Journal of Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicological Evaluation of <i>Avicennia africana</i> P: Beauv. (Avicenniaceae) Leaf Extract in a Rat Model.","authors":"Mustapha A Ahmed,&nbsp;Elvis O Ameyaw,&nbsp;Francis Ackah-Armah,&nbsp;Desmond O Acheampong,&nbsp;Peter K Gathumbi,&nbsp;Michael B Adinortey,&nbsp;George Ghartey-Kwansah,&nbsp;Hope R Otsyina,&nbsp;Christian K Adokoh","doi":"10.1155/2022/3434383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3434383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Avicennia africana</i> is an important ethnomedicinal plant that has long been used to treat malaria and several other diseases. Despite the plant's antimalarial and other therapeutic properties, there is limited evidence-based data on its potential toxicity. Hence, the purpose of the current study was to assess the safety of <i>A. africana</i> leaf ethanolic extract (AAE). The study was designed to ascertain the cytotoxic effects of the crude extract on red blood cells (RBCs) as well as the acute and subacute toxicity in Wistar albino rats in accordance with Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines \"Test No. 423\" and CPMW/SWP/1042/99. The pulverized, shade-dried plant leaves were sequentially macerated with 70% ethanol to obtain the crude extract (AAE). The extract's cytotoxic activity (CC₅₀) against the uninfected human red blood cells (RBCs) was determined using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. For the acute toxicity studies, the rats (male and female) were divided randomly into six groups of five rats (<i>n</i> = 5) and dosed orally once with the following dose levels: 100, 300, 1000, 3000, and 5000 mgkg^-1, p.o. of the extracted AAE, with the control group receiving only the vehicle. In the repeated dose toxicity studies, the rats (both sexes) were orally administered daily with AAE at 100, 300, and 1000 mgkg^-1 for 14 days. Rat body weights were measured, and blood samples were tested for haematological and biochemical markers. Internal organs like the heart, kidney, liver, and spleen were collected, inspected, and weighed, and histological examinations were performed. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) value is greater than 5000 mgkg^-1 body weight, with no significant change in bodyweight or relative organ weight (ROWs) of the extract-treated groups or control group. The extract showed greater cytotoxicity activity (CC₅₀), which was >100 <i>μ</i>g/mL, compared to the reference drug (artesunate).The dosage groups of 100 and 300 mgkg^-1bwt had neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, changes in these haematological parameters may not be dose dependent and could be stress related. All the serum biochemical markers studied in rats given AAE did not show any significant change (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Histopathological examination of internal organs of AAE-treated rats did not show any significant abnormalities resulting from the extract treatment compared to the control group. Based on the findings in the present study, the LD50 value of AAE was found to exceed 5000 mgkg^-1 in the acute toxicity test, while the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in rats was 1000 mgkg^-1 p.o. In the sub-acute toxicity tests. Histopathological analysis revealed no morphological abnormalities in the vital organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"3434383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9663239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40493291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Organophosphorus (OPs) and Carbamate (CBs) Residues in Cultured Pangas Catfish (<i>Pangasius pangasius</i>) and Health Risk Assessment.","authors":"G M M Anwarul Hasan,&nbsp;Anuj Kumer Das,&nbsp;Mohammed A Satter,&nbsp;Md Asif","doi":"10.1155/2022/4644227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4644227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, the presence of organophosphorus (OPs) and carbamates (CBs) residues in the pond water and cultured Pangas catfish (<i>Pangasius pangasius</i>) samples collected from Comilla and Mymensingh areas were detected and assessed for their potential health risks. A total of 100 samples from each category were analysed among which 17% of the pond water samples and 9% of the fish samples were detected contaminated with OP and CB residues. The pond water and fish samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction, and ultrasonic extraction, respectively, and analysed through gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Among the detected OPs, Dursban (chlorpyrifos) and dichlorvos were detected, while among CB pesticides, carbofuran and sevin (Carbaryl) were detected in fish muscle samples. The detected OP and CB residual levels were below than the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The risk assessment study indicated no potential health risks. However, the level of compliance should be maintained through proper monitoring and controlling the overuse of pesticides in agricultural fields for public health safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"4644227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9629955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40449211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Protective Effects of Carvacrol on Haloperidol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes.","authors":"Ehsan Zamani,&nbsp;Alireza Ahmadi Shad,&nbsp;Hediye Fatemi,&nbsp;Saba Mahboubi,&nbsp;Azadeh Motavallian,&nbsp;Mehdi Evazalipour","doi":"10.1155/2022/9565881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9565881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haloperidol is a first-generation antipsychotic drug that has several indications in a wide range of mental conditions. The extensive prescription of haloperidol is correlated with some less-known adverse effects such as genotoxicity. