Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献_第6页

A neural autopilot theory of habit: Evidence from consumer purchases and social media use 习惯的神经自动驾驶理论：来自消费者购买和社交媒体使用的证据。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.897

Colin Camerer, Yi Xin, Clarice Zhao

{"title":"A neural autopilot theory of habit: Evidence from consumer purchases and social media use","authors":"Colin Camerer, Yi Xin, Clarice Zhao","doi":"10.1002/jeab.897","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.897","url":null,"abstract":"This article applies a two-process “neural autopilot” model to field data. The autopilot model hypothesizes that habitual choice occurs when the reward from a behavior has low numerical “doubt” (i.e., reward prediction errors are small). The model toggles between repeating a previous choice (habit) when doubt is low and making a goal-directed choice when doubt is high. The model has ingredients established in animal learning and cognitive neuroscience and is simple enough to make nonobvious predictions. In two empirical applications, we fit the model to field data on purchases of canned tuna and posting on the Chinese social media site Weibo. This style of modeling is called “structural” because there is a theoretical model of how different variables influence choices by agents (the “structure”), which tightly restricts how hidden variables lead to observed choices. There is empirical support for the model, more strongly for tuna purchases than for Weibo posting, relative to a baseline “reduced-form” model in which current choices are correlated with past choices without a mechanistic (structural) explanation. An interesting set of predictions can also be derived about how consumers react to different kinds of changes in prices and qualities of goods (this is called “counterfactual analysis”).","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139048973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Problematic mobile phone use as impulsive choice: Development and empirical verification of a reinforcer-pathology model 有问题的手机使用是一种冲动性选择：强化剂-病理学模型的开发与经验验证。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.900

Yusuke Hayashi

{"title":"Problematic mobile phone use as impulsive choice: Development and empirical verification of a reinforcer-pathology model","authors":"Yusuke Hayashi","doi":"10.1002/jeab.900","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.900","url":null,"abstract":"Problematic mobile phone use is characterized by its “impulsive” nature; users engage in it despite their negative attitude toward it. From a behavioral-economic perspective, this attitude–behavior discrepancy is generated by competing contingencies that involve smaller-sooner social reinforcers associated with mobile phone use and larger-later prosocial reinforcers potentially compromised by phone use. Based on this conceptualization, the reinforcer-pathology model of problematic mobile phone use is proposed, which posits that such phone use stems from excessive delay discounting of the social and prosocial reinforcers and/or excessive demand for the social reinforcers. A secondary data analysis of previously published studies was conducted, with the novel addition of principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of these data. The results generated evidence that supports the reinforcer-pathology model proposed in this article. Based on the theoretical analyses and accumulated empirical evidence, theory-driven prevention and intervention strategies for problematic mobile phone use are proposed. Overall, the reinforcer-pathology model of problematic mobile phone use provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing this growing issue.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction to the special issue: Goal direction and habit in operant behavior 特刊简介：操作行为中的目标方向和习惯。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.901

Poppy Watson, Eric A. Thrailkill, Laura H. Corbit, Mark E. Bouton

引用次数: 0

The temporal structure of goal-directed and habitual operant behavior 目标定向和习惯性操作行为的时间结构。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.896

Eric A. Thrailkill, Carter W. Daniels

{"title":"The temporal structure of goal-directed and habitual operant behavior","authors":"Eric A. Thrailkill, Carter W. Daniels","doi":"10.1002/jeab.896","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.896","url":null,"abstract":"Operant behavior can reflect the influence of goal-directed and habitual processes. These can be distinguished by changes to response rate following devaluation of the reinforcing outcome. Whether a response is goal directed or habitual depends on whether devaluation affects response rate. Response rate can be decomposed into frequencies of bouts and pauses by analyzing the distribution of interresponse times. This study sought to characterize goal-directed and habitual behaviors in terms of bout-initiation rate, within-bout response rate, bout length, and bout duration. Data were taken from three published studies that compared sensitivity to devaluation following brief and extended training with variable-interval schedules. Analyses focused on goal-directed and habitual responding, a comparison of a habitual response to a similarly trained response that had been converted back to goal-directed status after a surprising event, and a demonstration of contextual control of habit and goal direction in the same subjects. Across experiments and despite responses being clearly distinguished as goal directed and habitual by total response rate, analyses of bout-initiation rate, within-bout rate, bout length, and bout duration did not reveal a pattern that distinguished goal-directed from habitual responding.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.896","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Positive correlation between measures of habitual responding and motivated responding in mice 小鼠习惯性反应与动机性反应之间的正相关性

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.895

Kathleen G. Bryant, Jacqueline M. Barker

{"title":"Positive correlation between measures of habitual responding and motivated responding in mice","authors":"Kathleen G. Bryant, Jacqueline M. Barker","doi":"10.1002/jeab.895","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.895","url":null,"abstract":"Habit and motivation are thought to be separate processes, with motivated behavior often considered to be goal directed, whereas habits are defined by the absence of goal-directed control over behavior. However, there has been increasing interrogation of the binary nature of habitual versus goal-directed behavior. Furthermore, although drug and alcohol exposure can promote the formation of habits, drug seeking itself can also be highly flexible, pointing toward the need for complex consideration of the parallel processes that drive behavior. The goal of the current study was to determine whether there was a relation between motivation—as measured by progressive ratio—and habit—as measured by contingency degradation—and whether this relation was affected by ethanol exposure history and sex. The results showed that these measures were positively correlated such that greater contingency insensitivity was associated with achieving higher break points on the progressive-ratio task. However, this relation depended on reinforcement schedule history, ethanol exposure history, and sex. These point to potential relations between measures of habit and motivation and stress the importance of carefully parsing behavioral findings and assays. These findings are also expected to inform future substance use research, as drug history may affect these relations.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138717444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stimulus control of habits: Evidence for both stimulus specificity and devaluation insensitivity in a dual-response task 刺激对习惯的控制：双重反应任务中刺激特异性和贬值不敏感性的证据

