Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Intensified training in adolescent female athletes: a crossover study of Greek yogurt effects on indices of recovery","authors":"B. McKinlay, Phillip J. Wallace, Shai Olansky, Stacey Woods, N. Kurgan, B. Roy, A. Josse, B. Falk, P. Klentrou","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2044732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2044732","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background During a period of intensified exercise (e.g. training/identification camps), often undertaken by competitive youth athletes, the maintenance of muscle function and peak performance can become challenging due to an accumulation of fatigue. The provision of post-exercise dairy protein in adults has been previously shown to accelerate recovery; however, its efficacy in youth athletes is currently unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of increased dairy protein consumption with plain Greek yogurt (GY) on performance and recovery indices during an intensified soccer training camp in adolescent female soccer players. Methods Thirteen players (14.3 ± 1.3 years) participated in a randomized, double blinded, crossover design study where they received 3 servings/day of either GY (~115 kcal, 17 g protein, ~11.5 g carbohydrates) or an isoenergetic carbohydrate control (CHO, ~115 kcal, 0.04 g protein, ~28.6 g carbohydrates) during two 5-day soccer-specific training camps. Performance was assessed before and after each training camp. Fasted, morning, creatine kinase (CK), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 10 (IL10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were measured in plasma pre- and post-training. Results Training led to decrements in counter-movement jump (p = 0.01), broad jump (p = 0.04) and aerobic capacity (p = 0.006), with no effect of GY. A significant increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 was observed from pre- to post-training in GY (+26% [p = 0.008]) but not in CHO (p = 0.89). CRP and CK increased (+65% [p = 0.005] and +119% [p ≤ 0.001], respectively), while IGF-1 decreased (−34% [p ≤ 0.001]) from pre- to post-training with no difference between conditions. Conclusions These results demonstrate that consumption of GY did not offer any added recovery benefit with respect to measures of performance and in the attenuation of exercise-induced muscle damage above that achieved with energy-matched carbohydrate in this group of young female soccer players. However, regular consumption of GY may assist with the acute anti-inflammatory response during periods of intensified training in adolescent athletes.","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"17 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46555500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-sleep protein supplementation after an acute bout of evening resistance exercise does not improve next day performance or recovery in resistance trained men.","authors":"Michael J Ormsbee,&nbsp;Patrick G Saracino,&nbsp;Margaret C Morrissey,&nbsp;Jaymie Donaldson,&nbsp;Liliana I Rentería,&nbsp;Andrew J McKune","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2036451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2036451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the effect of pre-sleep protein supplementation after an acute bout of evening resistance training on next day performance and recovery the following day in physically active men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen resistance trained men performed a single bout of resistance exercise then received either a pre-sleep protein (PRO) supplement containing 40 g of casein protein (PRO; <i>n</i> = 10; mean ± SD; age = 24 ± 4 yrs; height = 1.81 ± 0.08 m; weight = 84.9 ± 9.5 kg) or a non-caloric, flavor matched placebo (PLA; <i>n</i> = 8; age = 28 ± 10 yrs; height = 1.81 ± 0.07 m; weight = 86.7 ± 11.0 kg) 30 min before sleep (1 h after a standard recovery drink). Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise and the following morning (+12-h) to measure creatine kinase and C-reactive protein. Visual analog scales were utilized to assess perceived pain, hunger, and recovery. One-repetition maximum (1RM) tests for barbell bench press and squat were performed pre-exercise and the following morning (+12-h). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (V.23) and <i>p </i>≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences between the groups in next morning performance or muscle damage biomarkers. However, pre-sleep PRO resulted in a lower perception of hunger that approached significance the following morning when compared to PLA (PRO:43.6 ± 31.2, PLA: 69.4 ± 2.22; 95% C.I. = -53.6, 2.0; <i>p</i> = 0.07; <i>d</i> = 0.95).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following an evening bout of exercise, pre-sleep PRO did not further improve next morning muscle damage biomarkers or maximal strength performance in resistance trained men compared to a non-caloric PLA. However, there may be implications for lower perceived hunger the next morning with pre-sleep PRO consumption compared to PLA.