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid mainly found in oregano and thyme. It has the potential to scavenge free radicals in addition to increasing antioxidant defense enzyme activities and glutathione levels. In this study, we attempted to explore the possible potential of haloperidol in inducing genotoxicity in human peripheral lymphocytes as well as the protective role of carvacrol against this effect. The lymphocytes were divided into separate groups as follows: control group (cosolvent and NS); carvacrol group (5 <i>μ</i>M); haloperidol group (25, 50, and 100 ng/ml); haloperidol (25, 50, and 100 ng/ml) + carvacrol (5 <i>μ</i>M); positive control (0.8 <i>μ</i>g/ml Cisplatin). After 24 hours of treatment, we conducted a cytokinesis-Block micronucleus test and an alkaline comet assay in order to determine genetic damage. Additionally, we measured glutathione and MDA levels as the biomarkers associated with oxidative stress. Significant increases in the levels of genotoxicity biomarkers (micronucleus frequency, DNA percentage in tail and tail moment) were observed in haloperidol-treated cells. The result of our oxidative stress tests also demonstrated that haloperidol had the potential to induce oxidative stress via reducing the levels of glutathione and increasing lipid peroxidation. Treatment with carvacrol significantly decreased the genotoxic events. It can be presumed that the induction of oxidative stress by haloperidol is the critical event associated with haloperidol-mediated genotoxicity. Therefore, using carvacrol as a natural antioxidant protected human lymphocytes against haloperidol genetic damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"9565881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9626238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40446198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teratogenic Evaluation of 80% Ethanol Extract of <i>Embelia schimperi</i> Vatke Fruits on Rat Embryo and Fetuses.","authors":"Zelalem Animaw,&nbsp;Kaleab Asres,&nbsp;Selamawit Tadesse,&nbsp;Hirut Basha,&nbsp;Samson Taye,&nbsp;Abiy Abebe,&nbsp;Eyob Debebe,&nbsp;Girma Seyoum","doi":"10.1155/2022/4310521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4310521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Embelia schimperi</i> Vatke (family <i>Myrsinaceae</i>) is a commonly consumed anthelminthic plant in Ethiopia. The plant has significant efficacy in treating intestinal worms. However, there are limited data about the safety/toxicity of the plant. Moreover, the teratogenic effect of the plant is not yet well studied despite significant number of Ethiopian mothers consuming herbal medication during their pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the teratogenic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of <i>E. schimperi</i> fruit on rat embryos and fetuses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnant albino Wistar rats were treated with 80% hydroalcoholic fruit extract of <i>E. schimperi</i> at 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg dosage, whilst the controls were pair-fed and ad libitum groups. Maternal food intake, maternal weight gain, number of implantations, number of prior resorptions, fetal viability, fetal weight, fetal and embryonic crown-ramp length, placental weight, placental gross morphology and histopathology of placental tissue, number of somites, embryonic system, gross/visceral morphological malformations, and ossification centers were evaluated as teratogenicity indices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The crude extract of <i>E. schimperi</i> did not exhibit a significant difference in most developmental indices including the development of a circulatory system, nervous system, and musculoskeletal systems among treated animals and the controls. However, histopathological evaluation of placentas from the treatment groups showed that inflammatory reactions and calcifications compared to the pair-fed and ad libitum controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Administration of the 80% hydroalcoholic extract of <i>E. schimperi</i> fruit during the period of organogenesis in rats did not show a significant toxic effect on embryonic and fetal developmental indices. However, it might affect the structural integrity of the placenta as it is evidenced by inflammatory reactions and calcifications of decidua basalis of rat placenta.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"4310521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9617728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40657942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxicity of Particulate Matter PM₁₀ Samples from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.","authors":"Joelle Nicole Guissou,&nbsp;Isabelle Baudrimont,&nbsp;Abdoul Karim Ouattara,&nbsp;Jacques Simpore,&nbsp;Jean Sakande","doi":"10.1155/2022/1786810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1786810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Particulate matter (PM) is one of the main air pollutants with 257,000 deaths per year in Africa. Studying their toxic mechanisms of action could provide a better understanding of their effects on the population health. The objective of this study was