Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献_第7页

Positive correlation between measures of habitual responding and motivated responding in mice 小鼠习惯性反应与动机性反应之间的正相关性

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.895

Kathleen G. Bryant, Jacqueline M. Barker

{"title":"Positive correlation between measures of habitual responding and motivated responding in mice","authors":"Kathleen G. Bryant, Jacqueline M. Barker","doi":"10.1002/jeab.895","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.895","url":null,"abstract":"Habit and motivation are thought to be separate processes, with motivated behavior often considered to be goal directed, whereas habits are defined by the absence of goal-directed control over behavior. However, there has been increasing interrogation of the binary nature of habitual versus goal-directed behavior. Furthermore, although drug and alcohol exposure can promote the formation of habits, drug seeking itself can also be highly flexible, pointing toward the need for complex consideration of the parallel processes that drive behavior. The goal of the current study was to determine whether there was a relation between motivation—as measured by progressive ratio—and habit—as measured by contingency degradation—and whether this relation was affected by ethanol exposure history and sex. The results showed that these measures were positively correlated such that greater contingency insensitivity was associated with achieving higher break points on the progressive-ratio task. However, this relation depended on reinforcement schedule history, ethanol exposure history, and sex. These point to potential relations between measures of habit and motivation and stress the importance of carefully parsing behavioral findings and assays. These findings are also expected to inform future substance use research, as drug history may affect these relations.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 1","pages":"74-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138717444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stimulus control of habits: Evidence for both stimulus specificity and devaluation insensitivity in a dual-response task 刺激对习惯的控制：双重反应任务中刺激特异性和贬值不敏感性的证据

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.898

K. M. Turner, B. W. Balleine

{"title":"Stimulus control of habits: Evidence for both stimulus specificity and devaluation insensitivity in a dual-response task","authors":"K. M. Turner, B. W. Balleine","doi":"10.1002/jeab.898","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.898","url":null,"abstract":"Goal-directed and habitual actions are clearly defined by their associative relations. Whereas goal-directed control can be confirmed via tests of outcome devaluation and contingency-degradation sensitivity, a comparable criterion for positively detecting habits has not been established. To confirm habitual responding, a test of control by the stimulus–response association is required while also ruling out goal-directed control. Here we describe an approach to developing such a test in rats using two discriminative stimuli that set the occasion for two different responses that then earn the same outcome. Performance was insensitive to outcome devaluation and showed stimulus–response specificity, indicative of stimulus-controlled behavior. The reliance of stimulus–response associations was further supported by a lack of sensitivity during the single extinction test session used here. These results demonstrate that two concurrently trained responses can come under habitual control when they share a common outcome. By reducing the ability of one stimulus to signal its corresponding response–outcome association, we found evidence for goal-directed control that can be dissociated from habits. Overall, these experiments provide evidence that tests assessing specific stimulus–response associations can be used to investigate habits.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 1","pages":"52-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138682704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring context–response associations that drive habits 衡量驱动习惯的情境-反应关联。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.893

Jennifer S. Labrecque, Kristen M. Lee, Wendy Wood

引用次数: 0

Making and breaking habits: Revisiting the definitions and behavioral factors that influence habits in animals 养成和打破习惯:重新审视影响动物习惯的定义和行为因素。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.889

Sophia N. Handel, Rachel J. Smith

引用次数: 0

The behavioral origins of phylogenic responses and ontogenic habits 系统发育反应和个体发生习惯的行为起源。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.892

W. David Stahlman, Kenneth J. Leising

{"title":"The behavioral origins of phylogenic responses and ontogenic habits","authors":"W. David Stahlman, Kenneth J. Leising","doi":"10.1002/jeab.892","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.892","url":null,"abstract":"An examination of innate behavior and its possible origins suggests parallels with the formation of habitual behavior. Inflexible but adaptive responses—innate reflexive behavior, Pavlovian conditioned responses, and operant habits—may have evolved from variable behavior in phylogeny and ontogeny. This form of “plasticity-first” scientific narrative was unpopular post-Darwin but has recently gained credibility in evolutionary biology. The present article seeks to identify originating events and contingencies contributing to such inflexible but adaptive behavior at both phylogenic and ontogenic levels of selection. In ontogeny, the development of inflexible performance (i.e., habit) from variable operant behavior is reminiscent of the genetic accommodation of initially variable phylogenic traits. The effects characteristic of habit (e.g., unresponsiveness to reinforcer devaluation) are explicable as the result of a conflict between behaviors at distinct levels of selection. The present interpretation validates the practice of seeking hard analogies between evolutionary biology and operant behavior. Finding such parallels implies the validity of a claim that organismal behavior, both innate and learned, is a product of selection by consequences. A complete and coherent account of organismal behavior may ultimately focus on functional selective histories in much the same way evolutionary biology does with its subject matter.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138445146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expanding on cross-price elasticity: Understanding tobacco product demand and substitution from the cross-price purchase task 扩展交叉价格弹性:从交叉价格采购任务理解烟草产品需求与替代。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.890