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"164-178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9116400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9809548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The exercise metabolome: acute aerobic and anaerobic signatures.","authors":"Joseph K Pellegrino,&nbsp;Tracy G Anthony,&nbsp;Peter Gillies,&nbsp;Shawn M Arent","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2115858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2115858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise modality differentially alters body composition and physical performance. Metabolic changes underlying these outcomes can be tracked through assessment of circulating metabolites. Here, global responses to an acute bout of aerobic or anaerobic exercise were compared in the serum of male and female subjects using a discovery-based metabolomics platform.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On separate days, 40 healthy, active participants completed 45 min of aerobic cycling or resistance exercise, and blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after (T1) and 1 hour post-exercise (T2) to examine the serum metabolomic landscape.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two exercise metabolomes appeared more similar than different in this healthy cohort. Overall, metabolomic signatures of both exercise modalities were markedly altered from rest at T1, and returned toward baseline by T2. Metabolomic perturbations at T1 and the T1-T2 rate of recovery post-exercise were greater following aerobic cycling than resistance exercise. Shared signatures included elevations in purine metabolism, substrate catabolism and mobilization, and inflammatory signaling. Aerobic exercise resulted in greater substrate diversity and use of fatty acids, whereas resistance exercise displayed higher purine turnover and glycolytic flux.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Individual metabolite differences between conditions were seen in magnitude but not direction. Metabolomic signatures of the exercise responses appeared fairly robust across exercise modalities. An initial perturbation and subsequent shift toward recovery by an hour post-exercise defined the signature in our healthy cohort. The expedited recovery following aerobic cycling may be explained by globally elevated lipid metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"603-622"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9559054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9412172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance and indices of endocrine function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise in young athletes.","authors":"Hamid Arazi,&nbsp;Shima Aboutalebi,&nbsp;Behzad Taati,&nbsp;Jason M Cholewa,&nbsp;Darren G Candow","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2041988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2041988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance, plasma lactate, testosterone and cortisol levels, and the testosterone to cortisol (T/C) ratio in response to acute resistance exercise (RE).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a double-blind, crossover study design, 10 handball players (age ± SD = 16 ± 1 yrs) without prior-structured RE experience performed a high-intensity RE session (leg press followed by bench press; 5 sets to volitional fatigue using 80% baseline 1 repetition maximum (1RM)), before and after 14 days of either placebo (maltodextrin) or betaine (2.5 g·d^-1) supplementation. A 30-day washout period separated each treatment. 48 h prior to testing sessions, participants recorded their food intake and did not perform strenuous exercise. Venous blood was sampled before supplementation, and before and after each RE session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After betaine supplementation, participants performed more repetitions (<i>p</i> < 0.001) during the leg press (Betaine: 35.8 ± 4.3; Placebo: 24.8 ± 3.6, Cohen's <i>d</i> = 2.77) and bench press (Betaine: 36.3 ± 2.6; Placebo: 26.1 ± 3.5, Cohen's <i>d</i> = 3.34). Betaine resulted in lower post-exercise cortisol (Betaine: 7.6 ± 1.7; Placebo: 13 ± 3.4 µg.dL^-1, <i>p</i> = 0.003, generalized eta squared ( <math> <msubsup> <mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> </math> ) = 0.49) and lactate (Betaine: 5.2 ± 0.3; Placebo: 6 ± 0.3 mmol.L^-1, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <math> <msubsup> <mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> </math> = 0.96) and higher total testosterone (Betaine: 15.2 ± 2.2; Placebo: 8.7 ± 1.7 ng.mL^-1, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <math> <msubsup> <mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> </math> = 0.87) and T/C ratio (Betaine: 0.21 ± 0.05; Placebo: 0.07 ± 0.02, <i>p</i> < 0.001, = 0.82).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Two weeks of betaine supplementation improved upper- and lower-body muscle endurance and influenced indices of endocrine function following an acute session of high-intensity RE in adolescent handball players.