Evaluating the Impact of Commonly Used Pesticides on Honeybees (Apis mellifera) in North Gonder of Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

IF 3.4 Q2 TOXICOLOGY
Zewdie Abay, Amssalu Bezabeh, Alemayehu Gela, Asaminew Tassew
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Global honeybee losses and colony decline are becoming continuous threat to the apicultural industry, as well as, for food security and environmental stability. Although the putative causes are still unclear, extensive exposure of bees to pesticides could be the possible factor for worldwide colony losses. This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of nine commonly used pesticide incidents on adult worker honeybees (A. mellifera) under the laboratory condition, in North Gonder of Amhara region, Ethiopia. Feeding test, contact test, and fumigation tests were carried out for each pesticide following the standard procedures, and each pesticide toxicity was compared to the standard toxic chemical, dimethoate 40% EC (positive control), and to 50% honey solution (negative control). The results revealed that all the tested pesticides caused significant deaths of the experimental bees (P < 0.05) in all the tests when compared to the negative control. Diazinon 60% EC, endosulfan 35% EC, and malathion 50% EC were appeared highly toxic causing 100% mortality of bees, while chlorsulfuron 75% WG killed 90% of the experimental bees as tested via feeding. On the other hand, agro-2, 4-D and its mixture with glycel 41% EC are moderately toxic, and mancozeb 80% WP and glycel 41% EC were slightly toxic to honeybees as compared to the positive control (dimethoate 40% EC). Suddenly, diazinon 60% EC and malathion 50% EC triggered 100% mortality of bees, while endosulfan 35% EC and chlorsulfuron 75% WG caused 63.63% and 90.82% of bee mortality, respectively, when evaluated via contact test. The fumigation test also showed that chlorsulfuron 75% WG, diazinon 60% EC, and endosulfan 35% EC caused 100%, 86.7%, and 65.6% mortality rate of bees. Our result also highlighted that tested LD50 of all pesticide incidents were significantly lower than the manufacturer-based LD50. This shows that local honeybees A. m. jemenetica are extremely sensitive to commonly used agricultural pesticides, which may affect the colony level due to the intensive application of these pesticides in Ethiopia.

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埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉地区北部贡德尔地区常用农药对蜜蜂的影响评价
全球蜜蜂的损失和蜂群的减少正在对养蜂业以及粮食安全和环境稳定构成持续的威胁。虽然推测的原因尚不清楚,但蜜蜂大量接触杀虫剂可能是全球蜂群损失的可能因素。本研究旨在评价实验室条件下9种常用农药对埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉地区北贡德尔工蜂(A. mellifera)成虫的影响。按照标准程序对每种农药进行饲喂试验、接触试验和熏蒸试验,并将每种农药的毒性与标准有毒化学品、40%乳酸菌(阳性对照)和50%蜂蜜溶液(阴性对照)进行比较。结果表明,与阴性对照相比,所有试验农药对实验蜜蜂的死亡率均显著(P < 0.05)。二嗪农60% EC、硫丹35% EC和马拉硫磷50% EC表现为剧毒,蜜蜂死亡率为100%,而氯磺隆75% WG通过饲养测试,实验蜜蜂死亡率为90%。另一方面,与阳性对照(乐果40% EC)相比,agro2,4 - d及其与甘油41% EC的混合物对蜜蜂具有中等毒性,而代森锰锌80% WP和甘油41% EC对蜜蜂具有轻微毒性。通过接触试验评估,60%二嗪农和50%马拉硫磷对蜜蜂死亡率的影响分别为100%,35%硫丹和75%氯磺隆对蜜蜂死亡率的影响分别为63.63%和90.82%。熏蒸试验还表明,75%氯磺隆、60%二嗪农和35%硫丹对蜜蜂的死亡率分别为100%、86.7%和65.6%。我们的结果还强调,所有农药事件的测试LD50显著低于基于制造商的LD50。这表明,埃塞俄比亚当地蜜蜂对常用农业农药极为敏感,由于这些农药在埃塞俄比亚的大量使用,可能会影响蜂群水平。
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来源期刊
Journal of Toxicology
Journal of Toxicology TOXICOLOGY-
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
3.40%
发文量
0
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Toxicology is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies in all areas of toxicological sciences. The journal will consider articles looking at the structure, function, and mechanism of agents that are toxic to humans and/or animals, as well as toxicological medicine, risk assessment, safety evaluation, and environmental health.
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