Journal of Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Subacute Hepatotoxicity of Extracts of <i>Senna occidentalis</i> Seeds in Swiss Albino Mice.","authors":"Egziharia Mokonen Gebrezgi,&nbsp;Mebrahtom Gebrelibanos Hiben,&nbsp;Kidanemariam Gaim Kidanu,&nbsp;Amanuel Tesfay Tsegay","doi":"10.1155/2020/8843044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8843044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Senna occidentalis</i> is potentially toxic to humans and animals. Its seeds are crop contaminant weeds in some localities where liver disease is prevalent. This study assessed the subacute hepatotoxicity of <i>S. occidentalis</i> seeds in mice model. Three groups of female Swiss Albino mice (25-28 g, aged 8-10 weeks) received distilled water (control), 400, and 1000 mg/kg extract of <i>S. occidentalis</i> seed, respectively. At the end of the study, body weight and liver organ weight were recorded, and tissue and blood samples were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the extract treated groups, at both doses, showed significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) decrease in mean body weight gain in the fourth week of the experiment. Besides, the extract treated groups showed significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) elevation of liver enzyme markers: alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Also, histopathological examinations of liver tissue showed moderate microvesicular steatosis of hepatocytes and mild inflammation in the 400 mg/kg treated group as well as marked micro- and macrovesicular steatosis, focal area necrosis, and periportal inflammation with mononuclear cell infiltration in the 1000 mg/kg treated group. Thus, these findings show that <i>S. occidentalis</i> seeds exhibit hepatotoxicity in mice, characterized by changes in liver tissue architecture and liver enzyme levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8843044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8843044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38460652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Determination of Genotoxicity Induced by Brackets Alloys in Cultures of Human Gingival Fibroblasts.","authors":"Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Ildelfonso Lastra-Corso,&nbsp;José Obed García-Cortés,&nbsp;Alejandra Loyola-Leyva,&nbsp;Rúben Abraham Domínguez-Pérez,&nbsp;David Avila-Arizmendi,&nbsp;Guillermo Contreras-Palma,&nbsp;Cecilia González-Calixto","doi":"10.1155/2020/1467456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1467456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orthodontic brackets release ions that can be reabsorbed in the oral mucosa, potentially causing complications, including cytotoxic effects and mutagenic alterations. The aim was to evaluate the genotoxicity induced by orthodontic appliance alloys in cultures of human gingival fibroblasts by comet assay. Eluates were obtained from the following brackets alloys: EconoLine (SS: stainless steel), MiniMirage (Ni-Ti: nickel-titanium), Nu-Edge (Co-Cr: cobalt-chromium), In-Vu (PC-polycrystals (PC) aluminum oxide), and Monocrystal IZE (monocrystalline (MC) aluminum oxide). Each bracket was sterilized and exposed to a corrosive process for 35 days. The obtained eluates were tested for genotoxicity of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFA) by the alkaline comet assay. All study groups showed genotoxic effects; there was a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) among groups. The eluates obtained from Ni-Ti showed a 16-times greater genotoxic effect. There were differences in genotoxicity after comparing the Ni-Ti with SS (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and Co-Cr brackets (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The ceramic was more genotoxic than metallic brackets (SS and Co-Cr), but less than the Ni-Ti. This <i>in vitro</i> model will be useful for further study of early DNA damage caused by brackets and other biomaterials used in the oral cavity before their introduction into the clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1467456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1467456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38858950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal Abnormalities in <i>Allium cepa</i> Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations.","authors":"W M Dimuthu Nilmini Wijeyaratne,&nbsp;P G Minola Udayangani Wickramasinghe","doi":"10.1155/2020/8814196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8814196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appropriate effluent treatment processes are expected to significantly reduce the toxicity of effluents before they are released to the natural environment. The present study was aimed to assess the spatial and temporal variations of the physical and chemical water quality parameters of a natural water body receiving treated textile effluents and to assess the chromosomal abnormalities induced by the treated textile effluents. Four sampling sites (A: effluent discharge point; B: 100 m downstream from site A along the tributary; C: 200 m downstream from site A along the tributary; D: 100 m upstream from site A along the tributary) were selected associated to a tributary that received treated textile effluent. The physical and chemical water quality parameters were measured in the composite water samples collected from the study sites, and <i>Allium cepa</i> bioassay was conducted using aged tap water as the control. Sampling was conducted in both rainy and dry seasons. The conductivity, TDS, COD, and