Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Early absorption sources of caffeine can be a useful strategy for improving female table tennis players-specific performance.","authors":"Sepideh Pirmohammadi, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Javad Nemati, Babak Imanian, Mohammad Hassan Abdollahi","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2023.2282051","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2023.2282051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The consumption of fast absorption sources containing caffeine, such as caffeinated gum and coffee mouth rinsing, has been considered a practical nutritional strategy among athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of early absorption sources containing caffeine on the performance of female table tennis players.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighteen female table tennis players randomly participated in this randomized, double-blind, and crossover designed study. Before starting the test, the participants attended a familiarization session. In each test session, participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions including chewing caffeinated gum (CG, <i>n</i> = 6), coffee mouth rinsing (CMR, <i>n</i> = 6) and placebo capsule (PLA, <i>n</i> = 6). All participants consumed caffeine with an average dose of ∼3 to 4.5 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>. The one-week interval was considered a washout period for each condition. Each test session included measurement of functional, skill and cognitive tests. Skill tests included serve, forehand drive, backhand push and counter tests. The Cognitive function measured by color recognition test, and functional tests included agility, hand movement speed, the explosive power of the upper body and lower body, hand-eye coordination and hand grip strength tests. The collected data were analyzed (with SPSS Windows software) by repeated measure ANOVA analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test at <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05 level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of the present study illustrated that CG and CMR increased significantly agility and reduced the amounts of errors in the cognitive test compared to PLA (<i>p</i> < 0.05), While there was no significant difference between CG and CMR (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Also, CG and CMR compared to PLA and CMR compared to CG rose significantly hand movement speed and movement speed (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and CMR compared to PLA increased significantly hand-eye coordination, isometric hand strength, service accuracy and forehand drive (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, CG compared to PLA and CMR had no significant effect on hand-eye coordination, isometric hand strength, service accuracy and forehand drive (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In addition, CG and CMR enhanced significantly the explosive power of the lower body compared to PLA (<i>p</i> < 0.05), While there was no significant difference between CG and CMR (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Also, CG and CMR compared to PLA and CG compared to CMR had no significant effect on the explosive power of the upper body, backhand, and counter skills (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Furthermore, CG increased significantly accuracy in the service test compared to PLA (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results, it seems that early absorption sources of caffeine (CMR and CG) are efficient strategies for improving the specific performance of female table tennis players. However, allegedly CMR and CG have a","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"20 1","pages":"2282051"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11018319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136397971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proceedings of the Twentieth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo.","authors":"Chad M Kerksick,&nbsp;Trisha VanDusseldorp,&nbsp;Douglas Kalman,&nbsp;Jose Antonio","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2023.2235311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2023.2235311","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Previous research demonstrates body composition comparisons relative to their dominant arm vs non-dominant arm in collegiate baseball players. Further research demonstrates body composition comparisons relative to their position in collegiate baseball players. Though there is a vast amount of literature on nonprofessional baseball players, there is little research that analyzes body composition in professional baseball players. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare body composition variables by position in professional baseball players. We hypothesize that differences will exist in body mass and composition between positions. Methods: 178 (n = 60 Infield, n = 23 Outfield, n = 95 Pitcher) professional baseball players (22.3 ± 3.1 yrs.; 184.8 ± 6.7 cm) were used for the current study. The assessment was collected in a noninvasive bioelectric impedance analyzer machine (InBody770), in which the athlete stepped on the scale in the morning, before eating for at least 2 hours prior to the assessment and was well hydrated. Hydration levels were measured through an osmolality meter (Atago PAL-mOsm) with a score of no higher than 600 mOsmol/ kgH2O. One-Way ANOVA was utilized to analyze the main effects of the group. The Bonferroni Post Hoc analysis was utilized to compare positions, and significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: There is a significant main effect of the group for body fat percentage (BF) (P = .007), body weight (BW) (P < .001), fat-free mass (FFM) (P < .001), and fat mass (FM)","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"20 sup2","pages":"2235311"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10388812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9909802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo.","authors":"Trisha VanDusseldorp,&nbsp;Chad M Kerksick,&nbsp;Erik Bustillo,&nbsp;Douglas Kalman,&nbsp;Jose Antonio","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2023.2187955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2023.2187955","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"20 sup1","pages":"2187955"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10078124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9347816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-sleep protein supplementation in professional cyclists during a training camp: a three-arm randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Pedro L Valenzuela,&nbsp;Lidia B Alejo,&nbsp;Almudena Montalvo-Pérez,&nbsp;Diego Ojanguren,&nbsp;Miguel Górriz,&nbsp;Itziar Pagola,&nbsp;Laureano M Ozcoidi,&nbsp;Alejandro Lucia,&nbsp;David Barranco-Gil","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2023.2166366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2023.2166366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effects of pre-sleep protein supplementation on endurance athletes remain unclear, particularly whether its potential benefits are due to the timing of protein intake or solely to an increased total protein intake. We assessed the effects of pre-sleep protein supplementation in professional cyclists during a training camp accounting for the influence of protein timing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four professional U23 cyclists (19 ± 1 years, peak oxygen uptake: 79.8 ± 4.9 ml/kg/min) participated in a six-day training camp. Participants were randomized to consume a protein supplement (40 g of casein) before sleep (n = 8) or in the afternoon (n = 8), or an isoenergetic placebo (40 g of carbohydrates) before sleep (n = 8). Indicators of fatigue/recovery (Hooper index, Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes, countermovement jump), body composition, and performance (1-, 5-, and 20-minute time trials, as well as the estimated critical power) were assessed as study outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The training camp resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) increase in training loads (<i>e.g</i>. training stress score of 659 ± 122 per week during the preceding month versus 1207 ± 122 during the training camp), which induced an increase in fatigue indicators (e.g. time effect for Hooper index p < 0.001) and a decrease in performance (e.g. time effect for critical power p = 0.002). Protein intake was very high in all the participants (>2.5 g/kg on average), with significantly higher levels found in the two protein supplement groups compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). No significant between-group differences were found for any of the analyzed outcomes (all p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Protein supplementation, whether administered before sleep or earlier in the day, exerts no beneficial effects during a short-term strenuous training period in professional cyclists, who naturally consume a high-protein diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"20 1","pages":"2166366"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9848340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10581850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dose-response effects of arachidonic acid on primary human skeletal myoblasts and myotubes.","authors":"Brandon M Roberts,&nbsp;Alexander L Kolb,&nbsp;Alyssa V Geddis,&nbsp;Marshall A Naimo,&nbsp;Ronald W Matheny","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2164209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2164209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cellular inflammatory response, mediated by arachidonic acid (AA) and cyclooxygenase, is a highly regulated process that leads to the repair of damaged tissue. Recent studies on murine C2C12 cells have demonstrated that AA supplementation leads to myotube hypertrophy. However, AA has not been tested on primary human muscle cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether AA supplementation has similar effects on human muscle cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Proliferating and differentiating human myoblasts were exposed to AA in a dose-dependent manner (50-0.80 µM) for 48 (myoblasts) or 72 (myotubes) hours. Cell viability was tested using a 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay and cell counting; myotube area was determined by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy; and anabolic signaling pathways were evaluated by western blot and RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data show that the treatment of primary human myoblasts treated with 50 µM and 25 µM of AA led to the release of PGE₂ and PGF_2α at levels higher than those of control-treated cells (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all concentrations). Additionally, 50 µM and 25 µM of AA suppressed myoblast proliferation, myotube area, and myotube fusion. Anabolic signaling indicated reductions in total and phosphorylated TSC2, AKT, S6, and 4EBP1 in myoblasts at 50 µM of AA (<i>p</i> < 0.01 for all), but not in myotubes. These changes were not affected by COX-2 inhibition with celecoxib.