Journal of Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms in Freshwater Sources of Mindu and Nyumba ya Mungu Dams, Tanzania.","authors":"Josephine J Gobry,&nbsp;Hilda S Bachwenkizi,&nbsp;Offoro N Kimambo,&nbsp;Faustin N Ngassapa,&nbsp;Kessy F Kilulya","doi":"10.1155/2023/5532962","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5532962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health due to the production of toxins. The identification and quantification of these toxins are crucial for water quality management decisions. This study used DNA analysis (PCR techniques) to identify toxin-producing strains and liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify microcystins in samples from Mindu and Nyumba ya Mungu Dams in Tanzania. The results showed that HABs were detected in both dams. The BLAST results revealed that the 16S gene sequences of uncultured samples were very similar to an <i>Antarctic cyanobacterium</i>, <i>Leptolyngbya sp</i>, <i>Anabaena sp</i>, and <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>. Sequences of the cultured samples were most similar to <i>Nodularia spumigena</i>, <i>Amazoninema brasiliense</i>, <i>Anabaena sp</i>, and <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>. Further analyses showed that the nucleotide sequence similarity of uncultured isolates from this study and those from the GenBank ranged from 85 to 100%. For cultured isolates from this study and others from the GenBank, nucleotide identity ranged from 81 to 100%. The molecular identification of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> confirmed the presence of HABs in both Mindu and Nyumba ya Mungu Dams in Tanzania. At Mindu Dam, the mean concentrations (± standard deviation) of microcystin-LR, -RR, and -YR were 1.08 ± 0.749 ppm, 0.120 ± 0.0211 ppm, and 1.37 ± 0.862 ppm, respectively. Similarly, at Nyumba ya Mungu Dam, the concentrations of microcystin-LR, -RR, and -YR were 1.07 ± 0.499 ppm, 0.124 ± 0.0224 ppm, and 0.961 ± 0.408 ppm, respectively. This paper represents the first application of PCR and LC-MS/MS to study microcystins in small freshwater reservoirs in Tanzania. This study confirms the presence of toxin-producing strains of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> in both dams and also provides evidence of the occurrence of microcystins from these strains. These findings contribute in improving the monitoring of HABs contamination and their potential impact on water quality in Tanzanian reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5532962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10593555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50158261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Safety of Soy Leghemoglobin Protein Preparation Derived from <i>Pichia pastoris</i> Expressing a Soy Leghemoglobin Gene from <i>Glycine max</i>: <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Studies.","authors":"Teresa F Reyes,&nbsp;Puja Agrawal,&nbsp;Teresa Chan,&nbsp;Richard Green,&nbsp;Ray A Matulka","doi":"10.1155/2023/7398724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7398724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soy leghemoglobin (LegH) protein derived from soy (<i>Glycine max</i>) produced in <i>Pichia pastoris</i> (reclassified <i>as Komagataella phaffii</i>) as LegH Prep is a novel food ingredient that provides meat-like flavor and aroma to plant-derived food products. The safety of LegH Prep has been previously assessed in a battery of <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> testing and found no adverse effects under the conditions tested. In this new work, we present the results of new <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> tests evaluating the safety of LegH Prep. LegH Prep was nonmutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation assay and nonclastogenic in an <i>in vitro</i> micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes. Systemic toxicity was evaluated in the 90 day dietary study in male and female Sprague-Dawley® rats that included a 28 day recovery period. The study resulted in no animal deaths associated with the administration of LegH Prep at the highest dose (90,000 ppm). There were no significant adverse clinical or physical changes attributed to LegH Prep administration, and no observed adverse effects on either male or female rats over the course of the 28 day recovery phase study. The new 90 day dietary toxicity study established a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 4798.3 and 5761.5 mg/kg/day, the maximum level tested for male and female rats, respectively. Thus, the results of the studies demonstrate that under the conditions tested, LegH Prep is not toxic for consumption in meat analog products.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7398724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49678856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium Metabisulfite-Induced Hematotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Organ Damage Ameliorated by Standardized <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> in Mice.","authors":"Nancy Wambui Wairimu, Peninah Wairagu, Kennedy W Chepukosi, George F Obiero, Patrick W Okanya, Alfred Orina Isaac, James Nyabuga Nyariki","doi":"10.1155/2023/7058016","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/7058016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium metabisulfite (SMB) is a biocide and antioxidant agent generally used as a preservative in food and beverage industries but can oxidize to harmful sulfite radicals. A standardized <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> (EGb-761) has demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which is beneficial for the treatment of diseases that exhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study sought to investigate