colour intensity of the water samples collected from the study sites were significantly higher during the dry season compared to those in the rainy season. <i>Allium cepa</i> root meristematic cells exposed to water samples from sites A, B, and C showed a significantly high interphase and prophase indices compared to those exposed to aged tap water and upstream site during both rainy and dry seasons. The mitotic index of the root tip cells of <i>Allium cepa</i> bulbs exposed to the water samples collected from the effluent discharge point (site A) and from the 100 m downstream site from site A (site B) was significantly lower than that of the other sites in both rainy and dry seasons. However, the mitotic index of the root tip cells of <i>Allium cepa</i> bulbs exposed to the water samples from the upstream site was not significantly different from that of the control treatment during both sampling seasons. The bioassay indicated that the mitotic index and phase index of the root meristematic cells of <i>Allium cepa</i> can be affected by the treated textile effluents released to the water body and the occurrence of C metaphase, chromosomal adherence, bridges, disturbed anaphase, vagrant chromosomes, and chromosomal breaks indicated that the treated textile effluent receiving tributary can possibly contain genotoxic and mutagenic compounds which can induce chromosomal abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8814196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8814196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38293158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycotoxins Detection and Fungal Contamination in Black and Green Tea by HPLC-Based Method.","authors":"K Pakshir,&nbsp;Z Mirshekari,&nbsp;H Nouraei,&nbsp;Z Zareshahrabadi,&nbsp;K Zomorodian,&nbsp;H Khodadadi,&nbsp;A Hadaegh","doi":"10.1155/2020/2456210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2456210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fungal contamination and total aflatoxins (AF) and ochratoxin A (OTA) of tea samples were examined. A total of 60 tea samples were extracted and treated with immunoaffinity columns. The amount of AF and OTA were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FD). Tea samples were cultured and the fungi were identified. The results showed that 24 (40%) samples were contaminated with AFs and none of the tea samples were above the acceptable limit of AFs (≥10 <i>μ</i>g/kg). All of the samples were contaminated with OTA where only 3 black tea samples (6.6%) and 1 green tea sample (6.7%) were detected to have more than the standard limits of toxin (10 <i>μ</i>g·kg^-1). The mean concentration of OTA in the black tea was higher than green tea. <i>Aspergillus niger</i> was the predominant fungi isolated from black and green tea samples. Considering the high contamination of mycotoxins in tea samples, regular monitoring in the tea process for improving quality is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"2456210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/2456210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38293157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute, Subacute, and Genotoxicity Assessments of a Proprietary Blend of <i>Garcinia mangostana</i> Fruit Rind and <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> Leaf Extracts (CinDura®).","authors":"Sundararaju Dodda,&nbsp;Venkata Krishnaraju Alluri,&nbsp;Trimurtulu Golakoti,&nbsp;Krishanu Sengupta","doi":"10.1155/2020/1435891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1435891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present communication describes a battery of toxicity studies that include an acute oral toxicity, a subacute twenty-eight-day repeated oral dose toxicity, and genotoxicity studies on a herbal formulation CinDura® (GMCT). This proprietary herbal composition contains the extracts of the <i>Garcinia mangostana</i> fruit rind (GM) and the <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> leaf (CT). The toxicological evaluations were performed following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The acute oral toxicity study in Wistar rats suggests that the median lethal dose of CinDura® is at least 2000 mg/kg body weight. Acute dermal and eye irritation tests in New Zealand white rabbits indicate that the test item is nonirritant to the skin and eyes. A twenty-eight-day repeated dose oral toxicity study was conducted in male and female Wistar rats using daily doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, followed by a fourteen-day reversal period for two satellite groups. The CinDura®-supplemented animals did not show any sign of toxicity on their body weights, organ weights, and on the hematobiochemical parameters. The gross pathology and histopathological examinations indicated no treatment-related changes in the experimental animals. Overall, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the herbal blend is 1000 mg/kg body weight, the highest tested dose. Also, the results of the bacterial reverse mutation test and the erythrocyte micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow suggest that CinDura® (GMCT) is neither mutagenic nor clastogenic.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1435891"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1435891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38268403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of DPPD on Mercury Chloride-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Rats.","authors":"Ahmed Nabil,&nbsp;Mohamed M Elshemy,&nbsp;Medhat Asem,&nbsp;Heba F Gomaa","doi":"10.1155/2020/4127284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4127284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercury is a global environmental pollutant, accumulating mainly in the kidney and liver inducing hepatorenal toxicity, oxidative stress, and tissue damage. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between free radicals' production and cellular antioxidant defense systems. In the present study, we investigated the effect of N N'-diphenyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine (DPPD) antioxidant activity against mercury chloride- (HgCl₂-) induced renal and hepatic toxicity. Thirty adult female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three equal groups: the first group was injected with saline only and served as a control, the second group was injected with HgCl₂, and the third group received DPPD + HgCl₂ rats injected with HgCl₂ without treatment showing a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, creatinine, and uric acids compared to control. Moreover, the second group showed a significant reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH)) in addition to a marked increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, histopathological alterations, collagen deposition, CD8%, CD4%, and TGF-<i>β</i>% in kidney and liver tissues compared with the control group. Treatment with DPPD showed significant recovery (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) in all previous parameters and histopathological examination. In conclusion, we suggested that DPPD may have a promising antioxidant capacity, gives it the applicability to be used as a prophylactic agent against mercury-induced hepatorenal cytotoxicity in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"4127284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/4127284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38210429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Clerodendrum volubile</i> Ethanol Leaf Extract: A Potential Antidote to Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats.","authors":"Olufunke Esan Olorundare, Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye, Akinyele Olubiyi Akinsola, Daniel Ayodele Sanni, Mamoru Koketsu, Hasan Mukhtar","doi":"10.1155/2020/8859716","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/8859716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Doxorubicin is widely applied in hematological and solid tumor treatment but limited by its off-target cardiotoxicity. Thus, cardioprotective potential and mechanism(s) of <i>CVE</i> in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity were investigated using cardiac and oxidative stress markers and histopathological endpoints. 50-400 mg/kg/day <i>CVE</i> in 5% DMSO in distilled water were investigated in Wistar rats intraperitoneally injected with 2.5 mg/kg DOX on alternate days for 14 days, using serum troponin I and LDH, complete lipid profile, cardiac tissue oxidative stress marker assays, and histopathological examination of DOX-treated cardiac tissue. Preliminary qualitative and quantitative assays of <i>CVE</i>'s secondary metabolites were also conducted. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of flavonoids (34.79 ± 0.37 mg/100 mg dry extract), alkaloids (36.73 ± 0.27 mg/100 mg dry extract), reducing sugars (07.78 ± 0.09 mg/100 mg dry extract), and cardiac glycosides (24.55 ± 0.12 mg/100 mg dry extract). 50-400 mg/kg/day <i>CVE</i> significantly attenuated increases in the serum LDH and troponin I levels. Similarly, the <i>CVE</i> dose unrelatedly decreased serum TG and VLDL-c levels without significant alterations in the serum TC, HDL-c, and LDL-c levels. Also, <i>CVE</i> profoundly attenuated alterations in the cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers' activities while improving DOX-associated cardiac histological lesions that were possibly mediated via free radical scavenging and/or antioxidant mechanisms. Overall, <i>CVE</i> may play a significant therapeutic role in the management of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8859716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7355376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38194751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plants Used in Antivenom Therapy in Rural Kenya: Ethnobotany and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Timothy Omara","doi":"10.1155/2020/1828521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1828521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snake envenomation is one of the neglected tropical diseases which has left an intolerable death toll and severe socioeconomic losses in Kenya. In a continued effort to identify some antiophidic East African botanical species, this study generated ethnobotanical information on antivenom plants reported in Kenya, with a view to identify potential species which could be subjected to <i>in vitro</i> and clinical studies for possible development into antivenoms. Data retrieved through searches done in multidisciplinary databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scientific Electronic Library Online) indicated that 54 plant species belonging to 45 genera, distributed among 27 families, are used for the management of snakebites in Kenya. Most species belonged to the family Asteraceae (11%), Malvaceae (11%), Fabaceae (9%), Annonaceae (6%), Combretaceae (6%), and Lamiaceae (6%). The main growth habit of the species is as herbs (35%), shrubs (33%), and trees (28%). Ethnomedicinal preparations used in treating snake poisons are usually from leaves (48%), roots (26%), and stem bark (8%) through decoctions, infusions, powders, and juices which are applied topically or administered orally. The most frequently encountered species were <i>Combretum collinum</i>, <i>Euclea divinorum, Fuerstia africana</i>, <i>Grewia fallax</i>, <i>Microglossa pyrifolia</i>, <i>Solanecio mannii</i>, and <i>Solanum incanum</i>. Indigenous knowledge on medicinal antivenom therapy in Kenya is humongous, and therefore studies to isolate and evaluate the antivenom compounds in the claimed plants are required to enable their confident use in antivenom therapy alongside commercial antivenin sera.