Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"International society of sports nutrition position stand: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB).","authors":"John A Rathmacher, Lisa M Pitchford, Jeffrey R Stout, Jeremy R Townsend, Ralf Jäger, Richard B Kreider, Bill I Campbell, Chad M Kerksick, Patrick S Harty, Darren G Candow, Brandon M Roberts, Shawn M Arent, Douglas S Kalman, Jose Antonio","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2434734","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2434734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on an analysis of the literature regarding the effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB). The following 12 points have been approved by the Research Committee of the Society: 1. HMB is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine that is naturally produced in both humans and other animals. Two forms of HMB have been studied: Calcium HMB (HMB-Ca) and a free acid form of HMB (HMB-FA). HMB-FA appears to lead to increased appearance of HMB in the bloodstream when compared to HMB-Ca, though recent results are mixed. 2. The available safety/toxicity data suggest that chronic HMB-Ca and HMB-FA consumption are safe for oral HMB supplementation in humans up to at least one year. 3. There are no negative effects of HMB-Ca and HMB-FA on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in humans. There may be improvements in glucose metabolism in younger adults. 4. The primary mode of action of HMB appears to be through its dual mechanism to enhance muscle protein synthesis and suppress muscle protein breakdown. HMB's activation of mTORC1 is independent of the leucine-sensing pathway (Sestrin2-GATOR2 complex). 5. HMB may help reduce muscle damage and promote muscle recovery, which can promote muscle growth/repair. HMB may also have anti-inflammatory effects, which could contribute to reducing muscle damage and soreness. 6. HMB consumption in close proximity to an exercise bout may be beneficial to increase muscle protein synthesis and attenuate the inflammatory response. HMB can provide a beneficial physiological effect when consumed both acutely and chronically in humans. 7. Daily HMB supplementation (38 mg/kg body weight) in combination with exercise training may improve body composition through increasing lean mass and/or decreasing fat mass with benefits in participants across age, sex, and training status. The most pronounced of these improvements in body composition with HMB have been observed in studies with robust resistance training programs and dietary control. 8. HMB may improve strength and power in untrained individuals, but its performance benefits in trained athletes are mixed and increase with an increase in study duration (>6 weeks). HMB's beneficial effects on athletic performance are thought to be driven by improved recovery. 9. HMB supplementation appears to potentially have a positive impact on aerobic performance, especially in trained athletes. The mechanisms of the effects are unknown. 10. HMB supplementation may be important in a non-exercising sedentary and aging population to improve muscle strength, functionality, and muscle quality. The effects of HMB supplementation with exercise are varied, but the combination may have a beneficial effect on the treatment of age-associated sarcopenia under select conditions. 11. HMB may be effective in countering muscle disuse atrophy during periods of inactivity due to illness or injury. The ","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2434734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of time restricted eating and resistance training on body composition and mood profiles among young adults with overweight/obesity: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Tingting Cui, Yichao Sun, Weibing Ye, Yubo Liu, Mallikarjuna Korivi","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2481127","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2481127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Dietary restriction or exercise regimens can promote weight loss or physical fitness among patients with obesity. However, intervention-associated adverse effects may impede patients' motivation to participate in dietary/exercise interventions. We examined the effects of time restricted eating (TRE) with or without resistance training (RT) on body composition, mood profile, and sleep quality in young college adults with overweight or obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-four young college students with overweight/obesity were randomized into control (CON), TRE, RT, and TRE plus RT (TRE+RT) trials. The TRE trials restricted to an eating window of 10-hour/day for 8-week. The RT trials performed supervised resistance exercise, while the control trial maintained a regular lifestyle. Changes in body composition variables, blood pressure, mood status, and sleep quality were measured before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TRE intervention alone or in combination with RT significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) decreased body weight (>2 kg) and BMI (~1 kg/m²) in adults with overweight/obesity. Both RT alone and combined with TRE substantially decreased fat mass by 1.1 ± 0.5 and 3.2 ± 0.4 kg, respectively. The decreased fat mass was greater in the combination trial than in the RT trial, whereas TRE alone had no effect. In contrast, fat-free mass was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) decreased with TRE (-2.3 ± 06 kg), increased with RT (1.6 ± 0.3 kg), and was stably maintained with combination interventions. The reduced waist and hip circumferences in the TRE (<i>p</i> < 0.01) were similar to those in the TRE+RT trials, however, RT alone had no effect. Time and group interaction showed a large effect size (partial eta squared) for all body composition variables. In addition, RT with or without TRE notably decreased diastolic blood pressure (RT: -5.5 ± 1.9 mmHg, TRE+RT: -4.1 ± 1.5 mmHg, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Mild anxiety levels at baseline in RT (4.8 ± 2.6) and TRE+RT (4.1 ± 3) trials were found to be normal at postintervention in TRE+RT (3.6 ± 1.7) but not in RT (5.6 ± 3.5). No depression or stress was recorded among the participants during the intervention. The reported poor sleep quality among participants at baseline was significantly improved with RT (4.8 ± 2.9; <i>p</i> < 0.05), and tended to improve with TRE+RT interventions (4.5 ± 1.