the putative ameliorative effects of EGb-761 against SMB-induced toxicity in mice. Thirty-two male Swiss white mice were randomized into control, SMB-treated, SMB + EGb-761-treated, and EGb-761-treated groups. EGb-761 (100 mg/kg/day) and SMB (98 mg/kg/day) were administered by gastric gavage for 40 days. Oral administration of EGb-761 restored SMB-induced decrease in body weight and prevented SMB-induced thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and anemia. Furthermore, EGb-761-treatment protected against SMB-induced liver and kidney injury depicted by decreased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and albumin. Furthermore, EGb-761 treatment attenuated SMB-driven dyslipidemia and metabolic acidosis. Besides, EGb-761 supplementation abrogated SMB-driven oxidative stress as depicted by stabilized reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the brain, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and lungs. SMB induced a significant increase of tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum nitric oxide (NO), interferon-gamma (IFN-<i>γ</i>) and tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i> (TNF-<i>α</i>) which were abrogated by EGb-761 treatment. In conclusion, these results deepen our understanding of EGb-761 in light of various detrimental effects of SMB-driven toxicities. These findings provide a novel approach that can be optimized for preventing or treating exposure due to SMB toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7058016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49678855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Toxicity of Dental Gel Based on <i>Origanum vulgare</i> in Mice.","authors":"Karakoz Badekova,&nbsp;Gayane Atazhanova,&nbsp;Irina Losseva,&nbsp;Aigul Medeshova,&nbsp;Ailazzat Aitkenova,&nbsp;Anar Brazhanova","doi":"10.1155/2023/6691694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6691694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The creation of new herbal medicines for their use in dentistry is relevant. The purpose of this work is to study the acute toxicity of the anticaries dental gel (ACDG3) developed by us based on <i>Origanum vulgare</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In case of studying the safety of anticaries dental gel \"ACDG3\" in animals, that with a single dose of up to 2000 mg/kg, the absence of pathological changes in the behavior of animals was noted. Biochemical studies indicate that the studied doses of dental gel did not lead to significant deviations in the blood parameters of mice and deviations fluctuated within the reference values. According to the results of a morphometric study conducted 15 days after the administration of the drug, no deviations were found. The histological evaluation of organs showed little change in the cardiac architecture in animals treated with ACDG3 at doses of 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. On the other hand, no significant changes in the cardiac function were observed in all treated mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As follows from the results obtained, in case of determining acute toxicity, the studied anticaries gel, ACDG3, showed low toxicity. For mice, LD50 was 2000 mg/kg intragastrically. So, according to the generally accepted classification of the toxicity of substances, ACDG3 can be attributed to the class of low-toxic substances (IV class of toxicity, LD50 > 5000 mg/kg, intragastric administration), that is, to practically nontoxic compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6691694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10513860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41129755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imidacloprid Induces Neurotoxicity in Albino Male Rats by Inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase Activity, Altering Antioxidant Status, and Primary DNA Damage.","authors":"Hossam El Din H Abdelhafez,&nbsp;Fatma M Hammam,&nbsp;Asmaa A El-Dahshan,&nbsp;Hussien AboDalam,&nbsp;Jiangfeng Guo","doi":"10.1155/2023/4267469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4267469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imidacloprid (IMI) is a neonicotinoid insecticide used worldwide, either alone or in combination with other pesticides. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of IMI on the central nervous system of rats and its mechanism of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by oxidant/antioxidant parameters. Fifteen male rats, divided into three groups, were used: the first group received 5 ml/kg body weight corn oil as a control, the second received a high oral dose of IMI (45 mg/kg body weight), while the third received a low dose (22 mg/kg body weight). After 28 days, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress markers, histopathological alterations, and DNA damage were examined in the brains of these rats. The AChE activities decreased significantly after IMI exposure, reaching 2.45 and 2.75 nmol/min/mg protein in high dose and low dose, respectively, compared to the control group (3.75 nmol/g tissues), while the concentration of malondialdehyde MDA increased significantly (29.28 and 23.92 nmol/g tissues) vs. the control group (19.28 nmol/g tissues). The antioxidant status parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH) content was 13.77 and 17.63 nmol/g, catalase (CAT) activity was 22.56 and 26.65 <i>µ</i>mol/min/g, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was 6.66 and 7.23 <i>µ</i>mol/min/g in both doses against the control group (21.37 nmol/g, 30.67 <i>µ</i>mol/min/g, 11.76 <i>µ</i>mol/min/g), respectively, and histopathological changes in the brain tissues were observed. More in vivo research using epigenetic methods is needed to determine the ability of IMI and its metabolites to cause neurotoxicity and DNA lesions in mammalian brains.