{"title":"Before BeT: Behavior and timing in the age of introspection.","authors":"John H Wearden","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70106","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The behavioral theory of timing (BeT), developed by Killeen and Fetterman in 1988, accounts for the performance of animals on many timing tasks using sequences of adjunctive behaviors rather than internal clocks and related cognitive mechanisms as its explanatory principle. The idea that timing was mediated by behavior or, perhaps more correctly, sensations arising from behavior, was in fact proposed in the 19th century by Munsterberg. The article describes some of Munsterberg's work and research that followed it, notably Curtis's extensive study from 1916 of \"strains and relaxations\" experienced by her participants while they performed a variety of time judgement tasks. An unresolved question both for BeT and the earlier work is deciding whether the behaviors observed, which are found to occur reliably, are necessary for timing tasks to be carried out or are epiphenomenal to other underlying timing mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"125 3","pages":"e70106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147963811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cookie-cue effects on delay discounting in binge-prone rats exposed to a restricted high-sugar diet.","authors":"Morgan Musquez, Erin B Rasmussen","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute and chronic consumption of sugar-rich foods alters the probability of binge eating and reinforcement processes related to self-regulation of food intake. While delay discounting-preference for smaller, more immediate outcomes over larger, delayed ones-is linked to binge eating, the role of diet is less studied. We examined the extent to which acute food presentation (i.e., food cues) affected food delay discounting in binge-eating prone (BEP) rats exposed to chronic, but restricted, high-sugar diets. Female BEP and binge-eating-resistant rats were randomly assigned to a chronic Oreo-plus-chow diet, where 22.5% of calories came from sugar, or a chow-only diet. Delay discounting for sucrose was assessed twice: first under baseline and then followed by an acute cookie-cue condition where rats consumed a morsel of Oreo cookie immediately before the second session. Cookie cues induced higher delay discounting relative to baseline for all rats. A significant Binge Proneness × Diet interaction was observed. Binge-eating-prone rats with the chow-only diet exhibited higher delay discounting than BEP rats given the Oreo-plus-chow diet. These findings indicate that cookie cues increase delay discounting but also suggest that limited and consistent access to sugar may serve as a protective factor that decreases delay discounting in binge-prone organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"125 3","pages":"e70103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David J Cox, Claudia Diaz-Salvat, Laura Weil, Asim Javed
{"title":"Choice with ethical outcomes: Sign effect, commodity effect, and ethical theory preference.","authors":"David J Cox, Claudia Diaz-Salvat, Laura Weil, Asim Javed","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers have found significant utility in approaching choice from a behavioral economics lens. Recently, this framework has begun to be extended to describe and predict clinical-ethical choices. Researchers have found that common behavioral economics effects occur with clinical-ethical choice at the group level (e.g., framing effects, effort discounting, delay discounting, and probability discounting) and the individual level (e.g., probability discounting with specific outcomes). However, past research examining clinical-ethical outcomes through the behavioral economics lens has used experimental preparations that differ from those commonly used in discounting research with other commodities. Thus, the current exploratory study sought to use adjusting-amount procedures commonly employed in discounting work to examine the sign effect in ethical probability discounting; the commodity effect between monetary and ethical outcomes; and correlations among rates of monetary discounting, ethical discounting, and ethical theory preference as measured via an exploratory, ethical multiple-stimulus-without-replacement procedure. We observed monetary outcomes discounted more steeply than ethical outcomes, ethical violations discounted more steeply than ethical compliance, no significant correlations among discounting tasks, and no significant correlations between ethical theory preference and ethical discounting. The present work further demonstrates the presence of behavioral economics effects with ethical decision making. However, choice with ethical outcomes may not easily be predicted by choice with other commodities, measures in behavioral economics, or ethical theory preference. Despite these findings, many limitations remained, primarily centered on whether procedures common to behavioral economic analyses with other commodities are adequate for use when studying clinical-ethical decision making. Moving forward, alternative preparations to study ethical decision making may be needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"125 3","pages":"e70109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147963828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The freedom to choose may be an artifact of a preference for spatial location.","authors":"Daniel Peng, Thomas R Zentall","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70098","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior research has found that pigeons prefer to have a choice between two or more alternatives than to have no choice. The implication of this finding is that the preference for choice may be an evolved (or learned) predisposition. The purpose of the present experiment was to test the hypothesis that the preference for choice may be an artifact of bias, a preference for a terminal-link spatial location. In the present experiment, we followed the procedure used by Ono (2000) in which all terminal-link choices were followed by a reinforcer 50% of the time and in which the preference to choose would not be differentially reinforced. Three of the pigeons showed a significant initial-link preference to choose, seven pigeons were relatively indifferent between choice and no choice, and one pigeon preferred the initial-link no-choice option. Of the three pigeons that showed a significant initial-link preference to choose, two showed a strong preference for one of the terminal-link spatial locations. Further research on the preference to choose should determine whether the preference to choose is motivated by access to a particular terminal-link location rather than the more cognitive concept of freedom to choose.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"125 3","pages":"e70098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Derek D Reed, Justin C Strickland, Samuel F Acuff, Brett W Gelino, Madison E Graham, Brent A Kaplan, Alexandra Johansen, Zachary Pierce-Messick, Matthew L Banks, S Stevens Negus, David N Kearns, Dominic Chiapperino, Chad J Reissig, Neil B Varshneya, Steven R Hursh
{"title":"Twenty-five years of simulated demand: A bibliometric and systematic review of hypothetical drug purchase tasks.","authors":"Derek D Reed, Justin C Strickland, Samuel F Acuff, Brett W Gelino, Madison E Graham, Brent A Kaplan, Alexandra Johansen, Zachary Pierce-Messick, Matthew L Banks, S Stevens Negus, David N Kearns, Dominic Chiapperino, Chad J Reissig, Neil B Varshneya, Steven R Hursh","doi":"10.1002/jeab.70105","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its introduction by Jacobs and Bickel (1999), the hypothetical purchase task (HPT) has emerged as a frequently used methodology in behavioral economics research, particularly in studies of substance use and public health decision making. The HPT represents an approach that seeks to quantify the reinforcing value of drugs and other commodities through parametric, scalable methodology measured via self-reported consumption across escalating prices. Despite its increasing use in research settings, no comprehensive evaluation of its scientific influence has yet been undertaken. To address this gap, we conducted a two-part review of the HPT's empirical legacy. In Study 1, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of all peer-reviewed documents citing Jacobs and Bickel (1999) through mid-2025. In Study 2, we conducted a systematic review of empirical HPT studies employing operant demand analyses to assess drug consumption. We conclude with a discussion on the legacy of Jacobs and Bickel (1999), an evaluation of the present state of the field of operant behavioral economic science in addiction, and a call for critical areas of inquiry in the use of HPTs to measure drug abuse potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"125 3","pages":"e70105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147868704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"125 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148097868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"125 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148094574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"125 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148087355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"125 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148085773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"125 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148085775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}