Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effect of different sports drink compositions on endurance performance and substrate oxidation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in trained athletes.","authors":"Sascha Ketelhut, Martin Moehle, Laura Hottenrott","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2516004","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2516004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The consumption of sports drinks before, during, and after endurance exercise is a common practice among athletes. These drinks typically contain a variety of components, each of which has been shown to offer individual benefits. However, the combined effects of these components, as formulated in many sports drinks, have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to evaluate the impact of typical sports drink components on endurance performance, perceived exertion, and carbohydrate and fat metabolism, using a sequential additive design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve healthy, trained endurance athletes aged 20 to 35 years participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The study involved a baseline assessment and four exercise protocols, each separated by a 7-day washout period. During each exercise protocol, participants cycled for 40 minutes at 80% of their previously determined peak oxygen uptake , followed by an incremental protocol performed to voluntary exhaustion. Participants were randomly assigned to ingest one of four 300 ml solutions 60 and 30 minutes before each exercise protocol: solution A (placebo mineral water), solution B (dextrose and sodium), solution C (solution B + beetroot extract), or solution D (solution C + arginine and L-citrulline). Ventilation and heart rate were continuously monitored before and throughout the exercise. Lactate and glucose levels were measured at specific time points before and during the exercise, while ratings of perceived exertion were recorded every 10 minutes. Power output was continuously tracked throughout the exercise protocol. Body weight was assessed both before and after each exercise session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences between the four solutions in terms of time to exhaustion (<i>p</i> = .703), power output (<i>p</i> = .822), peak oxygen uptake (<i>p</i> = 990), maximum lactate concentration (<i>p</i> = .720), and maximum heart rate (<i>p</i> = .884). During the exercise, no significant differences were observed in lactate and glucose concentrations, heart rate, or ventilatory parameters (ps > .050). However, significant differences (<i>p</i> < .001) in blood glucose concentrations were noted at rest and during the warm-up phase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effect of the tested sports drink compositions on performance during the selected exercise protocol to voluntary exhaustion appears minimal. This study found no significant differences between the solutions and the placebo. Thus, it can be concluded that consuming a dextrose-based solution before exercise did not offer any performance advantage over water. The additional substances included in solutions B, C, and D did not influence performance, carbohydrate metabolism, or fat metabolism during the exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2516004"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta-alanine supplementation improves time to exhaustion, but not aerobic capacity, in competitive middle- and long-distance runners.","authors":"David Marko, Ronald L Snarr, Petr Bahenský, Václav Bunc, Miroslav Krajcigr, Tomáš Malý","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2521336","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2521336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Beta-alanine (βA) is a non-essential amino acid purportedly used to enhance aerobic exercise performance. While previous research indicates the benefits of βA on time to exhaustion (TTE) and aerobic capacity (VO_2peak) in adults, evidence is lacking in adolescent athletes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 4 weeks of βA supplementation on aerobic performance in adolescent runners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven middle- and long-distance runners (aged 17.36 ± 2.17 years) were randomly divided into a βA or placebo (PL) group (maltodextrin). Subjects performed maximal graded exercise tests (GXT) and submaximal trials (SMT; 80% of VO_2peak for 1500 m) on a treadmill before and after 14 and 28 days of supplementation or PL. Respiratory (V_E) metabolic (VO₂, RER, lactate [La]), and cardiovascular (HR) variables were measured during the GXT and SMT, along with the first (VT1) and second ventilatory threshold (VT2) and TTE monitored during the GXT only. Within- and between-group differences were assessed using a repeated-measures mixed-model analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicated that despite a trivial increase in VO_2peak over 4 weeks, the βA group increased TTE by 6.5% compared to 1.4% in the PL group (<i>d</i> = 0.46). Additionally, small effects in HR_max, V_E, [La], and TTE were observed between groups favoring βA. Regarding the SMT, both average HR and RER decreased by 4% in the βA group, with no changes for the PL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite no evidence to suggest increases in VO_2peak, practitioners should note that improvements in TTE may be observed after 28 days of βA supplementation in adolescent runners.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2521336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional strategies for minimizing gastrointestinal symptoms during endurance exercise: systematic review of the literature.","authors":"Janez Mlinaric, Nina Mohorko","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2529910","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2529910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a critical role in achieving peak athletic performance either during training or in competitions. Despite its significance, the GI tract's role in the training process of athletes is often neglected, resulting in frequent GI symptoms. These disturbances are particularly prevalent in endurance sports, where GI function is commonly compromised, leading to adverse effects on performance. In this review, we examine potential nutritional causes of the GI symptoms and provide possible solutions to mitigate them, aiming to enhance athletes' overall performance and well-being.