The extinction burst: Effects of reinforcement magnitude.

The extinction burst is an increase in an operant behavior early in the transition to extinction. A matching-law-based quantitative theory suggests that it results from the elimination of competition from reinforcement-related behavior that accompanies the transition to extinction. This experiment examined the effects of reinforcement magnitude on the extinction burst with rats. Responding produced either 1 pellet or 6 pellets prior to a within-session transition to extinction. Baseline response rates were lower with 6 pellets than with 1 pellet but increased more in the first minute of extinction following 6 pellets. Furthermore, an order effect was observed where rats having first experienced extinction following 1 pellet showed a smaller extinction burst when subsequently trained with 6 pellets-an outcome resulting from a faster deceleration of responding during extinction. The model described the data well, including the order effect, when augmented to include the potential asymmetrical influence of learning to discriminate the continued absence of different magnitudes of reinforcement. We conclude that the approach holds promise by formally incorporating the extinction burst into the corpus of matching theory and serving as an example of the utility of better aligning basic research methods and theorizing with areas of applied concern.