to describe the PM₁₀ toxic mechanism of action collected in 3 districts of Ouagadougou. Once per month and per site between November 2015 and February 2016, PM₁₀ was sampled for 24 hours using the MiniVol TAS (AirMetrics, Eugene, USA). The collected filters were then stored in Petri dishes at room temperature for in vitro toxicological studies using human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) at the Bordeaux INSERM-U1045 Cardio-thoracic Research Center. The three study districts were classified based on PM₁₀ level (high, intermediate, and low, respectively, for districts 2, 3, and 4). PM₁₀ induced a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed at 1 <i>µ</i>g/cm², 10 <i>µ</i>g/cm², and 25 <i>µ</i>g/cm² for, respectively, districts 2, 3, and 4. A significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed at 10 <i>µ</i>g/cm² for district 2 versus 5 <i>µ</i>g/cm² and 1 <i>µ</i>g/cm² for districts 3 and 4, respectively. Finally, a significant production of IL-6 was recorded from 5 <i>µ</i>g/cm² for district 4 versus 10 <i>µ</i>g/cm² for districts 2 and 3. Consequently, Ouagadougou is subjected to PM₁₀ pollution, which can induce a significant production of ROS and IL-6 to cause adverse effects on the health of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1786810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9616664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40670437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity of Usnic Acid: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Nicoletta Croce,&nbsp;Michele Pitaro,&nbsp;Valentina Gallo,&nbsp;Giovanni Antonini","doi":"10.1155/2022/8244340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8244340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Usnic acid (UA) is a dibenzofuran derivative naturally present in lichens, organisms resulting from the symbiosis between a fungus and a cyanobacterium, or an alga. UA shows antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory as well as UV-protective activities. Its use as pharmacological agent is widely described in traditional medicine, and in the past few years, the product has been marketed as a food supplement for the induction of weight loss. However, the development of severe hepatotoxicity in a limited number of subjects prompted the FDA to issue a warning letter, which led to the withdrawal of the product from the market in November 2001. Data published in literature on UA toxicology, genotoxicity, mutagenesis, and teratogenicity have been reviewed, as well as the case reports of subjects who developed hepatotoxicity following oral administration of UA as a slimming agent. Finally, we reviewed the most recent studies on the topical use of UA, as well as studies aimed at improving UA pharmacologic activity and reducing toxicity. Indeed, advancements in this field of research could open the possibility to reintroduce the use of UA as therapeutical agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"8244340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40670438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Developmental Toxicity and Histopathological Changes of the Placenta Induced by <i>Syzygium guineense</i> Leaf Extract in Rats.","authors":"Melese Shenkut Abebe,&nbsp;Kaleab Asres,&nbsp;Yonas Bekuretsion,&nbsp;Samuel Woldekidan,&nbsp;Bihonegn Sisay,&nbsp;Girma Seyoum","doi":"10.1155/2022/5209136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5209136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many of the traditional herbal products are served to the consumer without proper efficacy and safety investigations. A laboratory-based experimental study was employed to investigate the toxic effects of <i>Syzygium guineense</i> leaf extract on the fetal development and histopathology of the placenta in rats. Fifty pregnant Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into five groups, each consisting of 10 rats. <i>S. guineense</i> leaf extract, at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of body weight, was respectively administered to groups I-III rats. Groups four and five were control and <i>ad libitum</i> control, respectively. The number of resorptions, implantation sites, and live or dead fetuses was counted. The weight and crown-rump length of the fetuses were measured. The histopathological investigation of the placenta was conducted. Administration of 70% ethanol extract of <i>S. guineense</i> leaves reduced weight gain and food intake of pregnant rats at <i>p</i> value <0.05. The crown-rump length of the near-term rat fetus was significantly reduced in rats treated with 1000 mg/kg body weight of <i>S. guineense</i> extract (<i>p</i> value <0.05). The plant extract did not affect the number of implantations, fetal resorptions, live births, and stillbirths. The weight of the fetuses and the placentae also decreased dose-dependently. Decidual cystic degeneration was the most prevalent histopathological change observed in a rat's placenta treated with 1000 mg/kg body weight of <i>S. guineense</i> extract. Consumption of <i>S. guineense</i> leaves, especially at a high dose, may affect fetal development. Therefore, liberal use of <i>S. guineense</i> leaves during pregnancy should be avoided.