Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior最新文献_第5页

Using sign tracking to experimentally increase self-control in rats. 利用手势追踪实验增强大鼠的自我控制能力。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4211

Saba Mahmoudi, Gregory J Madden

{"title":"Using sign tracking to experimentally increase self-control in rats.","authors":"Saba Mahmoudi, Gregory J Madden","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4211","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4211","url":null,"abstract":"Impulsive choice describes a preference for a smaller-sooner reward (SSR) over a larger-later reward (LLR). A large body of research has examined different procedures for decreasing impulsive choice in nonhuman subjects. One limitation of these procedures is the extensive training duration required to achieve the desired results. To address this limitation, the current experiment examined the effects of a brief course of Pavlovian training, designed to establish a conditioned stimulus (CS) that could be strategically used to encourage LLR choices. Forty male Long-Evans rats were randomly assigned to appetitive Pavlovian or unpaired training. A lever insertion signaled an upcoming unconditioned stimulus (i.e., food presentation) for Pavlovian rats and it acquired CS properties. The lever was uncorrelated with the US in the unpaired group, and it did not acquire CS properties. In the subsequent impulsive-choice assessment, the lever from the training phase served as the lever rats pressed to choose the LLR. After an LLR choice, the lever remained in the chamber during the delay to the LLR, just as the SSR lever remained in the chamber until that reward was delivered. Pavlovian-trained rats sign tracked toward the lever CS and made significantly fewer impulsive choices than did rats in the unpaired group.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":" ","pages":"270-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.4211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experience with reduced-nicotine cigarettes and whether this decreases smoking and substitution for full-nicotine cigarettes. 使用低尼古丁香烟的经验，以及这种香烟是否会减少吸烟量和对全尼古丁香烟的替代。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4223

Gideon P Naudé, Justin C Strickland, Meredith S Berry, Sean B Dolan, David J Cox, Matthew W Johnson

{"title":"Experience with reduced-nicotine cigarettes and whether this decreases smoking and substitution for full-nicotine cigarettes.","authors":"Gideon P Naudé, Justin C Strickland, Meredith S Berry, Sean B Dolan, David J Cox, Matthew W Johnson","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4223","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4223","url":null,"abstract":"Studies suggest that reduced-nicotine cigarettes decrease nicotine intake and dependence. However, questions remain about reduced-nicotine cigarette abuse liability, whether reduced-nicotine cigarette exposure lowers reduced- and full-nicotine cigarette use, and whether reduced-nicotine cigarettes substitute for full-nicotine cigarettes. This randomized, double-blind laboratory study used operant behavioral economics to examine abuse liability of cigarettes with varying nicotine content. Non-treatment-seeking smokers (N = 43) self-administered reduced- (5.2, 2.4, or 1.3 mg/g) and full-nicotine (15.8 mg/g) cigarettes before and after 3 weeks of at-home exposure. Participants were randomized to full-nicotine or one of the reduced-nicotine cigarettes to determine the effect of exposure on abuse liability and substitutability. Abuse liability was assessed in single-commodity sessions, and substitutability was measured in concurrent-commodity sessions. In the self-administration sessions, concurrently available reduced-nicotine cigarettes attenuated full-nicotine cigarette demand and rendered reduced-nicotine cigarettes partial substitutes for full-nicotine cigarettes. Exposure to study cigarettes for 3 weeks marginally reduced demand for reduced- and full-nicotine cigarettes irrespective of nicotine content. Results suggest a limited influence of nicotine content on smoking behavior in established smokers and highlight the role of nonpharmacological factors (e.g., taste/smell) on the maintenance of smoking. These results should be considered in determining whether a nicotine-reduction standard is a feasible path for reducing cigarette demand.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":" ","pages":"282-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zoographics in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior: Increasing inclusion of female animals 行为实验分析期刊》上的动物图谱：增加雌性动物。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4220

Amy L. Odum, Kiernan T. Callister, Mariah E. Willis-Moore, Daniel S. Da Silva, David N. Legaspi, Lucy N. Scribner, Josephine N. Hannah

