Behavioral mechanisms of oxycodone's effects in female and male rats: II. Reinforcement magnitude and implications for impulsive/risky choice

IF 1.4 3区 心理学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Justin T. Van Heukelom, Ryan C. Blejewski, Jeremy S. Langford, Pedro Vidal, Elizabeth K. Garcia, Christine E. Hughes, Raymond C. Pitts
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Abstract

Rats responded under a concurrent-chains procedure wherein reinforcement magnitude was varied within sessions and oxycodone's effects on sensitivity to magnitude were evaluated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, the alternative providing the larger magnitude was signaled and effects of acute (0.1–1.0 mg/kg) and chronic (1.0 mg/kg, twice daily) oxycodone administration were examined in female and male rats. Under baseline, sensitivity was slightly higher for females than males. Acute oxycodone decreased sensitivity in both sexes, but females were more susceptible to this effect. Effects of chronic administration on sensitivity were somewhat variable; on average, females showed slight tolerance and males showed slight sensitization to this effect. No physical dependence was noted during withdrawal probes. In Experiment 2, the alternative providing the larger magnitude was not signaled and effects of acute oxycodone were evaluated in a separate group of male rats. Sensitivity was higher under baseline, and larger doses reduced sensitivity to a greater extent in Experiment 2 than in Experiment 1. Taken with previous data on oxycodone's effects on sensitivity to reinforcement delay, oxycodone would be expected to leave impulsive choice unchanged in both sexes. Additional analyses revealed that oxycodone's effects on sensitivity in both experiments were baseline dependent: higher sensitivities were reduced to a greater extent than lower sensitivities.

大鼠在同时链程序下反应,其中强化强度在会话中变化,羟考酮对强度敏感性的影响在两个实验中进行了评估。在实验1中,对雌性和雄性大鼠进行了急性(0.1-1.0 mg/kg)和慢性(1.0 mg/kg,每日两次)羟考酮给药的影响。在基线下,女性的敏感性略高于男性。急性羟考酮降低了两性的敏感性,但女性更容易受到这种影响。慢性给药对敏感性的影响有所不同;平均而言,雌性对这种效果表现出轻微的耐受性,雄性对这种效果表现出轻微的致敏性。戒断探查期间未发现身体依赖。在实验2中,在另一组雄性大鼠中评估了急性羟考酮的效果,并没有显示提供更大幅度的替代方案。实验2的敏感性高于基线,实验2中较大剂量对敏感性的降低程度大于实验1。根据先前关于羟考酮对强化延迟敏感性影响的数据,羟考酮预计会使两性的冲动选择保持不变。进一步的分析表明,在两个实验中,羟考酮对敏感性的影响都依赖于基线:高敏感性比低敏感性降低的程度更大。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
14.80%
发文量
83
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior is primarily for the original publication of experiments relevant to the behavior of individual organisms.
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