Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献_第5页

The generalization-across-dimensions model applied to conditional temporal discrimination 应用于条件时间辨别的泛化-跨维度模型

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.914

Michael Davison, Sarah Cowie

{"title":"The generalization-across-dimensions model applied to conditional temporal discrimination","authors":"Michael Davison, Sarah Cowie","doi":"10.1002/jeab.914","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.914","url":null,"abstract":"Can simple choice conditional-discrimination choice be accounted for by recent quantitative models of combined stimulus and reinforcer control? In Experiment 1, two sets of five blackout durations, one using shorter intervals and one using longer intervals, conditionally signaled which subsequent choice response might provide food. In seven conditions, the distribution of blackout durations across the sets was varied. An updated version of the generalization-across-dimensions model nicely described the way that choice changed across durations. In Experiment 2, just two blackout durations acted as the conditional stimuli and the durations were varied over 10 conditions. The parameters of the model obtained in Experiment 1 failed adequately to predict choice in Experiment 2, but the model again fitted the data nicely. The failure to predict the Experiment 2 data from the Experiment 1 parameters occurred because in Experiment 1 differential control by reinforcer locations progressively decreased with blackout durations, whereas in Experiment 2 this control remained constant. These experiments extend the ability of the model to describe data from procedures based on concurrent schedules in which reinforcer ratios reverse at fixed times to those from conditional-discrimination procedures. Further research is needed to understand why control by reinforcer location differed between the two experiments.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 3","pages":"327-345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing negative reinforcement through simultaneous observing and committed concurrent progressive-ratio procedures: Preliminary investigations 通过同步观察和承诺同步累进比率程序评估负强化：初步调查

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.913

Benjamin N. Witts, Jennifer L. Bruzek

{"title":"Assessing negative reinforcement through simultaneous observing and committed concurrent progressive-ratio procedures: Preliminary investigations","authors":"Benjamin N. Witts, Jennifer L. Bruzek","doi":"10.1002/jeab.913","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.913","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient methods for assessing the relative aversiveness of stimuli are sparse and underresearched. Having access to efficient procedures that can identify aversive stimuli would benefit researchers and practitioners alike. Across three experiments, 13 participants helped to pilot, refine, and test two approaches to identifying negative reinforcers. The first experiment presented two conditions, one in which computerized button pressing started or stopped one of two recorded infant cries (or silence, when the control button was selected). Choices were presented either in a modified observing-response procedure (i.e., simultaneous observing) or in a modified progressive-ratio procedure (i.e., committed concurrent progressive ratio; CCPR). Results were favorable though not conclusive on their own. A second experiment, using more distinct stimuli (i.e., one likely aversive, one likely not aversive), replicated the first, and clearer results emerged. Finally, the third experiment tested the stimuli from the second experiment in a CCPR arrangement where sound was terminated contingent on responding and idiosyncratic negative reinforcement hierarchies emerged. The utility of these two procedures is discussed, and future work that addresses the limitations is outlined.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 3","pages":"346-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140583032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research and mentorship in behavior analysis from a lens of cultural responsiveness and antiracism 从文化响应和反种族主义的角度开展行为分析研究和导师工作

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.911

Corina Jimenez-Gomez

引用次数: 0

An apparatus and procedure for studying discounting of real outcomes of money and aversive sound 研究货币和厌恶声音实际结果贴现的仪器和程序。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.912

Elizabeth Meshes, Jonathan Tarbox, Jonathan A. Meshes, Amy L. Odum

{"title":"An apparatus and procedure for studying discounting of real outcomes of money and aversive sound","authors":"Elizabeth Meshes, Jonathan Tarbox, Jonathan A. Meshes, Amy L. Odum","doi":"10.1002/jeab.912","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.912","url":null,"abstract":"We developed and examined a laboratory preparation with adult humans that pits shorter term avoidance over longer term positive reinforcement and may serve as a useful laboratory functional analogue of problematic behavior. Participants were exposed to choices between (1) avoiding an aversive sound and acquiring no money or (2) listening to an aversive sound for a set duration and then receiving money. The first choice, avoiding an aversive sound and acquiring no money, was conceptualized as immediate negative reinforcement and no positive reinforcement, whereas the latter choice, listening to an aversive sound for a set duration and then receiving money, was conceptualized as a potential positive punisher paired with a larger later positive reinforcer. We manipulated the duration of the sound and the magnitude of money to identify the point at which individual participants' choices changed from avoiding the sound to choosing the sound plus money. As the sound duration increased, the choice of listening to the sound and receiving money decreased. Similar functions were observed with two different monetary magnitudes. The model has potential applicability to real-world problems such as smoking, addiction, gambling, anxiety disorders, and other impulse control disorders.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 3","pages":"389-398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resurgence of ethanol seeking following voluntary abstinence produced by nondrug differential reinforcement of other behavior 通过对其他行为进行非药物差异强化，在自愿戒酒后重新寻求乙醇。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.909

