Mohamed Moharram Badawy, Mohsen M Elsherbiny, Gehad Elsaid Elshopakey, Asmaa Ezat Elsayyad, Mohammad Abd-El-Same'e El-Kattan, Mohamed G Hamama, Fatemah H Aldariweesh, Alaa Fehaid
{"title":"Potential Effects of Bisphenol A on the Heart and Coronary Artery of Adult Male Rats and the Possible Role of L-Carnitine.","authors":"Mohamed Moharram Badawy, Mohsen M Elsherbiny, Gehad Elsaid Elshopakey, Asmaa Ezat Elsayyad, Mohammad Abd-El-Same'e El-Kattan, Mohamed G Hamama, Fatemah H Aldariweesh, Alaa Fehaid","doi":"10.1155/2022/7760594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7760594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental toxin utilized for the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Due to BPA's extensive production and environmental contamination, human exposure is unavoidable. The effects of low-dose of BPA on various body tissues and organs remain controversial. Our study investigated the potential of BPA to induce biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes in the coronary artery and myocardium and the potential protective role of L-carnitine (LC). 24 adult Wistar albino male rats were divided equally into a control group, a BPA-treated group (40 mg/kg/d, by gavage for 4 weeks), and a BPA plus LC-treated group (received 40 mg/kg/d of BPA and 300 mg/kg/d of LC, by gavage for 4 weeks). BPA-exposed rats demonstrated structural anomalies in the coronary artery tissue including vacuolation of cells in the media and detachment of the endothelium of the intima. Congestion of blood vessels and infiltration by polynuclear cells were observed in the myocardium. There was an enhanced collagen deposition in both tissues indicating fibrosis. Immunohistochemical changes included enhanced eNOS and caspase-3 expression in the coronary artery and myocardium indicating vascular disease and apoptosis, respectively. Oxidative damage was evident in the coronary artery and the myocardium of BPA-treated rats, which was indicated by the reduced level of glutathione (GSH) and elevated malondydehyde (MDA) levels. The coadministration of LC significantly improved BPA-induced structural alterations and oxidative stress. In conclusion, BPA could potentially cause pathologic changes and oxidative damage in the coronary artery and myocardium, which could be improved by LC coadministration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"7760594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9807306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10856495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hepatorenal Protective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. against Paracetamol-Induced Toxicity in Mice.","authors":"Omid Rahimi, Nilufar Asadi Louie, Alireza Salehi, Firouz Faed Maleki","doi":"10.1155/2022/9091605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9091605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paracetamol (AKA acetaminophen) is a widely used drug and is used for mild to moderate pains, such as mild osteoarthritis, toothache, headache, and pain caused by minimally invasive surgeries. Despite being a harmless drug in lower doses, acetaminophen can be toxic to the liver and kidneys if overdosed and even results in death. In this study, the therapeutic effects of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. extract (SCE) were investigated. 48 adult male Swiss albino mice (20-30 grams) were randomly divided into six groups of 8. The control group was gavaged with normal saline every 12 hours for 6 days. The second group received paracetamol at a 500 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p) dose on the sixth day. The third, fourth, and fifth groups were gavaged doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of SCE every 12 hours for six days, respectively, and on the sixth day, we received paracetamol at a dose of 500 mg/kg i.p. The sixth group only received SCE every 12 hours at a dose of 1000 mg/kg via gavaging for six days. On the seventh day (24 hours after paracetamol injection), blood samples were collected to measure the serum level of creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total and direct bilirubin, and liver and kidney tissues were also sampled for histopathological examination. It was observed that paracetamol caused a considerable increase in the ALT, AST, ALP, uric Acid, and BUN levels (<i>P</i> < 0.01), while those in SCE-treated groups were significantly lower. In addition, various lesions in the paracetamol group were observed, while in the SCE-receiving groups, receiving prophylactic SCE inhibited the high-intense lesions such as the infiltration of inflammatory cells, hyperemia, and vacuolar degeneration, which decreased significantly in the control group in comparison with that of the paracetamol group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, SCE can have substantial protective effects against paracetamol's hepatorenal toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"9091605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9789909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10440407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sonicated Extract from the Aril of <i>Momordica Cochinchinensis</i> Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration in Aggressive Prostate Cancer Cells.","authors":"Seksom Chainumnim, Sunit Suksamrarn, Faongchat Jarintanan, Suchada Jongrungruangchok, Sivaporn Wannaiampikul, Wanlaya Tanechpongtamb","doi":"10.1155/2022/1149856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1149856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Momordica cochinchinensis</i> or gac fruit has been reported to have several biological activities, including antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. However, the effect on cancer cell metastasis has not been extensively studied. With this aim, the