Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Reevaluating the definition of rapid weight loss in sports: a call for change.","authors":"Yuming Zhong, Weiwei Tang, Anthony Weldon, Lewis A Gough, Thomas I Gee, Nemanja Lakicevic, Kai Xu, Mingyue Yin, Zhi de Liang, Zihan Ren, Emerson Franchini, Yongming Li","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2550312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2550312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pre-competition weight loss (WL) is a widely adopted strategy in weight-sensitive sports, particularly among combat sport. This strategy enables athletes to compete at a weight or weight classes below their habitual body mass (BM). Although research on WL for weight-sensitive sports has steadily grown, it mostly employs the term \"RWL\". However, there is no compelling or universally accepted definition of RWL.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this current opinion, we discussed the deficiencies and misuse of the current definition of RWL and proposed a new theoretical framework to provide a basis for better defining RWL in the future.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A most commonly used definition describes RWL as losing 5% of body mass within 7 days. However, this definition is somewhat arbitrary and lacks empirical justification. This definition is based on two parameters: magnitude (5% BM) and duration (7 days), yet its cut-off remains rigid and lacks empirical support. Several studies on combat athletes have found that a relatively faster rate of WL can lead to significant negative impacts on performance and health variables. We argue that using WL rate as the core criterion is more robust, as the term \"rapid\" emphasizes the speed of WL. However, at what rate does WL become classified as RWL? The limited research in this area underscores the need for studies to establish a solid foundation for defining RWL. In many studies, authors use the term \"RWL,\" especially in quantitative research. However, using the current definition, some practices reported by participants (e.g., losing 2% BM over 30 days) do not qualify as RWL. Finally, we propose that WL (not RWL) practices be classified along two dimensions: WL rate and WL magnitude. Based on rate, practices can be categorized as slow, moderate, or rapid WL. Based on magnitude, they can be classified as low, moderate, or high WL.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2550312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-dose beta-alanine supplementation for two weeks did not enhance intermittent endurance or sprint performance in trained futsal players.","authors":"Hossein Miraftabi, Erfan Berjisian, Marzieh Nouri Dizicheh, Alireza Naderi, Masoud Bodaghi, Majid S Koozehchian, Fatemeh Shabkhiz, Alvaro Lopez-Samanes","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2564245","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2564245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-dose beta-alanine (BA) supplementation on physical performance, blood lactate concentration, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in trained futsal players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen trained futsal players participated in a randomized, parallel, double-blind experiment, completing a two-week supplementation period with either 12 g/day of BA (<i>n</i> = 8; age: 19 ± 2 years; height: 1.78 ± 0.03 m; body mass: 68.5 ± 5.4 kg) or a placebo (PLA) (<i>n</i> = 8; age: 18 ± 1 years; height: 1.74 ± 0.08 m; body mass: 65.6 ± 6.4 kg). Athletes completed the futsal intermittent endurance test (FIET) and a 30-m speed test before and after supplementation. Plasma lactate levels were measured before, immediately after, and three minutes post-FIET, while RPE was assessed during each FIET stage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant main effect of time for distance covered in the FIET (Pre-BA: 1618.13 ± 268.14 m; Post-BA: 1857.50 ± 277.81 m; Pre-PLA: 1519.13 ± 243.19 m; Post-PLA: 1621.88 ± 323.65 m; <i>p</i> = 0.003; ηp²  = 0.73), while no significant interaction effect was revealed for FIET (<i>p</i> = 0.147; ηp²  = 0.27). Furthermore, no significant interaction effects were found in the 30-m sprint test (<i>p</i> = 0.149; ηp²  = 0.27, Pre-BA: 4.33 ± 0.25 s; Post-BA: 4.22 ± 0.124 s; Pre-PLA: 4.33 ± 0.26 s; Post-PLA: 4.37 ± 0.22 s). Neither plasma lactate levels nor RPE showed significant main effects of treatment or timepoint (all <i>p</i> > 0.5). Conclusion: Two weeks of high-dose BA supplementation did not have an ergogenic impact on the distance covered during the intermittent endurance test, sprint performance, blood lactate, or RPE in trained futsal players.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2564245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined effects of Tabata training and cinnamon supplementation on metabolic changes and body composition in soldiers with overweight or obesity.","authors":"Reza Sabzevari Rad, Hamid Omidi, Milad Alipour","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2564237","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2564237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the effect of the combining Tabata training and cinnamon supplementation on metabolic changes and body composition in overweight and obese soldiers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>40 overweight and obese soldiers were divided into Tabata (T), Tabata training+supplement (T+S), supplement (S) and control (C) groups. The intervention completed during eight weeks with three sessions per week. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included body composition (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BFP], performance parameters) push-up, squat, plank and vertical jump), metabolic markers (fasting blood sugar [FBS], insulin and [HOMA], liver enzymes (Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase [SGOT], Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase [SGPT], and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase [GGT] (and inflammatory markers (C-Reactive Protein [CRP], Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha [TNF-α], Adiponectin and Irisin). Cinnamon supplement was taken in 500 mg capsules three times a day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body mass, BMI, and body fat percentage significantly decreased in all intervention groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with the greatest fat loss in T + S (-7.86%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), significantly more than T (<i>p</i> = 0.013). Performance (push-up, squat, plank, jump) improved in T and T + S (all <i>p</i> < 0.001), with no difference between them (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA-IR, and liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, GGT) decreased across all interventions (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with the greatest reductions in T + S. Inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α) declined, while adiponectin and irisin increased in all interventions (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with superior changes in T + S versus all groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The control group showed no significant changes (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tabata training resulted in synergistically effect on performance, body composition, metabolic-inflammation markers, and liver enzyme function in overweight and obese individuals. Moreover, the cinnamon supplementation as an ergogenic potentiated the observed beneficial effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2564237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of cheese with and without <i>Propionibacterium freudenreichii</i> subsp. <i>shermanii</i> LMGT 2951 on off-season muscle strength and VO₂ max development in Nordic skiers: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Helge Einar Lundberg, Stig Larsen, Therese Fostervold Mathisen, Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2566373","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2566373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Nordic skiers represent a low-impact, weight-sensitive sport and may be inclined to engage in weight-controlling behavior, hence increasing their risk for low energy availability and impairment in health and performance. Jarlsberg cheese (J) is rich in vitamin K₂ from fermentation by Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii LMGT 2951 (Pf) and lactic acid bacteria and increases the osteocalcin (OC) level. Vitamin K is essential for activating OC, which is described to be associated positively with muscle strength, whereas propionic acid bacteria are found to enhance endurance. Except for Pf and its by-products, J and Norvegia (N) cheeses have almost identical nutrient content. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of Jarlsberg and N as potential supplements to training on muscle strength (MS), lean body mass (LBM) and VO₂ max.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty female and 30 male Nordic skiers were block randomized 1:1 to either J or N and studied during a 24-week offseason training schedule. The Norvegia group served as a control group. Females and males were treated with 75 and 90 grams/day, respectively. MS by seated pulldown and half-squat, LBM by DXA, and VO₂ max were measured at baseline and after the 24 weeks off-season period. Dietary intake and training hours were registered and monitored at baseline and every eight weeks during the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MS significantly increased in both groups after 24 weeks (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The mean increase difference in MS-upper body favored Jarlsberg by 0.95 kg (95% CI: -0.02-1.46), approaching significance (<i>p</i> = 0.06). No significant difference was found between groups in MS-lower body. LBM and VO2-max both increased significantly in each group (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), with no notable differences between groups. Correlation analysis identified LBM as the dominant outcome variable at both baseline and 24 weeks. Endurance training was the dominant input variable and correlated significantly positively both multiply and partially to LBM, (<i>p</i> = 0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.02), respectively. At baseline and 24-weeks sex, endurance training along with OC-level explained 65% and 68% of the LBM variations, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both Jarlsberg cheese, characterized by its unique Propionibacterium freudenreichii content, and Norvegia cheese, when combined with off-season training, led to increases in LBM, VO₂ max, and MS, with no significant differences observed between groups. However, there was a trend toward greater improvements in MS in the Jarlsberg group. Overall, increases in LBM through structured training appear to be a key driver of gains in both muscle strength and aerobic capacity.</p><p><strong>Protocol number: </strong>XCS-Jarlsberg/IIA.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrial.gov: </strong>NCT06688032.