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"5209136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9578917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40576892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Difference in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Laboratory and Clinical Findings.","authors":"Fatemeh Eshraghi-Jazi,&nbsp;Mehdi Nematbakhsh","doi":"10.1155/2022/3507721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3507721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cisplatin (CP) as the most important anticancer drug has limited usage due to a lot of side effects such as nephrotoxicity. Additionally, nephrotoxicity is gender/sex-related. There is a variety of experimental studies in association with sex and CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Some studies have reported that female sex is resistant than male sex due to greater antioxidant defense and protective effects of estrogen in females. Other studies have indicated that males are less vulnerable than females due to CP high clearance. Also, various supplementations have revealed conflicting effects in males and females. It is uncovered that sex hormones have determinant roles on the conflicting effects. Some supplements could improve CP-induced nephrotoxicity, but several supplements intensified CP-induced nephrotoxicity, especially in female sex. On the other hand, major clinical studies introduced female gender as a risk factor of CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Although, rare studies evaluated the effect of various supplemental compounds on CP-induced nephrotoxicity in patients underwent CP therapy. Therefore, it requires further investigations to clarify the controversial subject of gender/sex and CP-induced nephrotoxicity in both clinic and laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"3507721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9576433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40657135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Coated Silver Nanoparticles on Cancerous vs. Healthy Cells.","authors":"Liubov Artiukh,&nbsp;Olga Povnitsa,&nbsp;Svitlana Zahorodnia,&nbsp;Calin V Pop,&nbsp;Nodari Rizun","doi":"10.1155/2022/1519104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1519104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unique properties of silver nanoparticles (NPs) ensure their wide applications, in biomedicine; for this reason, it is very important carefully to study the toxicity of such NPs. The influence of silver nanoparticles coated with natural resin (Ag NPs) on the morphological and functional features of healthy BHK-21 and cancerous Hep-2 cells were studied using fluorescence microscopy, MTT, and neutral red assays. Ag NPs induced morphological changes in both cell cultures. The modifications were dose-dependent and more pronounced with an increase in NPs concentration. The IC₅₀ value of Ag NPs for Hep-2 cells was found to be 2.19 ± 0.22 <i>µ</i>g/mL, whereas for BHK-21 cells it was significantly (5x) higher at 10.92 ± 2.48 <i>µ</i>g/mL. The use of NPs at a concentration close to IC₅₀ leads to significant increase (up to 40%) in the number of necrotic cells in cancerous cell population and a decrease in the number of mitotic cells (up to 1.3%). In noncancerous cells the cellular parameters were similar to the control cells. These data suggest that the silver nanoparticles coated with natural resin can be potentially used in cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1519104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9569232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40321620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence on the Heroin-Mediated Impairment of the Oxidative Status of Erythrocytes.","authors":"Mohammad A Bani-Ahmad,&nbsp;Ayman G Mustafa,&nbsp;Abdelraheem A Bani Ahmad,&nbsp;Islam E Alkhazali,&nbsp;Ahmad A Rahim","doi":"10.1155/2022/3996051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3996051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Away from hemorheological properties, the effect of heroin addiction on erythrocytes is poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the oxidative impacts of heroin administration on erythrocytes. Study subjects included chronic intravenous heroin addicts and control subjects. Hematological analysis and redox parameters were measured, including serum concentration of methemoglobin ([MethHb]), serum glutathione peroxidase-1 ([GPX-1]), serum glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, erythrocytic protein carbonyl content, and oxidized to reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio. Hematological analysis revealed that addicts had a significantly higher red cell distribution width, consistent with the mild anisocytosis and poikilocytosis of erythrocytes. As compared to control subjects, significantly higher levels of serum [Met-Hb], [GPX-1], and GPX activity (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were reported among addicted subjects. A significant association between [MetHb] and GPX activity was observed with <i>r</i> = 0.764 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, significantly higher erythrocytic protein carbonyl contents and GSSG/GSH ratio were evident among heroin addicts (<i>p</i> < 0.005) that were significantly associated with <i>r</i> = 0.429 (<i>p</i>=0.01). Results demonstrate preliminary evidence that heroin addiction is implicated in impaired redox status of erythrocytes. Considering the pharmacokinetics of heroin, erythrocytic antioxidant mechanisms, and turnover rate, further investigation is required to evaluate the extent and clinical outcomes, especially upon over-dose administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"3996051"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9534711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33497178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}