Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Acute effects of isolated and combined dietary nitrate and caffeine ingestion on ergometer-based 1000 m time trial performance in highly trained kayakers.","authors":"Johannes Pollex, Martin Behrens, Thomas Mittlmeier, Sven Bruhn, Matthias Weippert","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2459095","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2459095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary nitrate (BR) and caffeine (CAF) ingestion have been shown to increase sports performance. However, the isolated and combined effects of BR and CAF ingestion on time trial (TT) performance as well as the accompanying physiological and perceptual responses have never been investigated in highly trained kayak athletes. Therefore, the present study examined the impact of an isolated and combined supplementation with BR (140 ml beetroot concentrate, ~12.5 mmol nitrate) and CAF (3 mg/kg bodyweight) on 1000 m ergometer TT performance as well as the accompanying physiological (i.e. cardiorespiratory function, muscle oxygenation, muscle activity) and perceptual responses (i.e. fatigue, effort, and exercise-induced pain perception) in male highly trained kayakers. It was hypothesized that the isolated ingestion of BR and CAF would both improve ergometer-based 1000 m TT performance and induce supplement-specific physiological and perceptual responses. Considering the primary effects of BR on muscle function and of CAF on the central nervous system, it was further assumed that the combined ingestion will result in an additional performance increase and supplement-specific physiological and perceptual responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover design, 12 male highly trained kayak athletes from local clubs were investigated. They completed four measurement sessions resulting in four randomized conditions: (i) BR+CAF; (ii) BR+CAF placebo (BR+PLA); (iii) CAF+BR placebo (CAF+PLA); and (iv) BR placebo + CAF placebo (PLA+PLA). An air-braked instrumented kayak-ergometer was used to record 1000 m TT performance, power output, and stroke frequency. Heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO₂), maximum VO₂ (VO_2max), respiratory equivalent of O₂ (VE/VO₂), and carbon dioxide (VE/VCO₂) were measured continuously. Furthermore, oxygenation of the deltoid muscle was measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (mNIRS) and muscle activity of nine unilateral muscles with surface electromyography (i.e. deltoideus, serratus anterior, triceps brachii caput lateralis, trapezius, infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, obliquus externus, flexor carpi radialis, and vastus lateralis muscle) during the 1000 m TT. After the TT, fatigue, effort, and exercise-induced pain perception were queried. One- and two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures were conducted to determine differences between conditions for the entire 1000 m TT and predefined sections (0-50 m, 50-100 m, 100-150 m, 150-250 m, 250-500 m, 500-750 m, 750-1000 m), respectively (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The supplements did not have an ergogenic effect on TT performance compared to the PLA+PLA condition, either in isolation or in combination. The same applied to the majority of physiological parameters and the perceptual responses. Neverthe","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2459095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport supplementation in competitive swimmers: a systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Raúl Domínguez, Inmaculada López-León, Javier Moreno-Lara, Esteban Rico, Antonio J Sánchez-Oliver, Ángela Sánchez-Gómez, Javier Pecci","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2486988","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2486988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Competitive swimmers have a high prevalence of sports supplement (SS) consumption. However, only a few SS are scientifically proven to be safe, effective, and legal. Therefore, before incorporating supplements to enhance performance and health in competitive swimming, it is crucial to conduct an analysis and review to assess their effects. The objective of this study was to analyze the demonstrated effects of SS, as reported in published studies, on the swimming performance of competitive swimmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across six databases for the selection of studies included in this review. Studies that analyzed the effects of sports supplementation compared to placebo were included and subjected to meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This revision included 23 studies, 16 of them (69.6%) qualified as excellent and 7 (30.4%) as good at the methodological level based on the punctuation in the PEDro scale. The systematic review included 422 swimmers (61.8% male, 38.2% female), with distances assessed ranging from 50 m to 800 m, including studies employing interval procedures. Creatine showed a significant effect (ES = -0.46; 95% CIs = -0.75 to -0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.002; I² = 11%) on swimming performance, while the rest of the analyzed supplements did not show significant effects (all <i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Creatine supplementation demonstrated ergogenic benefits for competitive swimmers, although the evidence supporting the use of this supplement is still limited. Sodium bicarbonate and β-alanine may enhance performance in distances with higher glycolytic demands, while caffeine is effective at dosages of 3-6 mg/kg administered 60 min before exercise. Further research is needed to confirm the potential ergogenic effects of other supplements, such as beetroot juice.