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9116406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9792535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jogging and weight training associated with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Taiwanese adults.","authors":"Chien-Chang Ho,&nbsp;Oswald Ndi Nfor,&nbsp;Yun-Tsung Chen,&nbsp;Chi-Fang Lin,&nbsp;Wen-Yu Lu,&nbsp;Min-Chen Wu,&nbsp;Chuan-Chao Lin,&nbsp;Yung-Po Liaw","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2145232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2145232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although previous studies have shown that aerobic and resistance exercise increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the optimal type of exercise has not been determined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association of jogging (a type of aerobic exercise) and weight training (a type of resistance exercise) with HDL-C levels in Taiwanese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data used in this cross-sectional study were obtained from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB), which is a national health resource that contains the genetic information of Taiwanese volunteers aged 30-70 years. A total of 75,635 subjects (47,881 women and 27,754 men) were included in this study. The subjects were divided into four groups: jogging (<i>n</i> = 2,278), weight training (<i>n</i> = 522), mixed exercise (<i>n</i> = 519), and no exercise (<i>n</i> = 72,316). The TWB data were collected through questionnaires (e.g. basic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and disease history), biochemical tests, and anthropometric measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with no exercise, jogging, weight training, and mixed exercise were all associated with higher HDL-C levels (β = 2.5470, 2.6249, and 3.2117, respectively). As seen, the β value was highest for the mixed exercise group, followed by weight training and then jogging (<i>p</i> for trend <0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the current study, jogging and weight training were individually associated with higher levels of HDL-C. Engaging in both activities was associated with much higher levels of HDL-C. Our findings suggest that regular jogging and weight training might play an important role in increasing HDL-C levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"664-676"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9744215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10731039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluctuations in food and fluid intake during a 24-h World Championship: analysis of the deviation from nutritional programs.","authors":"Keyne Charlot,&nbsp;Chloé Lavoué,&nbsp;Julien Siracusa,&nbsp;Emeric Chalchat,&nbsp;Pierre Hertert,&nbsp;Cyprien Bourrilhon","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2046443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2046443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A food and fluid intake program is essential for ultraendurance athletes to maximize performance and avoid possible gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS). However, the ability to follow such a program during a race has been under-assessed. We thus investigated the fluctuations of food and fluid intake during the 24-h run World Championship of 12 elite athletes (6 men and 6 women; age: 46 ± 7 years, height: 170 ± 9 cm, weight: 61.1 ± 9.6 kg, total distance run: 193-272 km) and assessed their ability to follow their nutritional program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Real-time overall intake (fluids, energy, and macronutrients) was recorded and compared to that of their program. The temporal difference in absolute values and the degree of divergence from their program were assessed, divided into four 6-h periods. GIS were recorded during the race. A questionnaire identifying the details of their nutritional program and the self-assessed causes of their inability to follow it was completed by the participants the day after the race.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Water, total fluid, carbohydrates (CHO), and energy intake decreased during the last quarter of the 24-h ultramarathon relative to the first half (<i>p =</i> 0.024, 0.022, 0.009, and 0.042). However, the differences were no longer significant after these values were normalized by the number of passages in front of the supply tent. The participants progressively failed to follow their nutritional program, with the intake of their planned items dropping to approximately 50% during the last quarter. However, this was adequately compensated by increases in unplanned foods allowing them to match their expected targets. GIS, lack of appeal of the planned items, and attractivity of unplanned items were the main explanations given for their deviation from the program (64, 27, and 27%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite evident difficulty in following their nutritional programs (mostly attributed to GIS), elite ultraendurance runners managed to maintain high rates of fluid and food intake during a 24-h ultramarathon and therefore still met their planned elevated nutritional objectives.