extract from the aril part was selected and investigated for prostate cancer cell migration. The aril extracts were prepared as boiled extract, sonicated extract, ethanol extract, and HAE (hexane:acetone:ethanol; 2 : 1 : 1) extract, while the prostate cancer cell models were PC-3 and LNCaP cells. An MTT assay was performed to compare the antiproliferative effect between prostate cancer cells and normal Vero cells. As a result, the sonicated extract had the highest efficiency in PC-3 cells, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 2 mg/mL and 0.59 mg/mL for 48 and 72 h, respectively, while it had less of an effect in LNCaP cells and was not toxic to normal cells. Cell damage was further confirmed using LDH and cell cycle analysis. As a result, the sonicated extract did not cause cell damage or death and only inhibited cell proliferation. The effect on cancer metastasis was further examined by wound healing, transwell migration assays, and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the sonicated extract inhibited PC-3 cell migration and decreased MMP-9 but increased TIMP-1 expression. All these results support that gac fruit is a valuable source for further development as an anticancer agent for prostate cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"1149856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9810401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10492850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yannick Carlos Tcheutchoua, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Yolande Sandrine Mengue Ngadena, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Pascal Emmanuel Owona, Ronald Bidingha Á Goufani, Rodrigue Ngapout Fifen, Lohik Mbolang Nguegan, Michel Noubom, Théophile Dimo, Pierre Kamtchouing
{"title":"Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Studies on the Aqueous Extract of the Plant Mixture (<i>Bidens pilosa</i> and <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> Aerial Parts) in Rat Model.","authors":"Yannick Carlos Tcheutchoua, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Yolande Sandrine Mengue Ngadena, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Pascal Emmanuel Owona, Ronald Bidingha Á Goufani, Rodrigue Ngapout Fifen, Lohik Mbolang Nguegan, Michel Noubom, Théophile Dimo, Pierre Kamtchouing","doi":"10.1155/2022/1998433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1998433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Bidens pilosa (B. pilosa)</i> and <i>Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus)</i> are plants used individually or in combination in the traditional treatment of several ailments such as cardiovascular disorders. In order to valorise their traditional use, a toxicological study was conducted on the aqueous extract of the mixture of aerial parts of <i>B. pilosa</i> and <i>C. citratus</i>. The acute and subchronic toxicity studies were conducted according to the OECD 425 and 407 guidelines. Regarding the acute study, the aqueous extract of the mixture of <i>B. pilosa</i> and <i>C. citratus</i> 50 : 50 (2000 and 5000 mg/kg) was administered once to rats of both sexes. In the subchronic study, the aqueous extract of the mixture of <i>B. pilosa</i> and <i>C. citratus</i> (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) was administered once daily to rats for 28 days. The aqueous extract of the mixture of <i>B. pilosa</i> and <i>C. citratus</i> (2000 and 5000 mg/kg) did not cause death and did not induce any apparent sign of toxicity during the 14 days of observation. The DL<sub>50</sub> of the extract is therefore greater than 5000 mg/kg. Taken daily for 28 days, the extract had no significant effect on selected parameters (creatinine, AST, ALT, urea, and uric acid) of renal and hepatic function, as well as on the number of some blood cells. However, the aqueous extract of the mixture of <i>B. pilosa</i> and <i>C. citratus</i> (200 and 400 mg/kg) caused a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively) decrease in creatinine levels in male rats as compared to normal control animals. In females, the aqueous extract of the mixture of <i>B. pilosa</i> and <i>C. citratus</i> (200 and 400 mg/kg) resulted in a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in total cholesterol levels as compared to normal control animals. The study showed that the aqueous extract of the mixture of <i>B. pilosa</i> and <i>C. citratus</i> has a low toxicity and does not cause any injury to the liver, kidney, lungs, or spleen.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"1998433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9733988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10332933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oluwatoyin O Ojo, Deborah I Fatokun, Ikechukwu P Ejidike, Rachel U Awolope, Saheed O Sanni
{"title":"Quercetin Zinc and Iron Metal Complexes Protect against Sodium Arsenite Intoxication in the Hepato-Renal System of Wistar Rats via the Oxidative Stress Pathway.","authors":"Oluwatoyin O Ojo, Deborah I Fatokun, Ikechukwu P Ejidike, Rachel U Awolope, Saheed O Sanni","doi":"10.1155/2022/6178261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6178261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic exposure to arsenic is a major health concern consequent upon generation of excessive reactive oxygen species. The safety of treatment with chelating agents has not been well established; therefore, there is a need for a paradigm shift in the approach to management of arsenic toxicity. Bioflavonoids are known to influence redox homeostasis in cells; the study therefore investigates the efficacy of quercetin and its zinc and iron metal complexes on sodium arsenite (NaAr)-intoxication in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Spectroscopic study of quercetin hydrate and its metal complexes was performed using