Rose S. Bono, Augustus M. White, Cosima Hoetger, Thokozeni Lipato, Warren K. Bickel, Caroline O. Cobb, Andrew J. Barnes

{"title":"Expanding on cross-price elasticity: Understanding tobacco product demand and substitution from the cross-price purchase task","authors":"Rose S. Bono, Augustus M. White, Cosima Hoetger, Thokozeni Lipato, Warren K. Bickel, Caroline O. Cobb, Andrew J. Barnes","doi":"10.1002/jeab.890","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.890","url":null,"abstract":"We examine whether cigarettes serve as substitutes for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among ENDS users and demonstrate methodological extensions of data from a cross-price purchase task to inform policies and interventions. During a clinical laboratory study, n = 19 exclusive ENDS users and n = 17 dual cigarette/ENDS users completed a cross-price purchase task with cigarettes available at a fixed price while prices of own-brand ENDS increased. We estimated cross-price elasticity using linear models to examine substitutability. We defined five additional outcomes: nonzero cross-price intensity (purchasing cigarettes if ENDS were free), constant null demand (not purchasing cigarettes at any ENDS price), cross-product crossover point (first price where participants purchased more cigarettes than ENDS), dual-demand score (percentage of prices where both products were purchased), and dual-use break point (minimum relative price to force complete substitution). The cross-price elasticity results indicated that cigarettes could serve as substitutes for ENDS among ENDS users on average, but this average effect masked substantial heterogeneity in profiles of demand (here, a measure of the drug's reinforcement potential). Policies and regulations that increase ENDS prices appear unlikely to steer most exclusive ENDS users toward cigarette use, as most would not purchase cigarettes at any ENDS price, but they could prompt some dual users to substitute cigarettes completely while others remain dual users. This heterogeneity in consumer responses suggests additional indices of cross-product demand are useful to characterize the anticipated and unanticipated effects of tobacco price policies more fully.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 2","pages":"175-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138291269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From data through discount rates to the area under the curve 从数据到贴现率再到曲线下的面积。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.888

Peter R. Killeen

引用次数: 0

Relating different perspectives on how outcomes of behavior influence behavior 关于行为结果如何影响行为的不同观点。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.887

Jan De Houwer, Martin Finn, Yannick Boddez, Sean Hughes, Jamie Cummins

引用次数: 0

Evidence of precurrent responses expanding equivalence classes in a delayed matching-to-sample task 在延迟匹配样本任务中扩展等价类的前流响应的证据。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.886

Giovan W. Ribeiro, Deisy G. de Souza

{"title":"Evidence of precurrent responses expanding equivalence classes in a delayed matching-to-sample task","authors":"Giovan W. Ribeiro, Deisy G. de Souza","doi":"10.1002/jeab.886","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.886","url":null,"abstract":"Delayed matching to sample (DMTS) increases the probability of equivalence class formation. Precurrent responses can mediate the retention interval in DMTS trials and control the selection of comparisons. In human participants, precurrent responses usually consist of naming the experimental stimuli based on their similarities to meaningful stimuli with preexperimental history. We tested whether precurrents expand classes by serving as nodes between experimental and meaningful stimuli. A DMTS (2 s) was used throughout the entire experiment. Eleven undergraduates learned A1B1 and A2B2 relations and then were submitted to ArC trials that required them to answer math problems presented during the DMTS interval: when the sample was A1, the problems resulted in 12 and C1 was correct; when the sample was A2, they resulted in 9 and C2 was correct. Response-as-node tests assessed whether participants would relate B1 and C1 to the printed number 12 and B2 and C2 to the printed number 9. Ten participants responded accordingly to this pattern, showing that the responses to the problems expanded the classes. Parity tests using the words “even” and “odd” further confirmed this hypothesis. These results contribute to understanding why DMTS enhances equivalence performances. Implications of using this procedure in stimulus-equivalence studies are discussed.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 2","pages":"151-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41136527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stimulus control of a social operant 对社会运作方式的刺激控制。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.878

Kennon A. Lattal, Hiroto Okouchi

{"title":"Stimulus control of a social operant","authors":"Kennon A. Lattal, Hiroto Okouchi","doi":"10.1002/jeab.878","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.878","url":null,"abstract":"Three pigeon dyads were exposed to a two-component multiple schedule comprised of two tandem variable-interval 30-s interresponse time (IRT) > 3-s schedules in the presence of different stimuli. Pecks to keys by both pigeons of a dyad occurring within 500 ms of one another were required for reinforcement under one tandem schedule (the coordination component), and such coordinated responses were not required under the other (the control component). The terminal link of each schedule ensured that the reinforced coordination response was an IRT > 3 s. Rates of coordinated IRTs > 3 s and total rates of coordinated responses (composed of IRTs > 3 s and IRTs ≤ 3 s) were higher in the coordination components than in either of two different control components in which coordination was not required for reinforcement. This difference in coordinated responses in the presence and absence of the coordination requirement under stimulus control transitorily deteriorated and then was reestablished when the relation between the stimulus and the coordination contingency or its absence was reversed. The results show coordinated responding to function as a discriminated social operant.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"120 3","pages":"330-343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41136529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0