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>10-hour TRE is beneficial for weight/fat loss without affecting mood status. However, TRE combined with RT might be more effective for weight/fat loss, maintaining muscle mass, and good quality of sleep among young adults with overweight or obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2481127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in taste and odor sensitivities during repeated bicycle ergometer exercises.","authors":"Masataka Narukawa, Kensuke Nojiri, Rina Matsuda, Momo Murata, Seiji Sakate, Sachiko Kuga, Hidetoshi Ue","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2441769","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2441769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective nutritional support is essential for maintaining good performance during exercise. Taste and olfaction are key senses for food intake, and understanding how their sensitivities change during exercise is important for effective nutritional support. However, the effects of exercise on taste and odor sensitivities remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate changes in taste and odor sensitivities during repeated endurance exercise using a bicycle ergometer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 20 women (mean age; 21.6 ± 0.2 years) participated in the study, completing four 60-minute segments, each comprising 50 minutes of bicycle ergometer exercise at an exercise intensity of 60% heart rate reserve and a 10-minute sensory test. The sensory tests were conducted five times in total: after each exercise segment and once before exercise as a control. Four concentrations (×0.5, ×0.75, ×1, and × 1.25) of a commercially available isotonic beverage were used as taste samples, and the subjects evaluated the taste intensity, preference, and odor intensity. Four types of food odorants were used as odor samples, and the subjects rated their preference. The subjects also reported their perceived fatigue levels during the taste and odor tests. Fatigue levels and taste intensity were rated using a 100-mm visual analogue scale, and taste and odor preferences and odor intensity were evaluated using a scoring method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The degree of physical fatigue significantly increased with each successive bicycle exercise segment. The taste intensity and preference for beverages with higher concentrations increased as the number of exercise segments increased, showing a significant increase in taste intensity for the × 1.25 solution in the final segment compared with before the tests. On the other hand, no significant effect was observed on the perceived odor intensity of the isotonic beverages. Similarly, there was no significant effect on the preference for odor samples due to repeated exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that taste sensitivity may change with prolonged exercise. Additionally, since odor intensity and preference were not significantly affected by repeated exercise, odor sensitivity may be less impacted by exercise than taste sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2441769"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11654038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Association of low muscle mass index and sarcopenic obesity with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis\".","authors":"Jinxiang Peng, Haozhu Chen","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2470230","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2470230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2470230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual responses to encapsulated caffeine and caffeine chewing gum on strength and power in strength-trained males.","authors":"Hamed Teimouri-Korani, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Mark Et Willems, Rasoul Rezaei, Babak Imanian","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2495228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2495228","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Liquid-dissolved and encapsulated powder are two popular ways to consume caffeine for performance-enhancing effects. Caffeine in other delivery methods, such as chewing gums, orally dissolvable strips, gels, mouthwashes, energy drinks, and nasal sprays, is believed to be absorbed more quickly into the bloodstream. Inter-individual responses to caffeine's enhancing effects are recognized. The present study examined the inter-individual responses to the acute effects of encapsulated caffeine and caffeinated chewing gum on the lower-body isokinetic and isometric strength and power in strength-trained males.