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2566373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatic identification of important roles of COL1A1 and TNFRSF12A in cartilage injury and osteoporosis.","authors":"Muzi Liu, Shiguo Gong, Xin Sheng, Zihong Zhang, Xichun Wang","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2454641","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2454641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to identify the key regulatory mechanisms of cartilage injury and osteoporosis through bioinformatics methods, and to provide a new theoretical basis and molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Microarray data for cartilage injury (GSE129147) and osteoporosis (GSE230665) were first downloaded from the GEO database. Differential expression analysis was applied to identify genes that were significantly up-or down-regulated in the cartilage injury and osteoporosis samples. These genes were subjected to GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. In addition, we employed SVA and RRA methods to merge the two sets of data, eliminating batch effects and enhancing the statistical power of the analysis. Through WGCNA, we identified gene modules that were closely associated with disease phenotypes and then screened for key genes that intersected with differentially expressed genes. The diagnostic value of these genes as potential biomarkers was evaluated by ROC analysis. Moreover, we performed an immune infiltration analysis to explore the correlation between these core genes and immune cell infiltration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We performed GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of genes significantly up-or down-regulated in cartilage injury and osteoporosis samples. Important biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions, and key metabolic or signaling pathways associated with osteoporosis and cartilage injury were identified. Through WGCNA, we identified gene modules that were closely associated with the disease phenotype, from which we then screened for key genes that intersected with differentially expressed genes. Ultimately, we focused on two identified core genes, COL1A1 and TNFRSF12A, and assessed the diagnostic value of these genes as potential biomarkers by ROC analysis. Meanwhile, GSVA provided an in-depth view of the role of these genes in disease-specific biological pathways. Immune infiltration analysis further revealed the possible key role of COL1A1 and TNFRSF12A in regulating immune cell infiltration in osteoporosis and cartilage injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COL1A1 and TNFRSF12A as key regulatory molecules in osteoporosis and cartilage injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2454641"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.","authors":"Ralf Jäger, Jeffery L Heileson, Sidney Abou Sawan, Broderick L Dickerson, Megan Leonard, Richard B Kreider, Chad M Kerksick, Stephen M Cornish, Darren G Candow, Dean M Cordingley, Scott C Forbes, Grant M Tinsley, Tindaro Bongiovanni, Roberto Cannataro, Bill I Campbell, Shawn M Arent, Jeffrey R Stout, Douglas S Kalman, Jose Antonio","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2441775","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2441775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) presents this position based on a critical examination of the literature surrounding the effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) supplementation on exercise performance, recovery, and brain health. This position stand is intended to provide a scientific foundation for athletes, dietitians, trainers, and other practitioners regarding the effects of supplemental ω-3 PUFA in healthy and athletic populations. The following conclusions represent the official position of the ISSN: Athletes may be at a higher risk for ω-3 PUFA insufficiency.Diets rich in ω-3 PUFA, including supplements, are effective strategies for increasing ω-3 PUFA levels.ω-3 PUFA supplementation, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been shown to enhance endurance capacity and cardiovascular function during aerobic-type exercise.ω-3 PUFA supplementation may not confer a muscle hypertrophic benefit in young adults.ω-3 PUFA supplementation in combination with resistance training may improve strength in a dose- and duration-dependent manner.ω-3 PUFA supplementation may decrease subjective measures of muscle soreness following intense exercise.ω-3 PUFA supplementation can positively affect various immune cell responses in athletic populations.Prophylactic ω-3 PUFA supplementation may offer neuroprotective benefits in athletes exposed to repeated head impacts.ω-3 PUFA supplementation is associated with improved sleep quality.ω-3 PUFA are classified as prebiotics; however, studies on the gut microbiome and gut health in athletes are currently lacking.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2441775"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between caffeine intake and fat free mass index: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Ya-Lan Tian, Xin Liu, Meng-Yao Yang, Yu-Han Wu, Fu-Qiang Yin, Zhen-Tong Zhang, Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2445607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2024.2445607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caffeine, identified as a central nervous system stimulant in foods, beverages (coffee, tea, chocolate), and medications, has been focused on its ergogenic properties, enhancing physical performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the caffeine intake (from coffee) and fat-free mass index (FFMI).