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1828521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1828521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38114048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Scenario of Acute Poisoning in Jashore, Bangladesh.","authors":"G K Acherjya,&nbsp;M Ali,&nbsp;A B M S Alam,&nbsp;M M Rahman,&nbsp;S G M Mowla","doi":"10.1155/2020/2109673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2109673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute poisoning is a common scenario in the emergency department of any general hospital globally, but its pattern may vary in different parts of the world and even may be a different regional variation in the same country.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our recent study aims to assess the demographic characteristics, psychological aspect, pattern, and treatment outcome in different acute poisoning.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the medicine department of Jashore Medical College and Hospital from 1^st January to 30^th June 2018, which recruited 487 eligible cases of admitted acute poisoning patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study reveals that the total incidence of acute poisoning in Jashore, Bangladesh, is 17.1 per 100,000 populations over a 6-month period. The mean age of our study population was 27 ± 11 (SD) years with having significant female preponderance in acute poisoning (female: 253/52% and male: 234/48%; <i>p</i> = 0.002). Female subjects were significantly younger than male (<i>p</i> <0.001). Moreover, the total suicidal intension of acute poisoning in our study was 97.3%, whereas the female subjects were more committed to suicidal attempts (<i>p</i> = 0.027). Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) were the significant leading agents (66.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.029) of acute poisoning, and even, it had been significantly used as suicidal intention of poisoning substance (65.1%, <i>p</i> <0.001) in our observation. Muslim (97.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.005), 10-29 year age group (68.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.002), rural (99.2%), unmarried (51.3%), middle class (50.1%), students (48.9%), and secondary educational background population (76.4%) were more victimized of acute poisoning. Among different factors, familial disharmony constituted of 56.1% cases of suicidal attempt in acute poisoning. Finally, we had observed that the death incidence by acute poisoning in Jashore, Bangladesh, was 1.9 per 100,000 population over a 6-month period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The recent study reveals that there is high incidence of acute poisoning in Jashore, Bangladesh, with a significant amount of death toll. Organophosphorus compound is the most common agent of deliberating self-poisoning in our study due to its easy availability in our agriculture-based community.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"2109673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/2109673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38022541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Pituranthos chloranthus</i> Oil as an Antioxidant-Based Adjuvant Therapy against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity.","authors":"Aida Lahmar,&nbsp;Zaineb Dhaouefi,&nbsp;Rihab Khlifi,&nbsp;Fairouz Sioud,&nbsp;Leila Chekir- Ghedira","doi":"10.1155/2020/7054534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7054534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The therapeutic outcome of cisplatin is limited due to its adverse side effects in normal tissues. Despite its potent antineoplastic effect, cisplatin is known by a relevant collateral action, for instance, acute renal failure. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of <i>Pituranthos chloranthus</i> (PC) essential oil for contracting cisplatin-induced toxicity, in Balb/c mice. The standard mouse model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), consisting of one intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg), was adopted. Mice were pretreated by intraperitoneal administration of PC (5 and 10 mg/Kg b.w) for one week. Cisplatin induced alteration in renal and liver functions, evidenced by increased serum biomarkers levels (creatinine, ALT, and AST). Significant mitigation of cisplatin-induced toxicity was confirmed by lowered levels of serum biomarkers and reduced DNA damage in liver and kidney. PC also restored the alterations in oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokine IFN-<i>γ</i> level. Overall, this study provides, for the first time, that PC can be applied as an antioxidant-adjuvant treatment to mitigate cisplatin-induced renal failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"7054534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/7054534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38022542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}