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2486988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training load influences gut microbiome of highly trained rowing athletes.","authors":"B Charlesson, J Jones, C Abbiss, P Peeling, S Watts, C T Christophersen","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2507952","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2507952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the importance of the gut microbiome on physical performance and health, little is known on the impact of training on an athlete's gut health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the effect of training load on markers of gut health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole stool (24 h) samples were collected from 23 highly trained rowers (mean ± SD; age 19.2 ± 1.1 y; weight 80.1 ± 11.4 kg; height 1.83 ± 0.09 m) following periods of high (HT) and low training load (LT). The microbiome and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were characterized from the whole stool samples. Three-day weighted food records were used to determine diet quality (ADIcore), macronutrient, and fiber intakes during HT and LT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By design, training duration (147%) and intensity (130%) were greater during (HT), compared with (LT) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Carbohydrate, fat, protein, and fiber intake remained stable, but ADIcore was higher in HT (55 ± 10) compared with LT (49 ± 9; t(15) = 2.78, <i>p =</i> 0.014; CI: 1.34 to 10.155). Stool frequency (1.11 ± 0.47 vs 0.67 ± 0.76; <i>p =</i> 0.007) was lower in HT compared with LT, and a greater number of participants were unable to produce a stool sample during LT (8% vs 47%). Short chain fatty acid (SCFA), propionic (120.64 ± 30.06 mm vs 91.35 ± 34.91 mm; <i>p =</i> 0.007), and butyric acid (104.76 ± 50.02 vs 64.23 ± 22.05 mm, <i>p =</i> 0.003) concentrations were lower in HT compared with LT. Alpha diversity, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (3.43 ± 0.37 vs 3.67 ± 0.34, <i>p =</i> 0.09) was lower in HT than LT. The abundance of the dominant <i>Bacteroidia</i> was greater at HT compared to LT and ratio of firmicutes to <i>Bacteroidota</i> (<i>n</i> = 16, 1.31 ± 1.19 vs 4.29 ± 3.88, t(15) = -3.44, <i>p =</i> 0.04, CI = -4.82 to -1.13) was lower in HT compared to LT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results of this study indicate that gut microbiome, SCFA concentrations, stool frequency, and diet quality vary between periods of high and low training load in athletes. The relationship between these factors and impact of such changes in gut health is currently unclear and warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2507952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different dietary supplements on athletic performance in soccer players: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Hua Luo, Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden, Xiaolin Zhu, Changqing Xiang, Nurul Amelina Nasharuddin","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2467890","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2467890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As dietary supplements play a crucial role in meeting the unique nutritional needs of soccer players, a growing body of studies are exploring the effects of dietary supplements on athletic performance in soccer players. The effectiveness of certain supplements, such as caffeine and creatine, remains debated due to inconsistent results across studies. Therefore, this systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to tentatively identify the most effective dietary supplements for soccer players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and SPORTDiscus from database establishment to 5 February 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of different dietary supplements on athletic performance in soccer players. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed using the R software and Stata 18.0. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on the competitive level of the athletes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty RCTs were included, with 1,425 soccer players randomly receiving 31 different dietary supplements or placebo. The network meta-analysis showed that compared with placebo, carbohydrate + protein (SMD: 2.2, very large), carbohydrate + electrolyte (SMD: 1.3, large), bovine colostrum (SMD: moderate) and caffeine (SMD: 0.29, small) were associated with a significant effect on increasing the distance covered. <i>Kaempferia parviflora</i> (SMD: 0.46, small) was associated with a significant effect on enhancing muscular strength. Beta-alanine (SMD: 0.83, moderate), melatonin (SMD: 0.75, moderate), caffeine (SMD: 0.37, small), and creatine (SMD: 0.33, small) were associated with a significant effect on enhancing jump height. Magnesium creatine chelate (SMD: -3.0, very large), melatonin (SMD: -1.9, large), creatine + sodium bicarbonate (SMD: -1.4, large), and arginine (SMD: -1.2, moderate) were associated with a significant effect on decreasing sprint time. Creatine + sodium bicarbonate (SMD: -2.3, very large) and caffeine (SMD: -0.38, small) were associated with a significant effect on improving agility. Sodium pyruvate (SMD: 0.50, small) was associated with a significant effect on increasing peak power. Magnesium creatine chelate (SMD: 1.3, large) and sodium pyruvate (SMD: 0.56, small) were associated with a significant effect on increasing mean power. Carbohydrate + electrolyte (SMD: -0.56, small) was associated with a significant effect on improving the rating of perceived exertion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that a range of dietary supplements, including caffeine, creatine, creatine + sodium bicarbonate, magnesium creatine chelate, carbohydrate + electrolyte, carbohydrate + protein, arginine, beta-alanine, bovine colostrum, <i>Kaempferia parviflora</i>, melatonin, and sodium pyruvate, can improv","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2467890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated extracellular water to total body water ratio and low phase angle in relation to muscle function in middle-aged and older adults.","authors":"Ting-Fu Lai, Jong-Hwan Park, Minwoo Jang, Jiaren Chen, Myung-Jun Shin, Eunsoo Moon, Jung Mo Kang, Jong Won Lee, Yoon Jae Cho, Yung Liao, Tae Sik Goh, Jung Sub Lee","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2536693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2536693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decline in muscle function is a major health concern in aging populations, increasing the risk for disability and frailty. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) offers a practical method to assess physiological status in community settings. BIA-derived parameters include the phase angle (PhA), an indicator of cellular health and integrity, and the extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW) ratio, which reflects fluid balance and systemic inflammation. Objective: While these markers have been independently linked to adverse health outcomes, their combined utility for stratifying the risk of functional decline remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the joint association of PhA and ECW/TBW status with poor muscle function in middle-aged and older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 695 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 50 years (mean age 75.7 ± 8.9 years; 21.4% male; mean BMI 24.6 ± 3.6 kg/m²). PhA and ECW/TBW were measured using a BWA 2.0 Body Water Analyzer (InBody BWA, Inc. Audubon, PA, USA) in a seated position. Participants were categorized into three groups based on their PhA and ECW/TBW status: Normal PhA/Normal ECW/TBW (<i>n</i> = 258), Normal PhA/Elevated ECW/TBW (<i>n</i> = 323), and Lower PhA/Elevated ECW/TBW (<i>n</i> = 114). Logistic regression was used to assess the association with low physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery score ≤ 9) and low grip strength.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for demographic and clinical confounders, the Lower PhA/Elevated ECW/TBW group showed significant associations with both low physical function (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.63-5.81) and low grip strength (OR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.20-4.85), as well as their co-occurrence (OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.53-6.27). No significant associations were found for the Normal PhA/Elevated ECW/TBW group after adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of a lower PhA and an elevated ECW/TBW ratio is significantly associated with poor muscle function. This combined BIA profile may serve as a useful, noninvasive screening tool for identifying individuals at high risk of functional decline in community settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2536693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific impacts of caffeine on body composition: commentary on a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Anna Vittoria Mattioli","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2454633","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2454633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the impact of caffeine intake on body composition is a topic of growing research interest. The article \"Association Between Caffeine Intake and Fat-Free Mass Index: A Retrospective Cohort Study\" by Tian et al. explored this relationship, highlighting a positive correlation between caffeine consumption and fat-free mass index (FFMI). In this letter to the editor, we discuss the broader implications of these findings, emphasizing the need for further exploration of the underlying biological and lifestyle factors influencing caffeine's effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide critical insights into the mechanisms and contextual factors that may explain the observed association between caffeine intake and FFMI, with particular focus on sex-specific differences, hormonal influences, and lifestyle interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This letter to editor builds on the findings of Tian et al., drawing from related literature and prior research to contextualize the potential mechanisms and broader implications of caffeine's impact on body composition. The discussion highlights key areas requiring further investigation, including the role of hormonal modulation, genetic variability, and long-term effects on muscle health.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The positive association between caffeine intake and FFMI, particularly among women and younger populations, underscores the ergogenic potential of caffeine in enhancing muscle performance and metabolic efficiency. This letter expands on the study by emphasizing the role of hormonal factors, such as estrogen's modulation of CYP1A2, the liver enzyme critical for caffeine metabolism. The discussion also highlights the complex interplay between caffeine and other lifestyle factors. Finally, this commentary calls attention to the need for more research into the differential effects of caffeine sources, such as energy drinks and supplements, which often include additional ingredients with distinct metabolic and cardiovascular effects. These alternative sources may influence body composition differently than traditional coffee-based caffeine intake, an area that remains underexplored.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2454633"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of concurrent, resistance, or aerobic training on body fat loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Kworweinski Lafontant, Alexa Rukstela, Ardis Hanson, Janet Chan, Yasamian Alsayed, Wayne A Ayers-Creech, Cassidy Bale, Yuto Ohigashi, John Solis, Gretchen Shelton, Indira Alur, Cassandra Resler, Andrew Heath, Savannah Ericksen, Scott C Forbes, Bill I Campbell","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2507949","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2507949","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the differential effects of resistance training (RT), aerobic training (AT), and concurrent training (CT) on body mass and body fat loss in metabolically healthy individuals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic search of PubMed, SportDiscus, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials published between January 1980 and January 2023, comparing RT, AT, and CT in healthy adults was conducted. Primary outcomes of interest included changes in fat mass and body fat percentage; secondary outcomes were body mass and fat-free mass (FFM). Sub-analyses on intervention duration (&lt; or ≥ 10 weeks), CT timing (aerobic and resistance exercises done on the same day versus different days within a week), and workload matching (equating workloads between AT, RT, and CT), were conducted. Study protocols followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and were pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023396530).