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.898

K. M. Turner, B. W. Balleine

{"title":"Stimulus control of habits: Evidence for both stimulus specificity and devaluation insensitivity in a dual-response task","authors":"K. M. Turner, B. W. Balleine","doi":"10.1002/jeab.898","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.898","url":null,"abstract":"Goal-directed and habitual actions are clearly defined by their associative relations. Whereas goal-directed control can be confirmed via tests of outcome devaluation and contingency-degradation sensitivity, a comparable criterion for positively detecting habits has not been established. To confirm habitual responding, a test of control by the stimulus–response association is required while also ruling out goal-directed control. Here we describe an approach to developing such a test in rats using two discriminative stimuli that set the occasion for two different responses that then earn the same outcome. Performance was insensitive to outcome devaluation and showed stimulus–response specificity, indicative of stimulus-controlled behavior. The reliance of stimulus–response associations was further supported by a lack of sensitivity during the single extinction test session used here. These results demonstrate that two concurrently trained responses can come under habitual control when they share a common outcome. By reducing the ability of one stimulus to signal its corresponding response–outcome association, we found evidence for goal-directed control that can be dissociated from habits. Overall, these experiments provide evidence that tests assessing specific stimulus–response associations can be used to investigate habits.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138682704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring context–response associations that drive habits 衡量驱动习惯的情境-反应关联。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.893

Jennifer S. Labrecque, Kristen M. Lee, Wendy Wood

引用次数: 0

Making and breaking habits: Revisiting the definitions and behavioral factors that influence habits in animals 养成和打破习惯:重新审视影响动物习惯的定义和行为因素。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.889

Sophia N. Handel, Rachel J. Smith

引用次数: 0

The behavioral origins of phylogenic responses and ontogenic habits 系统发育反应和个体发生习惯的行为起源。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.892

W. David Stahlman, Kenneth J. Leising

{"title":"The behavioral origins of phylogenic responses and ontogenic habits","authors":"W. David Stahlman, Kenneth J. Leising","doi":"10.1002/jeab.892","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.892","url":null,"abstract":"An examination of innate behavior and its possible origins suggests parallels with the formation of habitual behavior. Inflexible but adaptive responses—innate reflexive behavior, Pavlovian conditioned responses, and operant habits—may have evolved from variable behavior in phylogeny and ontogeny. This form of “plasticity-first” scientific narrative was unpopular post-Darwin but has recently gained credibility in evolutionary biology. The present article seeks to identify originating events and contingencies contributing to such inflexible but adaptive behavior at both phylogenic and ontogenic levels of selection. In ontogeny, the development of inflexible performance (i.e., habit) from variable operant behavior is reminiscent of the genetic accommodation of initially variable phylogenic traits. The effects characteristic of habit (e.g., unresponsiveness to reinforcer devaluation) are explicable as the result of a conflict between behaviors at distinct levels of selection. The present interpretation validates the practice of seeking hard analogies between evolutionary biology and operant behavior. Finding such parallels implies the validity of a claim that organismal behavior, both innate and learned, is a product of selection by consequences. A complete and coherent account of organismal behavior may ultimately focus on functional selective histories in much the same way evolutionary biology does with its subject matter.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138445146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expanding on cross-price elasticity: Understanding tobacco product demand and substitution from the cross-price purchase task 扩展交叉价格弹性:从交叉价格采购任务理解烟草产品需求与替代。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.890

Rose S. Bono, Augustus M. White, Cosima Hoetger, Thokozeni Lipato, Warren K. Bickel, Caroline O. Cobb, Andrew J. Barnes

{"title":"Expanding on cross-price elasticity: Understanding tobacco product demand and substitution from the cross-price purchase task","authors":"Rose S. Bono, Augustus M. White, Cosima Hoetger, Thokozeni Lipato, Warren K. Bickel, Caroline O. Cobb, Andrew J. Barnes","doi":"10.1002/jeab.890","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.890","url":null,"abstract":"We examine whether cigarettes serve as substitutes for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among ENDS users and demonstrate methodological extensions of data from a cross-price purchase task to inform policies and interventions. During a clinical laboratory study, n = 19 exclusive ENDS users and n = 17 dual cigarette/ENDS users completed a cross-price purchase task with cigarettes available at a fixed price while prices of own-brand ENDS increased. We estimated cross-price elasticity using linear models to examine substitutability. We defined five additional outcomes: nonzero cross-price intensity (purchasing cigarettes if ENDS were free), constant null demand (not purchasing cigarettes at any ENDS price), cross-product crossover point (first price where participants purchased more cigarettes than ENDS), dual-demand score (percentage of prices where both products were purchased), and dual-use break point (minimum relative price to force complete substitution). The cross-price elasticity results indicated that cigarettes could serve as substitutes for ENDS among ENDS users on average, but this average effect masked substantial heterogeneity in profiles of demand (here, a measure of the drug's reinforcement potential). Policies and regulations that increase ENDS prices appear unlikely to steer most exclusive ENDS users toward cigarette use, as most would not purchase cigarettes at any ENDS price, but they could prompt some dual users to substitute cigarettes completely while others remain dual users. This heterogeneity in consumer responses suggests additional indices of cross-product demand are useful to characterize the anticipated and unanticipated effects of tobacco price policies more fully.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138291269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0