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We carried out a cohort study that included 3,466 women and 3,145 men aged ≥20 years who were intaking caffeine. Caffeine intake from coffee were obtained from two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. The FFMI was calculated as FFM (kg) divided by height in m². The caffeine intake was classified into quartiles and combined into 4 groups. Multiple linear regression model analysis and multiple logistic regression model analysis were used to assess associations between the caffeine and FFMI adjusted for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 2,427 participants, males accounted for 52.4%, and females 47.6%. In multiple linear regression model, Model 1 (unadjusted Model (<i>p</i> = 0.041)) and Model 2 (adjusted for age, race, and BMI (<i>p</i> = 0.006)) in women showed a significant relationship between caffeine intake and FFMI. In multivariable models, caffeine intake and FFMI were significantly different (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In sex subgroups, among females, each quartile of caffeine intake was positively correlated with FFMI levels in the average FFMI group in Model 3 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In age subgroups, each quartile of caffeine intake was positively correlated with FFMI levels in the average FFMI group in Model 3 for individuals aged 20-40 (<i>p</i> = 0.039) and those aged above 40 (<i>p</i> = 0.016). In drinking status subgroups, if they drunk alcohol, each quartile was positively correlated with FFMI levels in the average FFMI group in Model 3 (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Caffeine intake was mainly positively associated with FFMI, especially in women with above levels of FFMI. Longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to establish causality and provide evidence-based recommendations regarding caffeine intake to optimize muscle health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2445607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening tool for the identification of relative energy deficiency in Sport risk: validation of the low energy availability in female questionnaire - Italian version (LEAFQ-ITA).","authors":"Cinzia Ferraris, Lenycia de Cassya Lopes Neri, Anna Paola Amoroso, Francesca Bosio, Simona Fiorini, Monica Guglielmetti, Rossella Elena Nappi, Anna Tagliabue","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2550317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2550317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (REDs) is defined as a multifactorial syndrome of impaired physiological and/or psychological functioning was previously named as the Female Athlete Triad. REDs was proposed to be an expansion of the Female Athlete Triad model (<i>Triad</i>), corresponding to a combination of Low Energy Availability (LEA), alteration of the menstrual cycle and bone health. could be made possible by a screening tool to determine the risk of LEA. The Low Energy Availability in Female-Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) is a screening tool originally developed to identify individuals at risk of <i>Triad</i> based on self-reported symptoms in three primary categories: injuries, gastrointestinal function, and reproductive function - to identify individuals at risk of <i>Triad</i>. To date, LEAF-Q is recommended in the International Olympic Committee REDs Clinical Assessment Tool-Version 2 as a screening tool for studying various health and performance outcomes of REDs. This study aims to validate the Italian version (LEAFQ-ITA) among physically active women while adapting it to their culture in order to enhance the diagnosis and facilitate access to treatment of REDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The validation process was carried out in multiple stages: (i) translation and cultural adaptation of the content from the original questionnaire (LEAF-Q) into the Italian culture; (ii) expert validation of the content using the Delphi technique; (iii) reliability test-retest in a sample of Italian physical active women; and (iv) internal consistency checking using exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis. A consensus rate of more than 90% for every item was considered sufficient agreement. The test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient estimates and their 95% confidence intervals based on a mean-rating, absolute agreement, 2-way mixed-effects model. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were performed with the Factor software. The analysis was implemented using a matrix dispersion through Pearson correlations and the Robust Diagonally Weighted Least Squares (RDWLS) extraction method. The Parallel Analysis technique suggested the number of factors to be retained. McDonald's Omega and Cronbach's alpha were performed to test internal consistency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After two rounds, the LEAFQ-ITA maintained the same amount of items and gained the consensus of content validation specialists. From the sample of 215 questionnaires answered, a sub-sample of 105 participants answered the LEAFQ-ITA twice (mean age: 26.1 ± 4.7 years old; mean body mass index: 21.3 ± 2.6 kg/m²; physical activity of 3.9 ± 1.3 days/week on average). Among them, 56 women (37.6%) obtained a were classified at risk of LEA by the final score of LEAFQ-ITA ≥8. The single measurement intraclass correlation coefficient resulted in 0.832 (F = 10.849, df = 105, <i>p</i> < 0.00","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2550317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 16/8 time-restricted eating on body composition and lipolytic hormone regulation in female DanceSport dancers.","authors":"Xinxin Li, Xian Guo, Yanbing Zhou, Guoxia Cao, Mengmeng Chen, Jinhao Mu","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2513943","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2513943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 16/8 time-restricted eating (TRE) program over 6 weeks on body composition and lipolytic hormone levels in female DanceSport dancers. Importantly, participants were not subject to any calorie restrictions during the study period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 20 female DanceSport dancers