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, our data demonstrate that high concentrations of AA inhibit myoblast proliferation, myotube fusion, and myotube hypertrophy, thus revealing potential deleterious effects of AA on human skeletal muscle cell health and viability.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"20 1","pages":"2164209"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9817121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10507420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) conference and expo.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2056381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2056381","url":null,"abstract":"Dylan T. Wilburn, Steven B. Machek, Bernd Zechmann, Darryn S. Willoughby, FISSN Exercise & Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, & Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA; School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA Corresponding author: Dylan_Wilburn1@baylor.edu","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 Suppl 1","pages":"1-69"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9310654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40552074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural differences in hydration practices among physically active individuals: a narrative review","authors":"C. Leow, Beverly Tan, M. Miyashita, J. Lee","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2057196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2057196","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It is well-established that appropriate hydration practices are essential in promoting health and optimizing performance and recovery. However, evidence-based hydration guidelines may not be adopted due to cultural differences across countries, such as religious beliefs, traditions, preferences, and beverage availability. Examples of hydration practices influenced by culture include beer consumption after sports in Western countries, consumption of sugarcane juice in India and Ramadan fasting among Muslims. For most cultural hydration practices, there is limited scientific evidence on their effects on rehydration, exercise performance, and recovery. Despite possible benefits of various hydration practices on exercise performance and recovery, they are inconsistent with current evidence-based hydration recommendations. More research on the impacts of cultural hydration differences on physiology, performance, and recovery is warranted to allow evidence-based guidelines and advisories. Abbreviations: ABV: alcohol by volume, ACSM: American College of Sports Medicine, NATA: National Athletic Trainers’ Association, ROS: reactive oxygen species, TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"150 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44096989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes","authors":"Matthew T. Stratton, Madelin R. Siedler, Patrick S. Harty, Christian Rodriguez, Jake R. Boykin, Jacob J. Green, Dale S. Keith, Sarah J. White, Brielle DeHaven, Abegale D. Williams, G. Tinsley","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2060048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2060048","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background There is substantial consumer and practitioner interest in an emerging supplement class known as multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS), largely due to their prevalence in resistance training communities as well as research findings demonstrating the ergogenic impact of caffeine on muscular performance. However, limited research has examined the potential efficacy of non-caffeinated MIPS, despite their growing popularity among those who are caffeine-sensitive or who train later in the day. Methods Twenty-four resistance-trained college-aged males (n = 12) and females (n = 12) completed three visits in which they ingested either a caffeinated MIPS (C), an otherwise identical non-caffeinated MIPS (NC), or placebo in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover fashion. Squat isometric peak force (PFiso), rate of force development (RFD), and isokinetic performance were assessed. Upper and lower body maximal muscular strength and endurance were evaluated using the bench press and leg press, respectively. Visual analog scales for energy, focus, and fatigue were completed five times throughout the testing protocol. The effects of supplementation and biological sex on all variables were examined using linear mixed effects models. Results Significantly greater PFiso was observed in both C (b: 0.36 transformed units [0.09, 0.62]) and NC (b: 0.32 transformed units [95% CI: 0.05, 0.58]) conditions, relative to placebo. Early RFD (RFD50) may have been higher with supplementation, particularly in females, with no effects for late RFD (RFD200) or peak RFD. In addition, increases in subjective energy after supplement ingestion were noted for C, but not NC. No effects of supplementation on traditional resistance exercise performance or isokinetic squat performance were observed, other than a lower leg press one-repetition maximum for males in the NC condition. Conclusions