{"title":"Zoographics in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior: Increasing inclusion of female animals","authors":"Amy L. Odum, Kiernan T. Callister, Mariah E. Willis-Moore, Daniel S. Da Silva, David N. Legaspi, Lucy N. Scribner, Josephine N. Hannah","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4220","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4220","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the zoographics, or the characteristics of nonhuman animal subjects, reported for the entirety of the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) through the most recent complete year (1958–2023). Animal sex in particular was evaluated to determine whether the lack of inclusion of female subjects in other disciplines extends to JEAB. Through systematic coding of all nonhuman empirical articles, we found consistent underreporting of most zoographics and a disproportionate use of male subjects relative to female subjects. Additionally, animal sex was commonly unreported and the inclusion of both male and female subjects was sparse. Recent years show some improvement, but greater inclusion is required. Lack of female subjects in research as well as underreporting of zoographics can generate unrepresentative results and hamper replication, generalization, and translation. We provide resources to guide future research and reporting suggestions such as equal inclusion and disaggregation of data by sex. We also clarify misunderstandings about the use of both sexes in research such as beliefs that it necessarily increases the cost of research.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"392-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of resurgence following differential reinforcement of alternative behavior with and without extinction in a human operant model 在人类操作性模型中，评估对替代行为进行有消退和无消退的不同强化后的复发情况。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4222

Skylar DeWitt, Adam M. Briggs

{"title":"Evaluation of resurgence following differential reinforcement of alternative behavior with and without extinction in a human operant model","authors":"Skylar DeWitt, Adam M. Briggs","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4222","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4222","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common treatments for severe challenging behavior involves placing the challenging behavior on extinction and differentially reinforcing an alternative response (DRA). However, extinction is not always feasible and may be unsafe or impractical to implement in some circumstances. Thus, implementing a DRA without extinction intervention may be necessary for some cases. Currently, the extent to which DRA without extinction produces durable treatment outcomes, particularly as it relates to the resurgence of challenging behavior, is unclear. The present study investigated resurgence following DRA with and without extinction using a three-phase resurgence evaluation in a translational human operant model with college students as participants. All participants demonstrated resurgence across both experimental groups. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence, magnitude, or persistence of resurgence between groups, levels of resurgence magnitude were relatively higher in the DRA-without-extinction group than in the DRA-with-extinction group. Clinical implications of these findings and directions for future human operant investigations of resurgence are discussed.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"351-361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ecological momentary assessment of delay discounting, reward valuation, and craving in very light cigarette users 对极少吸烟者的延迟贴现、奖励估价和渴求进行生态瞬间评估。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4221

Melinda L. Furer, Siyuan Huang, Joshua M. Smyth, Stephen J. Wilson

{"title":"Ecological momentary assessment of delay discounting, reward valuation, and craving in very light cigarette users","authors":"Melinda L. Furer, Siyuan Huang, Joshua M. Smyth, Stephen J. Wilson","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4221","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4221","url":null,"abstract":"Heightened delay discounting has been linked to adverse smoking cessation outcomes, including among light cigarette users. Few studies have evaluated delay discounting's proposed mechanism, preference reversal (concurrent increases in valuation of/craving for desired objects), and none have done so in naturalistic settings. We examined how person-level delay discounting moderated the within-person association between cigarette valuation and craving among very light daily cigarette users who were financially incentivized to abstain. Forty participants completed a baseline delay-discounting task and intermittent ratings of cigarette valuation and craving during the incentivized abstinence attempt. Subjects earned monetary rewards for abstinence on a descending schedule (e.g., $20 on Days 1 and 2 and $2.50 on Days 9 and 10). Consistent with preference reversals, there was a positive association between cigarette valuation and craving. This relation was moderated by delay discounting (stronger among those with low discounting rates) and by monetary reinforcement amount (stronger on days with low reinforcement). Additionally, subjects were more likely to report stronger cravings on days with high monetary reinforcement, with this effect moderated by delay discounting (stronger among those with low discounting rates). The results suggest that heightened delay discounting may not confer risk for preference reversal among very light daily cigarette users who are attempting abstinence.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"335-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.4221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Avoidance of hot air blast in Rattus norvegicus 鼠类躲避热气冲击的能力

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4225

Elisama Almeida Condurú Melo, Amilcar Rodrigues Fonseca-Júnior, Marcus Bentes de Carvalho-Neto

引用次数: 0

Social discounting in a symmetric giving and taking frame: An artifactual field experiment with young South African adults 对称施与受框架下的社会折扣：以南非年轻成年人为对象的人工现场实验。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4218