Andrew R. Craig, Charlene N. Agnew, Kate E. Derrenbacker, Beatriz Arroyo Antúnez, William E. Sullivan, Sean W. Smith, Jacqueline DeBartelo, Henry S. Roane

{"title":"Resurgence of ethanol seeking following voluntary abstinence produced by nondrug differential reinforcement of other behavior","authors":"Andrew R. Craig, Charlene N. Agnew, Kate E. Derrenbacker, Beatriz Arroyo Antúnez, William E. Sullivan, Sean W. Smith, Jacqueline DeBartelo, Henry S. Roane","doi":"10.1002/jeab.909","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.909","url":null,"abstract":"Resurgence refers to the relapse of a target behavior following the worsening of a source of alternative reinforcement that was made available during response elimination. Most laboratory analyses of resurgence have used a combination of extinction and alternative reinforcement to reduce target behavior. In contingency-management treatments for alcohol use disorder, however, alcohol use is not placed on extinction. Instead, participants voluntarily abstain from alcohol use to access nondrug alternative reinforcers. Inasmuch, additional laboratory research on resurgence following voluntary abstinence is warranted. The present experiment evaluated resurgence of rats' ethanol seeking following voluntary abstinence produced by differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO). Lever pressing produced ethanol reinforcers during baseline phases. During DRO phases, lever pressing continued to produce ethanol and food reinforcers were delivered according to resetting DRO schedules. Ethanol and food reinforcers were suspended during resurgence test phases to evaluate resurgence following voluntary abstinence. Lever pressing was elevated during baseline phases and occurred at near-zero rates during DRO phases. During the resurgence test phases, lever pressing increased, despite that it no longer produced ethanol. The procedure introduced here may help researchers better understand the variables that affect voluntary abstinence from ethanol seeking and resurgence following voluntary abstinence.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 3","pages":"314-326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140158384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic review and meta-analysis of test–retest reliability and stability of delay and probability discounting 对延迟和概率折扣的测试重复可靠性和稳定性进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.910

Brett W. Gelino, Rebekah D. Schlitzer, Derek D. Reed, Justin C. Strickland

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of test–retest reliability and stability of delay and probability discounting","authors":"Brett W. Gelino, Rebekah D. Schlitzer, Derek D. Reed, Justin C. Strickland","doi":"10.1002/jeab.910","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.910","url":null,"abstract":"In this meta-analysis, we describe a benchmark value of delay and probability discounting reliability and stability that might be used to (a) evaluate the meaningfulness of clinically achieved changes in discounting and (b) support the role of discounting as a valid and enduring measure of intertemporal choice. We examined test–retest reliability, stability effect sizes (dz; Cohen, 1992), and relevant moderators across 30 publications comprising 39 independent samples and 262 measures of discounting, identified via a systematic review of PsychInfo, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. We calculated omnibus effect-size estimates and evaluated the role of proposed moderators using a robust variance estimation meta-regression method. The meta-regression output reflected modest test–retest reliability, r = .670, p < .001, 95% CI [.618, .716]. Discounting was most reliable when measured in the context of temporal constraints, in adult respondents, when using money as a medium, and when reassessed within 1 month. Testing also suggested acceptable stability via nonsignificant and small changes in effect magnitude over time, dz = 0.048, p = .31, 95% CI [−0.051, 0.146]. Clinicians and researchers seeking to measure discounting can consider the contexts when reliability is maximized for specific cases.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 3","pages":"358-372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140158383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyses of relational coherence and rule following: Consistent liars are preferred over occasional truth tellers 对关系一致性和规则遵循的分析：一致的说谎者比偶尔说真话的人更受欢迎。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.907