were recruited to participate in the randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to either a time-restricted eating group (TRE, <i>n</i> = 10) or a control group (<i>n</i> = 10). The TRE group adhered to a 16/8 time-restricted eating protocol for a period of six weeks, consuming food within an eight-hour window (11:00-19:00) and fasting for 16 hours. The control group was instructed to maintain their usual dietary habits without any intervention. Body composition parameters, including body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM), were measured before and after the intervention. Additionally, serum levels of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), adiponectin (ADPN), leptin (LEP), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and blood lipid profiles (including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG)) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 6 weeks, the TRE group showed significant reductions in FM and BF% compared to baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.01). No significant changes were observed in body weight or FFM (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Regarding blood lipid profiles, HDL-C levels significantly increased in the TRE group (<i>p</i> < 0.05) following the 6-week intervention. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in TC, TG and LDL-C (p>0.05). Hormonal analysis revealed significant changes in the TRE group. Serum levels of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) increased significantly following the intervention (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with E showing a particularly marked increase (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Additionally, serum adiponectin (ADPN) levels were significantly elevated (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while GH, IGF-1 and LEP levels did not show significant changes (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Group-by-time interactions were observed for FM (<i>p</i> < 0.05), BF% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and E (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Comparisons of baseline and post-intervention dietary data indicated no significant changes in total calorie or macronutrient intake within either the TRE or control groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Time-restricted eating without caloric restriction may offer a promising approach to regulating body composition and promoting lipid metabolism, especially for female DanceSport dancers where maintaining a lean body mass is critical. However, the long - term effects of this approach still warrant continued observation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2513943"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of low energy availability risk on pre-competition physiological function in Chinese female combat athletes.","authors":"Yiheng Liang, Yuxuan Li, Yan Chen, Kun Meng, Fanyang Zhou, Yiran Pei, Yong Liu, Junqiang Qiu","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2490170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2490170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low energy availability (LEA) can negatively impact athletes' physiological function and performance. This study aims to examine the prevalence of LEA in Chinese female combat athletes and monitor changes in physiological function and performance during the pre-competition period.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We assessed the incidence of low energy availability (LEA) and eating disorder (ED) risks in 84 female combat athletes (judo, freestyle wrestling, and sanda) from Beijing using the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). From this group, 11 judo athletes who were preparing for competition were selected and divided into a low energy availability (LEA) group and a non-LEA group based on their energy availability levels. Dietary intake, training energy expenditure, body composition, resting metabolic rate, blood markers, and special judo fitness tests were monitored at 4 weeks, 2 weeks, and 0 weeks before the competition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 84 athletes, 45.2% of athletes (<i>n</i> = 38) were at increased risk of LEA, and 21.4% of athletes (<i>n</i> = 18) were classified as high in eating disorder risk. There were no significant differences in LEA and ED risk between elite and recreational athletes. Among the 11 athletes preparing for competition, 6 athletes (45.5%) were in a state of LEA at the initial stage (4 weeks before the competition), and by the competition week, all 11 athletes exhibited LEA. Additionally, athletes in the LEA group experienced significant reductions in VO₂ and resting metabolic rate at 0 week of the competition compared to 4 weeks prior (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Thyroid function indicators and IGF-1 levels of LEA group also significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). After completing the four-week pre-competition weight loss, heart rate recovery during the special judo fitness test improved significantly in both the LEA and non-LEA groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study identified a risk of LEA among Chinese female combat sport athletes, with no significant difference in the prevalence of LEA between elite and recreational athletes. It is essential for Chinese coaches and sports medicine staff to implement LEA-related nutritional education across all performance levels. Moreover, preventive measures during training are recommended to mitigate the impact of LEA on physiological function during the pre-competition weight loss phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2490170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}