Frederik Booysen, Sevias Guvuriro, Herkulaas Morkel van Eyssen Combrink

{"title":"Social discounting in a symmetric giving and taking frame: An artifactual field experiment with young South African adults","authors":"Frederik Booysen, Sevias Guvuriro, Herkulaas Morkel van Eyssen Combrink","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4218","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4218","url":null,"abstract":"In the dictator game, the evidence that giving is equivalent to taking is mixed. The purpose of this study was to investigate framing effects (giving/taking) on social-discounting rates among young African adults from an informal settlement in South Africa. Employing a within-participant design, these young adults completed a series of incentivized dictator games with an isomorphically equivalent giving and taking frame at each of eight social distances. Altruism was measured by the social-discounting rate, and framing effects were assessed using generalized linear regression. The study provides empirical evidence that prosocial behavior among young South African adults is subject to framing because exponential, hyperbolic, and q-exponential social-discounting rates in all instances were lower in the taking than in the giving frame. This difference may be the result of greater “egalitarianism” and “selflessness” elicited by the taking frame, which likely is a product of the experiment's particular social and economic field context. More comparative research is required to establish the working of specific mechanics of morality that may operate differently in diverse socioeconomic contexts, thus contributing to elucidating the heterogeneous nature of findings in this area of study.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"322-334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeab.4218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of synchronous music reinforcement to increase walking speed: A novel approach for training intensity 应用同步音乐强化提高步行速度：提高训练强度的新方法

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4219

Jonathan W. Pinkston, Jennifer L. Cook, Rasha R. Baruni, John T. Rapp, Shreeya Deshmukh, Raymond G. Miltenberger

{"title":"Application of synchronous music reinforcement to increase walking speed: A novel approach for training intensity","authors":"Jonathan W. Pinkston, Jennifer L. Cook, Rasha R. Baruni, John T. Rapp, Shreeya Deshmukh, Raymond G. Miltenberger","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4219","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4219","url":null,"abstract":"Walking is a common and preferred form of exercise. Although there are current recommendations for walking volume (e.g., steps per day), recent research has begun to distinguish volume from intensity (e.g., “brisk” walking) as an important dimension of exercise. Increasing intensity may confer health advantages beyond volume measures because it shifts cardiovascular performance to more vigorous training zones. Reinforcement-based approaches have been valuable in increasing volume measures of exercise, and the present study sought to develop a corresponding reinforcement approach to training walking intensity. For this study, we used a continuous reinforcement paradigm where music played only while walking met specified criteria; otherwise, music playback stopped. As a result, music was synchronized with walking performance. Seventeen participants walked on a nonmotorized treadmill at a self-selected pace. Across the session, different conditions arranged for music to play independent of walking speed or contingent on speed increases or decreases. An extinction component assessed performance when music was withdrawn completely. Walking speed was selectively increased and decreased by adjusting the contingencies that were arranged for music, and variability in speed increased during extinction, with both findings indicating that music was a reinforcer. Heart rate was also increased to moderate–vigorous intensities during reinforcement. The findings provide a compelling case that walking intensity can be modified by music reinforcement. We suggest that synchronous schedules may be an important foundation for future exercise technologies that are based on reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"362-374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Common Ground 共同点。

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4216

Kennon A. Lattal

引用次数: 0

Inducing select/reject control in a matching-to-sample procedure with observing response: Effects on stimulus equivalence 在观察反应的匹配到样本程序中诱导选择/拒绝控制：对刺激等效性的影响

IF 1.4 3区心理学

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4215

Priscila Crispillho Grisante, Gerson Yukio Tomanari

{"title":"Inducing select/reject control in a matching-to-sample procedure with observing response: Effects on stimulus equivalence","authors":"Priscila Crispillho Grisante, Gerson Yukio Tomanari","doi":"10.1002/jeab.4215","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeab.4215","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated a three-choice matching-to-sample procedure with an observing-response requirement to induce select and reject control during baseline training and examined their effects on the formation of equivalence classes. The study involved four girls, aged 8 to 10 years, who participated in a computer-based task that alternated between conditions designed to induce select and reject control by requiring observing responses to display the stimuli. In the select-control condition, the correct stimulus was revealed first on at least 75% of the trials, increasing the likelihood of selecting the correct stimulus without seeing the incorrect ones. In contrast, in the reject-control condition, the correct stimulus was revealed third on at least 75% of the trials, forcing the display of both incorrect stimuli. This procedure successfully generated both select and reject control, which increased progressively with the accuracy during baseline training trials. Select control was more prominent than reject control, but both led to the formation of equivalence classes. This finding suggests that reject control does not hinder control by the correct stimulus.","PeriodicalId":17411,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"122 3","pages":"309-321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0