<b>Abbreviations:</b> CHO: carbohydrates, GIS: gastrointestinal symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"92-109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9116402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9809546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary nitrate on human muscle power: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.","authors":"Andrew R Coggan,&nbsp;Marissa N Baranauskas,&nbsp;Rachel J Hinrichs,&nbsp;Ziyue Liu,&nbsp;Stephen J Carter","doi":"10.1186/s12970-021-00463-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12970-021-00463-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous narrative reviews have concluded that dietary nitrate (NO₃^-) improves maximal neuromuscular power in humans. This conclusion, however, was based on a limited number of studies, and no attempt has been made to quantify the exact magnitude of this beneficial effect. Such information would help ensure adequate statistical power in future studies and could help place the effects of dietary NO₃^- on various aspects of exercise performance (i.e., endurance vs. strength vs. power) in better context. We therefore undertook a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis to quantify the effects of NO₃^- supplementation on human muscle power.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The literature was searched using a strategy developed by a health sciences librarian. Data sources included Medline Ovid, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov , and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experimental design to measure the effects of dietary NO₃^- on maximal power during exercise in the non-fatigued state and the within-subject correlation could be determined from data in the published manuscript or obtained from the authors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen studies of a total of 268 participants (218 men, 50 women) met the criteria for inclusion. The overall effect size (ES; Hedge's g) calculated using a fixed effects model was 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29, 0.56; p = 6.310 × 10^- 11). There was limited heterogeneity between studies (i.e., I² = 22.79%, H² = 1.30, p = 0.3460). The ES estimated using a random effects model was therefore similar (i.e., 0.45, 95% CI 0.30, 0.61; p = 1.064 × 10^- 9). Sub-group analyses revealed no significant differences due to subject age, sex, or test modality (i.e., small vs. large muscle mass exercise). However, the ES in studies using an acute dose (i.e., 0.54, 95% CI 0.37, 0.71; p = 6.774 × 10^- 12) was greater (p = 0.0211) than in studies using a multiple dose regimen (i.e., 0.22, 95% CI 0.01, 0.43; p = 0.003630).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute or chronic dietary NO₃^- intake significantly increases maximal muscle power in humans. The magnitude of this effect-on average, ~ 5%-is likely to be of considerable practical and clinical importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"18 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8501726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10275939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Intakes, Knowledge, and Perceptions of Semi-professional Rugby Athletes in Scotland","authors":"Sonam Hitendre, Rebecca Jordan, C. Theodorakopoulos, L. White","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2036436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2036436","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Adequate nutritional intake plays a pivotal role in optimizing performance, recovery, and body composition goals. This study aimed to investigate the dietary intakes (DIs); nutritional knowledge (NK); and attitudes, perceptions, and challenges (APC) of semiprofessional rugby players in Scotland. Methods Dietary intakes and NK of 24 male semiprofessional rugby players of a Super6 club were evaluated using validated questionnaires. Players were categorized as having good or poor NK according to NK scores. Diet-related APCs were assessed using researcher-developed questionnaires and 1-1 semi-structured interviews. Results Mean ± SD total NK% was poor, 53.7 ± 11.9%. The ‘Good’ NK group scored significantly higher in the Weight Management (p = 0.014), Macronutrients (p < 0.001), Micronutrients (p = 0.001), and Sports Nutrition (p < 0.001) sections. Mean DIs from food sources were 26.3 ± 9.2 kcal/kg/day energy, 1.4 ± 0.4 g/kg/day protein, and 21.7 ± 10.1 g/day fibre. Median (25th,75th) carbohydrate intake was 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) g/kg/day, and 6.3 (2.3, 10.6) units/week alcohol. Mean ± SD fat and saturated fat (SFA) % total energy intake (EI) were 36.2 ± 3.7% and 12.8 ± 1.9%, respectively, and SFA %EI exceeded recommendations (p < 0.001). The ‘Good’ NK group had significantly higher intakes of all macronutrients (p < 0.05). Total NK% positively correlated with intakes of meat (r = 0.556, p = 0.011), cereals (r = 0.458, p = 0.042), dietary fat (r = 0.477, p = 0.034), vegetables (r = 0.487, p = 0.030), and alcoholic beverages (r = 0.541, p = 0.014). Supplement use was 68%. Players felt diet affected performance (94%) but 31% of them were unaware of any specific nutritional strategies. A healthy diet was perceived to be ‘balanced’ with ‘variety from all food groups. Lack of time for preparation was described as the main barrier to healthy eating. Conclusions Overall, players had poor NK, their fibre and carbohydrate intake was suboptimal, whereas saturated fat intake exceeded recommendations. Many lacked awareness of current sports