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4267469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41131407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Lorazepam on the Development of the Hairy Maggot Blow Fly, <i>Chrysomya rufifacies</i> (Macquart): Implication for Forensic Entomology.","authors":"Sarika Annasaheb Bansode, Vitthal Ramrao More","doi":"10.1155/2023/1051736","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1051736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Entomotoxicology is based on using insect evidence recovered from a dead body to find out the cause and time of the death. Drugs can accumulate in fly larvae when they ingest the flesh of deceased persons and alter the normal development of the fly causing implications in calculating postmortem intervals. Lorazepam is an antidepressant generally used to treat anxiety. Larvae of <i>Chrysomya rufifacies</i> were fed on the beef liver mixed with lorazepam to study the effect of lorazepam on the developmental rate of larvae and to count delay in postmortem interval. Larvae grown on the beef liver with different doses of lorazepam showed delayed development as compared to normal larvae. The life cycle durations in experimental cultures with different concentrations of lorazepam completed in 1 ppm (272.56 hrs), 2 ppm (289.23 hrs), 3 ppm (324.10 hrs), and 4 ppm (350.72 hrs), while in the control culture life cycle completed in 257.26 hrs. The length, weight, and width of the larvae treated with lorazepam were smaller than the untreated culture. Length, weight, and width decreased with increased concentration of lorazepam. This delay in development ultimately affects the postmortem interval. That is why prior knowledge of the life cycle of flies with respect to various drugs needs to be studied, and these baseline data can be used to calculate postmortem interval and cause of death.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1051736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11074883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45032966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity, and Acute Toxicity Evaluation of <i>Senna italica</i> Extract Used in Traditional Medicine.","authors":"Rodrigue Towanou,&nbsp;Basile Konmy,&nbsp;Mahudro Yovo,&nbsp;Christian C Dansou,&nbsp;Victorien Dougnon,&nbsp;Frédéric S Loko,&nbsp;Casimir D Akpovi,&nbsp;Lamine Baba-Moussa","doi":"10.1155/2023/6405415","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6405415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medicinal plants such as <i>Senna italica</i> are increasingly used for their purgative virtues to treat stomach aches, fever, and jaundice. This study aims to screen the phytochemical compounds and to assess the antioxidant activity <i>in vitro</i> and the acute oral toxicity <i>in vivo</i> of <i>Senna italica</i> leaves. The plant was harvested, dried, pulverized, and preserved. Phytochemical screening was performed using different laboratory protocols. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were, respectively, obtained by maceration and decoction technics. The assay for free radical scavenging was used to examine the antioxidant activity using DPPH. Acute oral toxicity was performed with aqueous and ethanolic extracts at 5000 mg/kg of body weight on female albinos Wistar rats, weighing 152.44 ± 3.68 g. Subjects were checked for any signs of mortality and macroscopy toxicity during the 14 days of the study. Biochemical and hematological parameters were measured to assess liver and kidney functions, and histological analysis of these organs was conducted. Phytochemical analysis highlighted the presence of total phenols, flavones, tannins, alkaloids, and quinone derivatives. Semiethanolic (78 <i>μ</i>g/mL), ethanolic (9.7 <i>μ</i>g/mL), and aqueous extract (9.2 <i>μ</i>g/mL) showed an interesting antioxidant activity. Biochemical and hematological parameters were normal and not significantly different (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The plant extracts did not produce any toxic effect or mortality at the provided dose. <i>Senna italica</i> extracts induced an increase in the volume of liver and kidney tissues but no necrosis. Thus, lethal dose 50 of <i>Senna italica</i> leaf extract is probably higher than 5000 mg/kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6405415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10038741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9182869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinical-Epidemiological Study on Beta-Blocker Poisonings Based on the Type of Drug Overdose.","authors":"Nastaran Eizadi-Mood, Mahtab Adib, Arman Otroshi, Gholamali Dorooshi, Rokhsareh Meamar","doi":"10.1155/2023/1064955","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1064955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Beta-blockers carry a high risk of potentially causing fatal poisoning if overdosed. We aimed to assess the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with beta-blocker poisoning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were categorized based on the type of drug poisoning into propranolol, other beta-blockers, and the combination of beta-blocker groups, respectively. Demographic data, drug toxicity, and clinical, laboratory, and treatment information of different groups were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 5086 poisoned patients were hospitalized, of whom 255 (5.1%) had beta-blocker poisoning. Most patients were women (80.8%), married (50.6%), with a history of psychiatric disorders (36.5%), previous suicide attempts (34.6%), and intentional type of exposure (95.3%). The mean ± SD age of the patients was 28.94 ± 11.08 years. Propranolol toxicity was the most common among different