imran","doi":"10.1155/jt/3997995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jt/3997995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing popularity of herbal preparations has prompted people around the world to incorporate herbal products into their balanced diet, aiming to improve brain health and protect against neurological disorders. Erqember(Erq-Em) possesses a blend of various neuroprotective phytocompounds. The present study aimed to phytochemically analyze this polyherbal product and scientifically validate its neurological benefits. After chemical characterization through UHPLC-MS, in vivo studies involved the supplementation of mice with 10 and 20 mL/kg doses of Erq-Em in an AlCl₃-induced amnesic mice model followed by behavioral assessment for anxiety and cognition in a battery of behavioral tests. Subsequently, whole brains were dissected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Further, the study also included in silico studies to understand the interaction of detected phytocompounds with acetylcholinesterase protein. The outcomes revealed that mice treated with Eqr-Em were protected from anxiety-like behavior as they dose-dependently prefer innately frightening central, lightened, and elevated zones in OFT, L/D, and EPM tests. Moreover, the Erq-Em supplementation caused improved spontaneous learning in Y-maze and NOR tests, while their memory in passive avoidance and water maze tests was evident from longer step-through and shorter escape latencies, respectively. The biochemical analysis of brain homogenates showed a reduction in AchE and MDA while elevation in SOD and GPx levels in mice receiving Erq-Em. Moreover, the healthy and intact neuronal counts were markedly high in CA1 and DG regions of Nissl's-stained hippocampi of Erq-Em-treated mice. The compounds detected by UPLC-MS showed favorable BBB permeability and interacted well with acetylcholinesterase protein through in silico studies. Overall, the neurological benefits of Erqember might result from enhanced cholinergic neurotransmission and antioxidative activity of its phytocompounds, which together function as multimodal strategies against AlCl₃-induced neurotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3997995"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11981706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Aquatic Risk of Three Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Using Early-Stage Development of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell, 1822).","authors":"Chukwuma Okereke Ofor, Elizabeth Ogechukwu Uzochukwu, Chima Emmanuel Akudike, Paul Chinedu Onuoha","doi":"10.1155/jt/9102995","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jt/9102995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Clarias gariepinus'</i> (Burchell, 1822) early-stage development was assessed in microconcentrations of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), Forceup, Roundup, and Uproot. Using the default ecological trigger value of 0.37 mg L^-1 of glyphosate as a reference, herbicides were diluted to microconcentrations containing 0.006, 0.013, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.10 ([v/v] %) of herbicide using borehole water, which served as control. Concentrations and control were replicated three times. Fertilization (%), time to morula formation and to commencement of hatching (minutes), hatching (% fertilized eggs), and 96-h larval survival (% hatched larvae) in microconcentrations were monitored. Within formulation, concentration significantly affected fertilization and hatching rates (<i>p</i> < 0.001), time to morula formation and hatching, and 96-h larval survival ([<i>χ</i> ²] 5 = 16,648, <i>p</i> = 0.010; [Kruskal-Wallis H test]). Morula formation, fertilization, hatching, and larval survival rates were significantly affected by formulation in Concentrations 2 and 3, while fertilization rate was significantly affected at all concentrations ([<i>χ</i> ²] 3 = 6.49, <i>p</i> = 0.039). The glyphosate ecological trigger value of 0.37 mg L^-1 as well as the recommended application rate of Roundup Proactive in aquatic and riparian environments of 0.32% (v/v) are higher than the lowest significant effect concentrations of the herbicides. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in control embryos, were higher but not significantly, than levels in freshly stripped eggs (<i>p</i> > 0.05) (Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test). Early-stage development was normal in controls, suggesting a balance between ROS and SOD. This was, however upset in treatments, leading to deleterious effects on early-stage development. GBHs pose a greater risk to fish reproduction, varying in severity with the formulation. This should be considered in regulations for their use in aquatic and riparian environments, balancing herbicide effectiveness with the risk of aquatic toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9102995"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Poisonings in the Fez-Meknes Region Reported to the Poison Control and Pharmacovigilance Center of Morocco: A 20-Year Retrospective Study.","authors":"Imane Iken, Naima Rhalem, Mohammed Abdessadek, Rachid Hmimou, Abdelmajid Soulaymani, Rachida Soulaymani Bencheikh","doi":"10.1155/jt/6015251","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jt/6015251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following our research on intoxication cases in Morocco, we conducted an investigation into intoxications in the Fez-Meknes region, one of the 12 regions in Morocco most affected by this problem. The main aim of this study is to report the characteristics of intoxication cases and their management. We deemed it necessary to carry out this study to identify the specificities of the Fez-Meknes region and subsequently propose specific measures to minimize risks. Our registry data were based on intoxication cases reported between 1999 and 2018 by the Poison and Pharmacovigilance Center of Morocco (PPCM). During the study period, 23,550 cases were collected. The median age of the patients was 20 years, with extremes ranging from 1 day to 98 years. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.67. Gaseous compounds were the most incriminated products, accounting for 36.6% of cases. Among the 18,192 patients with a known outcome, 242 cases resulted in death, representing a case fatality rate of 1.3%. The findings of this work provide the first contributions to current data on the epidemiology of intoxications in the Fez-Meknes region over the last 20 years. These data show that intoxications are frequent and of moderate severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6015251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of Methotrexate-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Male Wistar Rats by Gallic Acid: The Role of HGF and C-Met Genes.","authors":"Reza Norouzirad, Khashayar Zahedi, Mohammad Mehdi Behvandi, Abbas Moridnia, Susan Sabbagh","doi":"10.1155/jt/9990692","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jt/9990692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Gastrointestinal mucositis (GI-M) is the most common adverse effect of methotrexate (MTX). Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenolic component rich in green tea, gall nuts, hops, grapes, and oak bark and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim was to investigate the impact of GA on proinflammatory cytokines, expression level of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and C-met genes, and histopathological alterations of MTX-induced GI-M in rats. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, GA, MTX, and MTX + GA. Mucositis was induced in the experimental groups (MTX and MTX + GA) through three intradermal injections (the third to fifth days) of 2.5 mg/kg MTX in the suprascapular region. The GA group received 100 mg/kg GA via gavage, while the control group received normal saline by gavage (7 continuous days) and via intradermal injection (the third to fifth days) in the suprascapular region. The intestinal jejunal tissue and serum were analyzed for HGF and C-met mRNA expression, as well as levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β). In addition, a histopathological study was to eperformedvaluate the villi of mucosa and fibrosis of submucosal layers. <b>Results:</b> Decreased levels of HGF and C-met gene expression in the MTX group were significantly increased by GA administration (<i>p</i> < 0.05). GA administration decreased the elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-1β (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the MTX group. Histopathological findings showed an adverse effect of MTX in mucosa which was relatively ameliorated in the MTX + GA ones. <b>Conclusion:</b> GA could increase HGF and C-met expression, decrease inflammatory cytokines, and improve histological injuries, affected by MTX, indicating a beneficial role for GA following GI-M.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9990692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin E Attenuating Effects Against the Impact of the Herbicide Atrazine on the Diaphragm Muscle of Male Wistar Rats.","authors":"Felipe Cantore Tiburcio, Viviane da Silva Martins Lopes Correa, Kevin Silva Muller, Ana Paula Silveira Leite, Carina Guidi Pinto, Fabio Anselmo, Antonio Francisco Godinho, Carlos Roberto Padovani, Ana Angelica Henrique Fernandes, Shelly Favorito de Carvalho, Selma Maria Michelin Matheus","doi":"10.1155/jt/7995780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jt/7995780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrazine is an herbicide associated with respiratory disorders and the presence of oxidative stress, which can be reversed by association with antioxidant compounds, such as vitamin E. This study aimed to investigate the impact of atrazine (AZ) on the male rat diaphragm muscle and the attenuating effects of vitamin E. Fifty-two male rats were received for 28 days by gavage (<i>n</i> = 13/group): C (control), corn oil; AZ (100 mg/kg); AZE, AZ (100 mg/kg) and vitamin E (200 mg/kg); E, vitamin E (200 mg/kg). Both oxidative stress analysis and morphological analysis of the diaphragm muscle, neuromuscular junction (NMJ), and phrenic nerve were performed. Exposure to AZ caused oxidative stress in muscle fibers, as evidenced by the highest lipid hydroperoxide, and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity values in the AZ group. However, in the AZE group, these values were like those of the C group. The area and diameter of the muscle fiber were only larger in the E group. Exposure to AZ caused oxidative stress in the diaphragm muscle, but vitamin E attenuated these alterations and protected muscle fibers from the oxidative damage. Therefore, vitamin E may serve as a useful attenuating agent against AZ-induced oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7995780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Safety of Combined Therapy, <i>Croton membranaceus</i> and Tamsulosin, in the Self-Prescribed Treatment Protocol for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.","authors":"Cosmos Gborsong, George A Asare, Robert A Ngala, Christian Obirikorang, Josephine Ablakwa, Bernice Asiedu, Samuel Adjei, Osei Afriyie, Daniel Afriyie, Mokbul Hossain, Munmun Pervin, Md Mahmudul Alam, Mst Antora Akter, Mohammed Habibur Rahman","doi":"10.1155/jt/5574491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jt/5574491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The safety of combining tamsulosin (an allopathic drug) and <i>Croton membranaceus</i> aqueous extract, a medicinal plant for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), was investigated. <b>Methods:</b> The roots of <i>CM</i> were used and processed into a water extract by maceration and decoction. Thirty-five Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups of five rats each. Groups 2-7 were orchidectomy/testosterone injections BPH-induced. Group 1 was designated as the control group. Group 2 was designated as the model group (untreated). Group 3 was treated with 0.03 mg/kg b.wt. of tamsulosin. Group 4 received 30 mg/kg b.wt. of <i>CM</i> (low dose [LD]). Group 5 received 300 mg/kg b.wt. of <i>CM</i> (high dose [HD]); Group 6 received 0.03 mg/kg b.wt. of tamsulosin plus 30 mg/kg b.wt. of <i>CM</i>. Group 7 received 0.03 mg/kg b.wt. plus 300 mg/kg b.wt. of <i>CM</i>. Tamsulosin and <i>CM</i> were administered by oral gavage for 28 days. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, renal and liver function tests, and histology were assessed. <b>Results:</b> PSA decreased after treatment with LD <i>CM</i> (0.44 ± 0.03 ng/mL) and tamsulosin (0.43 ± 0.04 ng/mL) combined, compared with the control group (0.63 ± 0.03 ng/mL) (<i>p</i> < 0.006). Prostate gland/accessory organ weights were as follows: tamsulosin < <i>CM</i> LD < <i>CM</i> HD/T < <i>CM</i> LD/T < <i>CM</i> HD < model. In the <i>CM</i> LD/T group, the acini appeared empty and the acini fluid contained fatty droplets with a slender outer boundary that had very little active mucous surface. At a higher dose, <i>CM</i> HD/T caused a reduction in the sizes and shapes of active acini with most being empty and having little active mucous surfaces. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results suggest that the combination of <i>C. membranaceus</i> and tamsulosin does not provide additional therapeutic benefits for treating BPH. Relative organ weights provide a better evaluation metric than total organ weights.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5574491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}