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In total, 36 studies with 1564 participants were included in the systematic review, with only 31 studies included in the meta-analysis due to missing data. For studies lasting at least 10 weeks, AT outperformed RT in reducing body mass (mean difference (MD) = -1.82 kg [95% CI = -2.72 to -0.93]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and fat mass (MD = -1.06 kg [95% CI = -1.88 to -0.24]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01) but led to less FFM retention (MD = - 0.88 kg [95% CI = -1.73 to -0.03], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04). CT reduced significantly more fat mass compared to RT (MD: -1.09 kg [95% CI = -0.27 to -1.91]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009). No significant differences were found between CT, AT, and RT in altering body fat percentage (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). For studies shorter than 10 weeks, no significant differences were noted across exercise modalities (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Under conditions where AT, RT, and CT workloads were matched, similar fat mass, body mass, body fat percentage, and FFM changes were observed between exercise modalities (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Similar body mass and body fat percentage loss was observed between same-day and different-day CT (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05); body fat mass loss only differed in a single study (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1) when comparing RT to different-day CT (aerobic and resistance exercises done on different days within a week).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;While there are no differences in percent body fat loss between exercise modes, AT and CT are more effective than RT alone in reducing absolute fat mass; however, RT neither improved nor impeded fat mass loss when incorporated into CT. Combining aerobic and resistance exercises on the same-day or different-day does not appear to influence the effectiveness of CT. When exercise interventions are short in duration (&lt;10 weeks), there does not appear to be a difference in fat loss between exercise modalities. These results support the concurrent use of aerobic and resistance exercises for fat mass reduction, as well as an emphasis on ","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2507949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-sleep casein ingestion with probiotic strains improves anaerobic power and lower-body-specific strength and power performance in soccer players.","authors":"Reza Sadeghi, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Fereshteh Eftekhari, Babak Imanian, Negar Koureshfard","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2505184","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2505184","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Probiotics comprise various strains that offer numerous health benefits. Researchers have recently focused on the relationship between probiotic consumption and improved gut microbiota function, enhanced digestion, increased nutrient absorption, and enhanced sports performance. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of pre-sleep casein intake, coupled with probiotic strains, on soccer players' anaerobic power, lower-body-specific strength, and power performance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study was conducted with forty-four male soccer players (Age: 22.81 ± 2.76 years, Height: 177.90 ± 6.75 cm, Weight: 67.42 ± 8.44 kg). The participants underwent the isokinetic strength, Wall-squat, and running-based anaerobic sprint (RAST) tests initially; then, they were randomly divided into four groups: probiotics (PRO), casein (CAS), probiotics with casein (PRO+CAS), and placebo (PLA). The PRO groups were given one probiotic capsule (containing eight bacterial strains: &lt;i&gt;Lactiplantibacillus plantarum&lt;/i&gt; BP06, &lt;i&gt;Lacticaseibacillus casei&lt;/i&gt; BP07, &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus acidophilus&lt;/i&gt; BA05, &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus bulgaricus&lt;/i&gt; BD08, Bifidobacterium infantis BI04, &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium longum&lt;/i&gt; BL03, &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium breve&lt;/i&gt; BB02, and &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus thermophilus&lt;/i&gt; BT01, with a total dose of 4.5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt; CFU) during dinner, while the CAS groups consumed 20 grams of casein powder 45 minutes before bed. The PRO+CAS group was given one probiotic capsule during dinner and 20 grams of casein powder 45 minutes before bed. The participants in the PLA group were given one red capsule (containing 5 grams of starch) during dinner. All participants were instructed to take the supplements only on training days, three times a week for four weeks. Additionally, isokinetic strength parameters, including absolute peak torque (APT) and average rate of force development (AvRFD), were measured for the knee extensors (ext) and flexors (flx) muscles (concentric phase at angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s, using the dominant leg). One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) or Quade tests with a significance level of &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05 was used to analyze the collected data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;The current study's findings indicated that APT-180°/s (ext) significantly increased in CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.008) and PRO+CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) compared to PLA. Additionally, the AvRFD-180°/s (ext) increased significantly in the PRO compared to the PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007). Also, the AvRFD-60°/s (flx) increased significantly