beta-blockers (84.4%). There was a significant difference in age, occupation, education level, and history of psychiatric diseases with respect to the type of beta-blocker poisoning (<i>P</i> < 0.05). We observed changes in the consciousness level and need for endotracheal intubation only in the third group (combination of beta-blockers). Only 1 (0.4%) patient had a fatal outcome in toxicity with the combination of beta-blockers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Beta-blocker poisoning is not common in our poisoning referral center. Propranolol toxicity was most common among different beta-blockers. Although symptoms are not different among defined beta-blocker groups, more severe symptoms are observed in the combination of the beta-blocker group. Only one patient had a fatal outcome in the toxicity with the combination of the beta-blocker group. Therefore, poisoning circumstances have to investigate thoroughly to screen coexposure with combined drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1064955"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9984257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10855208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Activity of Metalloproteases and Serine Proteases in Various Organs after <i>Leiurus macroctenus</i> Envenomation.","authors":"Valery Gunas,&nbsp;Oleksandr Maievskyi,&nbsp;Nataliia Raksha,&nbsp;Tetiana Vovk,&nbsp;Oleksiy Savchuk,&nbsp;Serhii Shchypanskyi,&nbsp;Igor Gunas","doi":"10.1155/2023/5262729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5262729","url":null,"abstract":"Background Scorpion stings may be life-threatening since their venoms are comprised of a wide range of toxins and other bioactive molecules, such as enzymes. At the same time, scorpion envenomation may increase matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) levels, which enhance proteolytic tissue destruction by venom. However, investigations on the impact of many scorpions' venoms, such as those of Leiurus macroctenus, on tissue proteolytic activity and MMP levels have not yet been conducted. Methods and Results The present study aimed to examine the total proteolysis levels in various organs after Leiurus macroctenus envenomation and evaluate the metalloproteases and serine proteases' contributions to the total proteolytic activity. Changes in MMPs and TIMP-1 levels were tested as well. Envenomation led to a significant increase in proteolytic activity levels in all assessed organs, mostly in the heart (by 3.34 times) and lungs (by 2.25 times). Conclusions Since EDTA presence showed a noticeable decrease in total proteolytic activity level, metalloproteases appeared to play a prominent role in total proteolytic activity. At the same time, MMPs and TIMP-1 levels were increased in all assessed organs, suggesting that Leiurus macroctenus envenomation causes systemic envenomation, which may induce multiple organ abnormalities, mostly because of the uncontrolled metalloprotease activity.","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5262729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9970711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10824278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associated Clinical Factors for Coagulation Dysfunction due to <i>Trimeresurus stejnegeri</i>: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Run-Hua Xie,&nbsp;Xiao-Lu Ye,&nbsp;Cong-Yao Tang,&nbsp;Yu-Huai Wang,&nbsp;Long-Xin Zhong","doi":"10.1155/2023/8832355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8832355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Trimeresurus stejnegeri</i> (T.s) accounts for most snakebites in southern China, which always leads to coagulation dysfunction. Coagulopathy due to venom is widely considered to be a characteristic phenomenon of the DIC-like syndrome. It is vitally important for first-line clinicians to improve this condition as soon as possible. However, clinical factors associated with coagulation function in <i>Trimeresurus stejnegeri</i> has not been well characterized yet.</p><p><strong>Materials: </strong>Patients bitten by vipers were admitted to the Emergency Department of a hospital in Shenzhen, southern China, from 2021 to 2022 and were retrospectively reviewed. Patient clinical characteristics and laboratory data were compared in the eligible patients bitten by T.s by their prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen level (FIB), and platelet count on 2-3 days after bitten.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>105 patients were included in this study. The mean values of PT, FIB, and PLT are as follows: 12.8 ± 0.79 s, 2.25 ± 0.47 g/L, and 196.2 ± 57.1 × 10⁹/L. Uric acid (UA) (367.9 ± 103.85), blood glucose (6.53 + 1.64) show negative trend of correlation, while CRP (2.12 + 4.17) shows positive trend of association with coagulation function. The smoke and systolic blood pressure may exert negative effects on PT and PLT, respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that uric acid (UA) shows significant connection with PT (OR = 1.15 and <i>P</i> value <0.0001), FIB (OR = 0.89 and <i>P</i> value = 0.026), and PLT (OR = 0.79 and <i>P</i> value = 0.007). CRP is also shown to be associated with FIB (OR = 1.33 and <i>P</i> value = 0.043).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>: Uric acid (UA) shows a significant association with PT, FIB, and PLT. CRP is related to FIB. Blood glucose shows a negative trend of correlation with PT. We do recommend physician should low the level of UA in some degree on the basis of injection of an antivenom serum.</p>","PeriodicalId":17421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8832355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10164868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9446569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}