Jesús Alonso-Vega, Colin Harte, Dermot Barnes-Holmes

{"title":"Analyses of relational coherence and rule following: Consistent liars are preferred over occasional truth tellers","authors":"Jesús Alonso-Vega, Colin Harte, Dermot Barnes-Holmes","doi":"10.1002/jeab.907","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.907","url":null,"abstract":"The current study explored the influence of different levels of speaker coherence on rule following and speaker preference. In Experiment 1, rules provided by three different speakers were either 100% accurate, 0% accurate, or 50% accurate/inaccurate. Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1 except that the speaker's coherence was adjusted to 80% accurate, 20% accurate, and 50% accurate/inaccurate, respectively. Overall, participants tended to follow coherent speaker rules and avoid following incoherent speaker rules during training and testing phases. The results also indicated that following and not following rules provided by speakers may be generalizable to novel stimuli and maintained in the absence of differential reinforcement (i.e., in experimental test phases). Additionally, in a preference test, participants tended to prefer coherent over incoherent and partially coherent speakers. Furthermore, participants tended to prefer the relatively more incoherent speaker (i.e., 0% or 20% accurate) over the 50% accurate coherent speaker in both experiments. Finally, a comparison of the results of both experiments indicated that different levels of relational coherence affected the variability of rule-following and speaker preference behaviors. These findings are discussed in the context of the complexities that appear to be involved in rule-following behaviors and speaker preference.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 3","pages":"281-293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of reinforcement and its omission on trial-by-trial changes of response bias in perceptual decision making 强化和省略对知觉决策中逐次试验反应偏差变化的影响

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.908

Maik C. Stüttgen, Andrea Dietl, Vanya V. Stoilova Eckert, Luis de la Cuesta-Ferrer, Jan-Hendrik Blanke, Christina Koß, Frank Jäkel

{"title":"Influence of reinforcement and its omission on trial-by-trial changes of response bias in perceptual decision making","authors":"Maik C. Stüttgen, Andrea Dietl, Vanya V. Stoilova Eckert, Luis de la Cuesta-Ferrer, Jan-Hendrik Blanke, Christina Koß, Frank Jäkel","doi":"10.1002/jeab.908","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.908","url":null,"abstract":"Discrimination performance in perceptual choice tasks is known to reflect both sensory discriminability and nonsensory response bias. In the framework of signal detection theory, these aspects of discrimination performance are quantified through separate measures, sensitivity (d′) for sensory discriminability and decision criterion (c) for response bias. However, it is unknown how response bias (i.e., criterion) changes at the single-trial level as a consequence of reinforcement history. We subjected rats to a two-stimulus two-response conditional discrimination task with auditory stimuli and induced response bias through unequal reinforcement probabilities for the two responses. We compared three signal-detection-theory-based criterion learning models with respect to their ability to fit experimentally observed fluctuations of response bias on a trial-by-trial level. These models shift the criterion by a fixed step (1) after each reinforced response or (2) after each nonreinforced response or (3) after both. We find that all three models fail to capture essential aspects of the data. Prompted by the observation that steady-state criterion values conformed well to a behavioral model of signal detection based on the generalized matching law, we constructed a trial-based version of this model and find that it provides a superior account of response bias fluctuations under changing reinforcement contingencies.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 3","pages":"294-313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Process and progress 社论：过程与进步。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.906

Suzanne H. Mitchell

引用次数: 0

Use of preexposure prophylaxis and condom purchasing decisions 暴露前预防措施的使用和购买安全套的决定。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.905

Nioud Mulugeta Gebru, Justin C. Strickland, Derek D. Reed, Christopher W. Kahler, Robert F. Leeman

{"title":"Use of preexposure prophylaxis and condom purchasing decisions","authors":"Nioud Mulugeta Gebru, Justin C. Strickland, Derek D. Reed, Christopher W. Kahler, Robert F. Leeman","doi":"10.1002/jeab.905","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.905","url":null,"abstract":"Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but not other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Men who have sex with men (MSM) who take PrEP tend to report reduced condom use, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. For this study, MSM who take PrEP (i.e., PrEP experienced; n = 88) and MSM who do not (i.e., PrEP naïve; n = 113) completed an online study, including the condom purchase task (CoPT). The CoPT assesses decisions to purchase condoms across escalating prices (range: free–$55) for sex with different types of hypothetical partners: those least likely to have an STD (least STD) and those that participants most want to have sex with (most want sex with). When condoms were free, PrEP-experienced MSM had a lower rate of condom purchasing than did PrEP-naïve MSM. For both partner types, PrEP-experienced MSM reached a price break point (i.e., would not buy condoms) at a lower price than did PrEP-naïve pariticipants. For the most-want-sex-with partner at the price at which participants elected not to buy condoms, only 23% of PrEP-experienced MSM chose to abstain from sex when not purchasing condoms versus 53% among PrEP-naïve MSM. Similar patterns were observed for the least-STD partner. The results support the potential utility of the CoPT in identifying behavioral mechanisms related to condom use and PrEP.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"121 2","pages":"233-245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0