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;A randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 15 strength-trained males (age: 25  ±  4 years, height: 176  ±  7 cm, weight: 75  ±  11 kg, habitual caffeine intake: 66  ±  15 mg·day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). Participants were randomly assigned to three conditions: i) caffeinated chewing gum (CG), ii) caffeine capsule (CC), and iii) starch capsule as a placebo (PLA). Participants consumed approximately 3 to 4.5 mg·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; of caffeine 60 minutes before testing. The washout period between conditions was one week. Participants performed the Sargent jump test, followed by a 5-minute active recovery (walking). Subsequently, isokinetic strength and power (60°/s and 180°/s) and isometric strength (45° and 60°) parameters were measured for knee extensor and flexor muscles. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests, with significance set at &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.05. Responders to the caffeine conditions were identified using the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In knee extensors, 1) average peak torque and power at 60°/s were higher in CC (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.045; + 11.2% and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.038; + 14.1%) and CG (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.044; + 7.3% and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.015; + 11.4%) compared to PLA with a co-response rate of 60% and 66%, 2) maximum voluntary isometric contraction at 45° (MVIC-45°) was higher in CC compared to PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.031; + 10.1%), and 3) MVIC-60° was higher in CG compared to PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.037; + 10.1%) with a co-response rate of 60%. In knee flexors, 1) time to peak torque at 60°/s was higher in CG compared to PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.011; + 18.2%) with a co-response rate of 46%, 2) average rate of force development at 60°/s was higher in CC (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007; + 24.1%) and CG (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.050; + 20.6%) compared to PLA with a co-response rate of 53%, and 3) average power at 180°/s was higher in CC compared to PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.033; + 18%) with a co-response rate of 46%. However, there were no differences between other strength indicators in the knee extensors and flexors between the different conditions. Vertical jump height (VJH) was higher in CC (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001; + 5.5%) and CG (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001; + 6.) compared to PLA, with a co-response rate of 53%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Caffeine s","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2495228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the risk of low energy availability, bone mineral density and psychological strain in endurance athletes.","authors":"Charlotte R Gowers, Christopher J McManus, Henry C Chung, Ben Jones, Jamie Tallent, Sally P Waterworth","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2496448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2496448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adequate energy intake is crucial for athletic performance and recovery. However, many endurance athletes experience Low Energy Availability (LEA), which, if prolonged, can detrimentally impact both health and performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 55 endurance athletes (23 females; 45  ±  13 years, 1.64  ±  0.06 m, 64.4  ±  11.4 kg and 32 males; 44  ±  13 years, 1.76  ±  0.18 m, 78.8  ±  9.2 kg) underwent physical assessments and completed questionnaires on dietary habits, training loads, and psychological stress. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scans measured bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar L1-L4 spine, and body composition. Risk of LEA burnout, and psychological strain were assessed using sport-specific questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-seven percent of female athletes were identified as at risk of LEA by the LEAF-Q. These females had higher body weight and fat percentage than those at low risk of LEA. Male athletes had a higher prevalence of low lumbar BMD (31%) compared to females, associated with older age, and longer training histories. Although only 9% of female athletes had low-BMD, those affected had a history of amenorrhea and were identified as at risk of LEA by the LEAF-Q.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high proportion of endurance athletes had low-BMD and were at risk of LEA. This underscores the need for targeted nutritional strategies to mitigate the risks associated with LEA and promote overall athlete well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2496448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of acute beetroot juice consumption prior to climbing on lower-body isokinetic and isometric strength, aerobic power, and muscle soreness among mountain climbers.","authors":"Alireza Daneshparvar, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Mohsen Salesi, Rasoul Rezaei, Babak Imanian, Sepideh Pirmohammadi","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2502656","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2502656","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Beetroot juice (BRJ) contains various bioactive compounds which can enhance athletes\" performance. However, there is a limited number of studies assessing the effects of BRJ on climbers\" performance and indicators of muscle soreness (MS). Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of consuming beetroot juice acutely before climbing on lower-body isokinetic and isometric strength, aerobic power, and muscle soreness in mountain climbers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study, 27 climbers (14 males and 13 females) were divided into three groups: Control (CON), Placebo (PLA), and Beetroot Juice (BRJ), with 9 participants in each group. The study evaluated swelling around the thigh (Sw-T), pressure pain threshold (PPT), isokinetic and isometric strength, horizontal jump (HJ), wall-sit, handgrip strength (HGS), flexibility, and the Queen's College Step test. Testing occurred in three sessions: baseline, climbing, and posttest. At baseline, all participants completed the full battery of tests at Shiraz University. One week later, during the climbing session, they consumed 70 mL of BRJ (400 mg nitrate), PLA, or water 2.5 hours before ascending to 3720 meters. Functional tests (HJ, wall-sit, and estimated VO₂&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;) were performed at the altitude. After completing these tests, participants immediately descended the mountain. DOMS was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) for the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius muscles at the following time points: 2 hours before climbing, and 0 (immediately), 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after descending. The posttest session, held 72 hours after descending, repeated all baseline assessments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results revealed a statistically significant decrease in DOMS in the gastrocnemius muscles 24 hours post-descending in the BRJ group compared to the control group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.204). However, no changes in DOMS were observed for the quadriceps (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.090, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.090) and hamstring (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.254, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.056) muscles. Moreover, notable improvements were observed in PPT (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.374), Estimated VO&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.016, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.291), HGS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.270), flexibility (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.407), HJ (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.008, pEta2 = 0.155), and isokinetic (peak torque, average power and rate of force development) and isometric (Maximum voluntary isometric contraction) strength indicators in the BRJ groups compare to the other groups (p˂0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in Sw-T between groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.305).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The study suggested that acute consumption of BRJ before climbing improves climbers' lower-body isokinetic and isometric strength, power, and endurance performance, an","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2502656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Part II. Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?","authors":"Jose Antonio, Ann F Brown, Darren G Candow, Philip D Chilibeck, Stacey J Ellery, Scott C Forbes, Bruno Gualano, Andrew R Jagim, Chad Kerksick, Richard B Kreider, Sergej M Ostojic, Eric S Rawson, Michael D Roberts, Hamilton Roschel, Abbie E Smith-Ryan, Jeffrey R Stout, Mark A Tarnopolsky, Trisha A VanDusseldorp, Darryn S Willoughby, Tim N Ziegenfuss","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2441760","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2441760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Creatine monohydrate supplementation (CrM) is a safe and effective intervention for improving certain aspects of sport, exercise performance, and health across the lifespan. Despite its evidence-based pedigree, several questions and misconceptions about CrM remain. To initially address some of these concerns, our group published a narrative review in 2021 discussing the scientific evidence as to whether CrM leads to water retention and fat accumulation, is a steroid, causes hair loss, dehydration or muscle cramping, adversely affects renal and liver function, and if CrM is safe and/or effective for children, adolescents, biological females, and older adults. As a follow-up, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate additional questions and misconceptions about CrM. These include but are not limited to: 1. Can CrM provide muscle benefits without exercise? 2. Does the timing of CrM really matter? 3. Does the addition of other compounds with CrM enhance its effectiveness? 4. Does CrM and caffeine oppose each other? 5. Does CrM increase the rates of muscle protein synthesis or breakdown? 6. Is CrM an anti-inflammatory intervention? 7. Can CrM increase recovery following injury, surgery, and/or immobilization? 8. Does CrM cause cancer? 9. Will CrM increase urine production? 10. Does CrM influence blood pressure? 11. Is CrM safe to consume during pregnancy? 12. Does CrM enhance performance in adolescents? 13. Does CrM adversely affect male fertility? 14. Does the brain require a higher dose of CrM than skeletal muscle? 15. Can CrM attenuate symptoms of sleep deprivation? 16. Will CrM reduce the severity of and/or improve recovery from traumatic brain injury? Similar to our 2021 paper, an international team of creatine research experts was formed to perform a narrative review of the literature regarding CrM to formulate evidence-based responses to the aforementioned misconceptions involving CrM.