in the PRO+CAS group compared to the PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.014), CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001), and PRO (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007). Furthermore, the AvRFD-180°/s (flx) increased significantly in the PRO+CAS compared to the CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010). Moreover, the RAST average power increased dramatically in PRO+CAS compared to PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) and CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02). Ad","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2505184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in energy intake, sweat rate, and electrolyte loss among world-class archers during competition.","authors":"Ozcan Esen, Stuart Goodall","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2528532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2528532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited evidence reports energy and macronutrient intake during competitive archery and whether any sex differences exist. Understanding these factors will provide insights into physiological demands and could inform more effective strategies to optimize performance for all archers in this precision-demanding sport. This study aimed to evaluate sweat rate (SR), sweat electrolyte loss, and energy intake (EI) in world-class archers throughout competition.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eight (4 females) elite-standard archers (age: 21 ± 2 and 19 ± 1 years; body mass: 65.1 ± 2.8 and 60.1 ± 4.1 kg; stature: 179.3 ± 5.1 and 162.3 ± 0.8 cm, for males and females, respectively) from the Turkish National Archery Team participated. Data were collected over four days; assessments of hydration, SR, sweat composition ([Na⁺] and [K⁺]), and nutritional intake were completed at the same time each day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male archers consumed more total energy (2,889 vs. 2,353 kcal, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and carbohydrates (5.3 vs. 3.9 g/kg, <i>p</i> = 0.046) compared to females, with intake fluctuating based on competition demands (i.e. match duration, and the total distance walked). SR and sweat [K⁺] loss, were greater in males compared to females (<i>p</i> ≤0.006). In contrast, no sex differences were observed in other hydration parameters (sweat [Na⁺] loss, urine-specific gravity). Moreover, all archers maintained adequate hydration status throughout the competition, with no differences in pre- and post-competition hydration levels (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study expands on previous research by incorporating sex-specific analyses, demonstrating that while energy and carbohydrate intake varies between male and female archers, hydration-related variables remain consistent.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2528532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring bioelectric impedance outputs following coffee consumption in healthy adults using an 8-electrode segmental BIA device.","authors":"Christopher Chamberlin, Aldo Lena, Dimple Radia, Dale Rees, John Lodge, James Rutherford, Bruno Cesar da Silva Dos Santos, Bhaven Patel, Shawn McLaren","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2528531","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2528531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) is increasingly used to measure body composition in athletic, clinical and research settings. The reliability of BIA measurements relies on following procedures carefully. However, some practices for ensuring reliable measures may be unnecessarily restrictive. Previous research using BIA outputs as study outcome measures, has required participants to avoid coffee and caffeine-containing foods and beverages prior to measurements. The aim of this study was to determine whether BIA outputs are affected by coffee consumption at different caffeine concentrations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a blinded, randomized, cross-over trial design. Participants (<i>n</i> = 13) received one of three treatments per visit: 200 mL hot water (80°C) mixed with 5 g instant coffee, 2.5 g instant coffee with 2.5 g decaffeinated coffee, or 5 g decaffeinated instant coffee. Body composition and fluid parameters were measured over 50 minutes using a Seca mBCA 515 device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The treatment predictor (<i>p</i> > 0.05) and sex-time-treatment interaction for all outcomes was found to be non-significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The time predictor was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for impedance, resistance and reactance but not for phase angle ϕ50 (<i>p</i> = 0.731), ϕ5 (<i>p</i> = 0.059) or urine osmolality (<i>p</i> = 0.066). The sex predictor was statistically significant for Z₅₀ (<i>p</i> = 0.001), Z₅ (<i>p</i> = 0.002), R₅₀ (<i>p</i> = 0.001), R₅ (<i>p</i> = 0.002), ϕ₅₀ (<i>p</i> = 0.01), ϕ₅ (<i>p</i> = 0.049), fat mass (%) (<i>p</i> = 0.016) and fat free mass (%) (<i>p</i> = 0.016). The effect size for this predictor was η²_G < 0.336. A significant sex-time interaction was found for Z₅₀ (<i>p</i> = 0.025) with a small effect size (η²_G < 0.01). Effect sizes for the treatment predictor and time-treatment interaction were found to be small (η²_G < 0.01). Effect size for the time predictor was small (η²_G > 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in impedance, resistance and reactance were detected over the course of the experiment, and these changes were greater than could be explained by the technical error of measurement. However, the amount of caffeine in coffee did not affect BIA outputs. Effect sizes were small, suggesting little practical significance of drinking coffee before taking BIA measurements. Therefore, coaches, athletes, researchers and clinicians may be able to obtain reliable BIA measurements even when coffee has been consumed up to 50 minutes prior to measurements, however, fluid consumption and being adequately hydrated should still be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2528531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}