nutrition guidelines. Further nutrition education may be needed to improve diet quality and aid performance goals.","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"49 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43371435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D supplementation and body composition changes in collegiate basketball players: a 12-week randomized control trial","authors":"T. Hew-Butler, C. Aprik, B. Byrd, Jordan Sauborin, M. Vansumeren, Valerie Smith-Hale, Andrew Blow","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2046444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2046444","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Vitamin D promotes bone and muscle growth in non-athletes, suggesting supplementation may be ergogenic in athletes. Our primary aim was to determine if modest Vitamin D supplementation augments favorable body composition changes (increased bone and lean mass and decreased fat mass) and performance in collegiate basketball players following 12 weeks of standardized training. Methods Members of a men’s and women’s NCAA D1 Basketball team were recruited. Volunteers were randomized to receive either a weekly 4000 IU Vitamin D3 supplement (D3) or placebo (P) over 12 weeks of standardized pre-season strength training. Pre- and post-measurements included 1) serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D); 2) body composition variables (total body lean, fat, and bone mass) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and 3) vertical jump test to assess peak power output. Dietary intake was assessed using Food Frequency questionnaires. Main outcome measures included changes (∆: post-intervention minus pre-intervention) in 25(OH)D, body composition, and performance. Results Eighteen of the 23 players completed the trial (8 females/10 males). Eight received the placebo (20 ± 1 years; 3 females) while ten received Vitamin D3 (20 ± 2 years; 5 females). Weekly Vitamin D3 supplementation induced non-significant increases (∆) in 25(OH)D (2.6 ± 7.2 vs. −3.5 ± 5.3 ng/mL; p = 0.06), total body bone mineral content (BMC) (73.1 ± 62.5 vs. 84.1 ± 46.5 g; p = 0.68), and total body lean mass (2803.9 ± 1655.4 vs. 4474.5 ± 11,389.8 g; p = 0.03), plus a non-significant change in body fat (−0.5 ± 0.8 vs. −1.1 ± 1.2%; p = 0.19) (Vitamin D3 vs. placebo supplementation groups, respectively). Pre 25(OH)D correlated with both Δ total fat mass (g) (r = 0.65; p = 0.003) and Δ total body fat% (r = 0.56; p = 0.02). No differences were noted in peak power output ∆ between the D3 vs. P group (−127.4 ± 335.4 vs. 50.9 ± 9 W; NS). Participants in the D3 group ingested significantly fewer total calories (−526.2 ± 583.9 vs. −10.0 ± 400 kcals; p = 0.02) than participants in the P group. Conclusions Modest (~517 IU/day) Vitamin D3 supplementation did not enhance favorable changes in total body composition or performance, over 3 months of training, in collegiate basketball players. Weight training provides a robust training stimulus for bone and lean mass accrual, which likely predominates over isolated supplement use with adequate caloric intakes.","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"34 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47511602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?","authors":"Jose Antonio,&nbsp;Darren G Candow,&nbsp;Scott C Forbes,&nbsp;Bruno Gualano,&nbsp;Andrew R Jagim,&nbsp;Richard B Kreider,&nbsp;Eric S Rawson,&nbsp;Abbie E Smith-Ryan,&nbsp;Trisha A VanDusseldorp,&nbsp;Darryn S Willoughby,&nbsp;Tim N Ziegenfuss","doi":"10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Supplementing with creatine is very popular amongst athletes and exercising individuals for improving muscle mass, performance and recovery. Accumulating evidence also suggests that creatine supplementation produces a variety of beneficial effects in older and patient populations. Furthermore, evidence-based research shows that creatine supplementation is relatively well tolerated, especially at recommended dosages (i.e. 3-5 g/day or 0.1 g/kg of body mass/day). Although there are over 500 peer-refereed publications involving creatine supplementation, it is somewhat surprising that questions regarding the efficacy and safety of creatine still remain. These include, but are not limited to: 1. Does creatine lead to water retention? 2. Is creatine an anabolic steroid? 3. Does creatine cause kidney damage/renal dysfunction? 4. Does creatine cause hair loss / baldness? 5. Does creatine lead to dehydration and muscle cramping? 6. Is creatine harmful for children and adolescents? 7. Does creatine increase fat mass? 8. Is a creatine 'loading-phase' required? 9. Is creatine beneficial for older adults? 10. Is creatine only useful for resistance / power type activities? 11. Is creatine only effective for males? 12. Are other forms of creatine similar or superior to monohydrate and is creatine stable in solutions/beverages? To answer these questions, an internationally renowned team of research experts was formed to perform an evidence-based scientific evaluation of the literature regarding creatine supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"18 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10283883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}