UV-Vis and FT-IR spectrometer. Furthermore, twenty male Wistar rats were obtained and equally divided into four groups, treated orally and daily for 28 days with 10 mg/kg NaAr, 30 mg/kg quercetin, quercetin-zinc, and quercetin-iron separately. Five more rats were used as control. Plasmatic aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), creatinine (CREA), and total protein (TP) were estimated. Levels of kidney and liver lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were determined. Histology was used to view the lesions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment of arsenic-toxicity with quercetin and its complexes decreased the activities of ALT, AST, CREA, TP, CAT, and GST and concentration of LPO and GSH. Quercetin-zn treatment showed a better result than quercetin-iron in the liver. Histology results showed absence of lesions in quercetin zinc and iron treatment in both the kidney and the liver.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quercetin zinc and iron increased the bioavailability of quercetin and therefore could be relevant as adjuvants in arsenic poisoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2022 ","pages":"6178261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9750782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10459608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soufiane Fadlaoui, Ouahid El Asri, Mustapha Bouterfas, Mohammed Melhaoui
{"title":"Effects of Physicochemical Variables of Superficial Waters on the Abundance of the North African Freshwater Crab <i>Potamon algeriense</i> (Bott, 1967).","authors":"Soufiane Fadlaoui, Ouahid El Asri, Mustapha Bouterfas, Mohammed Melhaoui","doi":"10.1155/2021/6669919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6669919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The large number of pollutants discharged into the aquatic environment may influence the physicochemical and biological qualities of the aquatic ecosystem. This study discloses the global quality of the surface waters and the effect of physicochemical variables on the abundance of the African freshwater crab <i>Potamon algeriense</i> inhabiting Zegzel watercourse, a mountain stream in the northeast of Morocco. Physicochemical variables including streamflow, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended matter, chloride, calcium, magnesium, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and organic matter were evaluated monthly for one year (October 2017-September 2018). The evaluation of the physicochemical quality showed that the waters of all the stations studied are between the excellent and good quality classes concerning all the physicochemical variables and highlights also two variations with a tendency towards degradation, one spatial from upstream to downstream and the other seasonal from the wet to the dry period. The abundance of crabs was recorded to exhibit a positive correlation with dissolved oxygen, calcium (<i>N</i> = 44) (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and magnesium. However, a negative correlation has been noticed for streamflow (<i>N</i> = 1) (<i>p</i> < 0.01), water temperature, pH, suspended matter, chloride, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and organic matter. The results obtained reveal that besides the biotic variables, the distribution of <i>P. algeriense</i> also depends on these specific environmental variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6669919"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10435316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10106056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of ToxicologyPub Date : 2020-12-19eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2020/4329071
Journal Of Toxicology
{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Analysis and Determination of Trace Metals (Nickel, Cadmium, Chromium, and Lead) in Tissues of <i>Pampus argenteus</i> and <i>Platycephalus indicus</i> in the Hara Reserve, Iran\".","authors":"Journal Of Toxicology","doi":"10.1155/2020/4329071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4329071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2014/576496.].</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"4329071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7774032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38802930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of ToxicologyPub Date : 2020-12-09eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2020/8815719
Shadrack Donkor, Christopher Larbie, Gustav Komlaga, Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe
{"title":"Evaluation of the Acute Hepatoprotective Potential of Hydroethanolic Extract of <i>Duranta erecta</i> L. Parts.","authors":"Shadrack Donkor, Christopher Larbie, Gustav Komlaga, Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe","doi":"10.1155/2020/8815719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8815719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver disease is a major health problem and its treatment is costly in most developing countries with attendant adverse effects. This study aimed at determining the acute hepatoprotective efficacy of <i>Duranta erecta</i> hydroethanolic extracts of leaves, ripe and unripe fruits against CCl<sub>4</sub>-, and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in animals. <i>Materials and Methods</i>. CCl<sub>4</sub> (1 mL/kg body weight in olive oil) and acetaminophen (500 mg/kg b.wt) were used to induce hepatotoxicity in the animals. Animals were treated with extracts at 250 mg/kg b.wt and standard drug, silymarin (100 mg/kg), for 7 days. Hepatoprotective efficacy was assessed by assaying serum biochemical markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (<i>γ</i>GT), bilirubin (Bil), antioxidative biomarkers including reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxidase (H<sub>2</sub>0<sub>2</sub>), and nitric oxide (NO), as well as histological observations. <i>Results</i>. Exposure of the animals to CCl<sub>4</sub> and acetaminophen resulted in liver injury as evidenced by elevated ALT, AST, ALP, <i>γ</i>GT, Bil, MDA, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and NO levels with resultant derangement in liver microarchitecture. Pretreatment with hydroethanolic extracts, particularly ripe fruits of <i>Duranta erecta</i>, led to a reduction in these indicators and an increase in GSH, GPx, GST, and SOD levels. Biochemical data were supported by improvement in liver structure. <i>Conclusion</i>. The findings suggest that hydroethanolic <i>Duranta erecta</i> ripe fruits extract possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidative activities against CCl<sub>4</sub>- and acetaminophen-induced toxicity and could be developed as a potent agent for drug-induced liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8815719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8815719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38868636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of ToxicologyPub Date : 2020-12-08eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2020/4364650
Khaled Y Abdel-Halim, Safaa R Osman
{"title":"Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Responses of Imidacloprid and Glyphosate in Human Prostate Epithelial WPM-Y.1 Cell Line.","authors":"Khaled Y Abdel-Halim, Safaa R Osman","doi":"10.1155/2020/4364650","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/4364650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insecticide imidacloprid and herbicide glyphosate have a broad spectrum of applicable use in the agricultural sector of Egypt. Their ability to induce in vitro cytotoxic and oxidative stress on normal human cells (prostate epithelial WPM-Y.1 cell line) was evaluated with the methyl tetrazolium test (MTT) and histopathological investigation. Cell viability was evaluated with an MTT test for 24 h. The median inhibition concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) values were 0.023 and 0.025 mM for imidacloprid and glyphosate, respectively. Sublethal concentrations: 1/10 and 1/50 of IC<sub>50</sub> and IC<sub>50</sub> levels significantly induced an increase in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level compared with the untreated cells. Rapid decrease in the glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was induced. Significant increases were recorded in activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR), respectively, compared with the control group. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) investigation showed significant defects in the cells following pesticide treatments for 24 h. Therefore, it is concluded that imidacloprid and glyphosate are very toxic in vitro assays and able to induce apoptotic effects as well as oxidative stress. So, these findings provide a scenario of multibiomarkers to achieve the imposed risks of pesticides at low doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"4364650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7787827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38831362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of ToxicologyPub Date : 2020-12-07eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2020/5702024
M Esther Salinas, Denisse A Gutiérrez, Armando Varela-Ramírez, Kristine M Garza
{"title":"Continuous Exposure to Low Doses of Ultrafine Black Carbon Reduces the Vitality of Immortalized Lung-Derived Cells and Activates Senescence.","authors":"M Esther Salinas, Denisse A Gutiérrez, Armando Varela-Ramírez, Kristine M Garza","doi":"10.1155/2020/5702024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5702024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combustion-derived nanomaterials are noxious ultrafine (<100 nm) aerosol by-products of human activity. They pose threats to pulmonary health due to their small size, allowing them to penetrate alveoli causing detrimental responses downstream. Information regarding the cellular activity that connects nanocarbon particle exposure to poor pulmonary health remains lacking. We hypothesized that low-dose and long-term administrations of carbonaceous nanoparticles contribute to lung irritation by adversely affecting respiratory cells that function as the first line of defense. Responses to <i>ultrafine black carbon</i> (UBC), a key component of airborne pollutants, by human lung A549, murine lung LA4 epithelial cells, human peripheral-blood monocytes THP1, and murine macrophages RAW264.7 were investigated. The cells were first plated on day zero and were fed fresh UBC suspended in culture media on days one, four, and seven. The exposure regimen included three different concentrations of UBC. On day ten, all cells were harvested, washed, and assayed. The impact on cellular viability revealed that UBC was only moderately cytotoxic, while metabolic activity was significantly diminished in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, beta-galactosidase proportionally increased with UBC concentration compared to untreated cells, indicating that cellular senescence was promoted across all cell types. The implemented regimen caused minimal toxicity yet demonstrated different cellular modifications across the cell lines of both species, inducing changes to enzyme vitality and cellular fitness. The data suggested that compounding nanosized black carbon exposure could negatively impair overall pulmonary health by distinctively modifying intracellular behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"5702024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/5702024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38858951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}