These data indicate that acute ingestion of either a caffeinated or non-caffeinated pre-workout formulation improved maximal force production during an isometric squat test but did not provide additional benefit to leg press, bench press, or isokinetic squat performance over placebo, within the context of a laboratory environment. The consumption of a caffeinated, but not non-caffeinated, MIPS increased subjective ratings of energy over placebo when assessed as part of a testing battery.","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"126 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44015924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of physical training on intracellular and extracellular zinc concentrations","authors":"Víctor Toro-Román, J. Siquier-Coll, I. Bartolomé, F. Grijota, D. Muñoz, M. Maynar-Mariño","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2054665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2054665","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Physical exercise affects zinc (Zn) homeostasis. This study aimed to analyze the influence of physical training on extracellular (serum, plasma, and urine) and intracellular (erythrocytes and platelets) concentrations of Zn. Methods Forty young men, divided into a training group (TG; n = 20; 18.15 ± 0.27 years; 68.59 ± 4.18 kg; 1.76 ± 0.04 m) and a control group (CG; n = 20; 19.25 ± 0.39 years; 73.45 ± 9.04 kg; 1.79 ± 0.06 m), participated in this study. The TG was formed by semiprofessional soccer players from a youth category with a regular training plan of 10 h/week. The CG was formed by healthy men who did not practice physical exercise and had not followed any specific training plan. Plasma, serum, urine, erythrocyte, and platelet samples of Zn were obtained and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results The TG showed elevated plasma Zn concentrations (p < 0.01) despite similar intakes. However, TG showed reduced absolute (p < 0.01) and relative (p < 0.05) Zn concentrations in erythrocytes. Conclusions Athletes who underwent regular physical training showed elevated plasma and reduced erythrocyte Zn concentrations despite similar intakes to the CG.","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"110 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45335056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ergogenic effect of acute carnosine and anserine supplementation: dosing, timing, and underlying mechanism","authors":"S. de Jager, L. Blancquaert, Thibaux Van der Stede, E. Lievens, S. De Baere, S. Croubels, E. Gilardoni, L. Regazzoni, G. Aldini, J. Bourgois, W. Derave","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2053300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2053300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Recent studies suggest that acute-combined carnosine and anserine supplementation has the potential to improve the performance of certain cycling protocols. Yet, data on optimal dose, timing of ingestion, effective exercise range, and mode of action are lacking. Three studies were conducted to establish dosing and timing guidelines concerning carnosine and anserine intake and to unravel the mechanism underlying the ergogenic effects. Methods First, a dose response study A was conducted in which 11 men randomly received placebo, 10, 20, or 30 mg.kg−1 of both carnosine and anserine. They performed 3x maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC), followed by a 5 x 6 s repeated cycling sprint ability test (RSA), once before the supplement and 30 and 60 minutes after. In a second study, 15 men performed 3x MVCs with femoral nerve electrical stimulation, followed by an RSA test, once before 30 mg.kg−1 carnosine and anserine and 60 minutes after. Finally, in study C, eight men performed a high intensity cycling training after randomly ingesting 30 mg.kg−1 of carnosine and anserine, a placebo or antihistamines (reduce post-exercise blood flow) to investigate effects on muscle perfusion. Results Study A showed a 3% peak power (p = 0.0005; 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.27; ES = 0.91) and 4.5% peak torque (p = 0.0006; 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.50; ES = 0.87) improvement on RSA and MVC, with 30 mg.kg−1 carnosine + anserine ingestion 60 minutes before the performance yielding the best results. Study B found no performance improvement on group level; however, a negative correlation (r = −0.54; p = 0.0053; 95% CI = −0.77 to −0.19) was found between carnosinase enzyme activity (responsible for carnosine and anserine breakdown) and performance improvement. No effect of the supplement on neuromuscular function nor on muscle perfusion was found. Conclusions These studies reveal that acute ingestion of 30 mg.kg−1 of both carnosine and anserine, 60 minutes before a high intensity exercise, can potentially improve performance, such as short cycling sprints or maximal muscle contractions. Subjects with lower carnosinase activity, and thus a slower breakdown of circulating dipeptides, appear to benefit more from this ergogenic effect. Finally, neither the involvement of a direct effect on neuromuscular function, nor an indirect effect on recovery through increased muscle perfusion could be confirmed as potential mechanism of action. The ergogenic mechanism therefore remains elusive.","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"70 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46411280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}