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2441760"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward promoting performance nutrition behaviors among tactical athletes: a mixed methods study.","authors":"Bradley Baker, Julia Carins, Rosa Peterson, Regina Belski, Matthew B Cooke","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2492186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2492186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Appropriate and adequate nutrition is essential for the health and performance of tactical athletes, including army recruits and trainees. However, previous research shows they commonly experience suboptimal intakes of energy and carbohydrate. To date, little research has been conducted to understand the causes of their poor dietary intakes. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess infantry trainees' dietary intakes and (2) explore their beliefs, barriers, and self-efficacy toward performance nutrition using the Health Belief Model (HBM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants undergoing their 17-week Australian Army Infantry Initial Employment Training (Infantry IET) were recruited. During weeks 1 and 17, self-reported dietary intakes were assessed, and four focus groups were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean daily energy, carbohydrate, and protein intakes were 7864 ± 1135 kJ, 1.8 ± 0.6 g/kg, and 1.5 ± 0.3 g/kg, respectively, in week 1, and 9084 ± 2535 kJ/day, 2.2 ± 1.1 g/kg and 1.5 ± 0.2 g/kg, respectively, in week 17. Three themes and seven subthemes were developed from the focus group data, falling under the following HBM domains: Cues to Action, Perceived Barriers, and Self-Efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infantry trainees' ability to eat well for their health and performance was hindered by their limited time during their intensive training schedule, their limited access to a sufficient variety of healthy foods, and their limited self-efficacy regarding performance nutrition. They require further performance nutrition knowledge, especially in regard to adopting practical fueling and refueling strategies surrounding physical training, as well as access to a greater quantity and variety of healthy foods outside of their main mealtimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2492186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregivers nutrition knowledge and perspectives on the enablers and barriers to nutrition provision for male academy football players.","authors":"Matthew Cole, Jennie L Carter, Frances Brooks, Charlie J Roberts","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2495879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2495879","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The assessment of nutrition knowledge, alongside the enablers and barriers to optimal dietary intake, in youth football players has previously been documented. However, there is comparatively little research on either of these within parents or host families, which is of value to understand given the vital role that these stakeholders play as the primary food provider to young football players. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the nutrition knowledge of these caregivers and explore their perceptions of the barriers and enablers to nutrition provision for male academy football players.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A validated 35-item online questionnaire (A-NSKQ) was completed by 30 parents and 31 host family providers of youth academy football players from 16 different professional football clubs in England. The questionnaire consisted of 35 questions (total), 11 of which focussed on the assessment of general nutrition knowledge (GNK) and the remaining 24 assessed sports nutrition knowledge (SNK). Scores are presented as a percentage for total and each sub-section (GNK & SNK) and classified by the following rating: \"poor\" (0-49%); \"average\" (50-65%); \"good\" (66-75%); and \"excellent\" knowledge (76-100%). Differences in Total, GNK and SNK were compared between parents and host families using Independent-samples t-tests, with the alpha value set at &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05 for all tests. A series of focus groups was also conducted with six parents and twelve host family representatives from four clubs to explore their perspectives of the enablers and barriers to providing nutrition support to youth football players. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Host family providers demonstrated significantly better total nutrition knowledge than Parents (49.95   ±   11.64% vs. &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 42.67   ±   14.43%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.035), although the knowledge of both groups is classed as \"poor.\" For the sub-sections of GNK & SNK, GNK was considered \"average\" and significantly better than SNK, which was classed as \"poor\" (GNK = 58.12   ±   16.87% vs. SNK = 40.98   ±   14.91%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Host family providers reported significantly better SNK than parents (44.89   ±   13.21% vs. 36.94   ±   15.69%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.037) whilst no significant differences were observed in GNK between groups (61.00   ±   15.07% vs. 55.15   ±   18.33%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.180). Three key themes were generated relating to the caregivers' perceptions of the barriers and enablers to their food provision: 1) Club Support and Communication; 2) Time and Financial Resources; 3) Player-specific Characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;These findings suggest a clear need for football clubs to educate caregivers in the fundamental principles of healthy nutrition and football-specific nutrition requirements and encourage clubs to develop initiatives to better support caregivers in helping to young players to m","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2495879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}