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PRISMA methodology was used to search through PubMed Database from January 2023 to March 2023. The selected studies were comprised of randomized controlled trials, crossover trials and case studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The studies were categorized into five distinct areas of research on GI symptoms in endurance exercise: gut training protocols, effects of different carbohydrate solutions and mixtures, low FODMAP diet, hydrogel CHO technology, and probiotic supplementation.Gut training protocols seem promising in improving GI symptoms over time. Optimizing carbohydrate intake during exercise according to current recommendations has been associated with lower incidence and severity of GI symptoms as well. The low FODMAP diet also shows potential to reduce GI symptoms, although its restrictive nature could negatively affect athletes in other ways. Hydrogel carbohydrate products, at present, do not demonstrate any benefits over standard carbohydrate products. Probiotic supplementation shows mixed evidence regarding its effectiveness in alleviating and reducing GI symptoms during endurance exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have acknowledged that the onset of GI symptoms is very complex, and that onset is influenced by a huge variety of factors. It should be emphasized that the elimination of GI symptoms in each athlete must be approached individually and thoughtfully.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2529910"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12258207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A caffeine and theacrine combination improves cognitive performance in tactical personnel under physically fatiguing conditions.","authors":"Blaine S Lints, Adam T Harrison, Sten O Stray-Gundersen, Gianna F Mastrofini, Riccardo F Romersi, Noah K Nakagawa, Mackenzie B Yoder, Chimaobim E Martin-Diala, Alexa J Chandler, R Davis Moore, Shawn M Arent","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2536146","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2536146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optimizing human performance under stressful physical and cognitive conditions is paramount during high-stakes military operations. As such, interventions to improve warfighter performance by mitigating task-induced cognitive performance deficits are necessary. While caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world, common side effects (i.e. anxiousness, micro-saccades, irritability) may be detrimental to warfighter operations. Theacrine, a purine alkaloid similar in structure to caffeine but with a longer half-life, less habituation, and fewer side effects, is proposed as a caffeine-alternative to enhance cognitive resilience.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tactically trained participants (<i>n</i> = 20; F = 5; <i>M</i> = 16; age = 21.5 ± 3.8 y) completed one baseline and three experimental visits. Baseline included familiarization with cognitive tasks and a graded exercise test to determine VO_2max. Experimental sessions, separated by ≥96 hours, were double-blind, placebo-controlled, and randomized. Participants completed cognitive testing (Dynavision, Trazer, Object Hit and Avoid, Anti-Saccade, Two-Back), consumed either 300 mg caffeine (CAF), 150 mg caffeine +150 mg theacrine (CTC), or placebo (PLA), and repeated cognitive tests 60-min post supplementation. After a high-intensity interval exercise session (10 intervals at >90% VO_2max with recovery), reaction time (RT) tests were repeated after the 4th and 8th intervals, as well as immediately and 30-min post-exercise. Heart rate was measured continuously. Change scores were calculated from baseline, and data analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05) with Bonferroni correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both CAF and CTC consistently enhanced cognitive and physical performance compared to PLA. In the Two-Back task, CTC showed significantly higher total accuracy (<i>p</i> < 0.01), while both CAF and CTC had fewer target (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and non-target errors (CAF: <i>p</i> = 0.03; CTC: <i>p</i> < 0.01) than PLA. CTC also had significantly faster RTs (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and lower RT variability for non-target trials compared to both PLA and CAF (<i>p</i> < 0.01). For the Dynavision Go/NoGo task, both CTC (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and CAF (<i>p</i> = 0.03) had significantly faster RTs than PLA, regardless of time point. Post-exercise, accuracy (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and RTs (<i>p</i> < 0.01) improved significantly compared to post-supplement. In the Object Hit & Avoid task, CAF and CTC significantly improved task accuracy (<i>p</i> < 0.01) while reducing omission (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and commission errors (<i>p</i> < 0.01) compared to PLA. HRV measures (RMSSD, NN intervals, SDNN) significantly increased post-supplementation (<i>p</i> < 0.01) but decreased immediately (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and 30 min post-exercise (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Blood lactate significantly declined at 5 (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and 10 min (<i>p</i> < 0.01) post-exe","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2536146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12284986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of milk fat globule membrane ingestion with exercise on physical strength in healthy young adults: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Kyosuke Nakayama, Kyoko Ito, Yoshihiko Minegishi, Noriyasu Ota, Shukuko Ebihara, Chiaki Sanbongi","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2535372","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2535372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a structural membrane that covers the globules of triglycerides dispersed in an emulsion of milk. In previous human studies, MFGM ingestion combined with light aerobic exercise training improved agility in elderly individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine whether 4 weeks of daily ingestion of MFGM combined with power training improves instantaneous physical strength - muscle strength, agility, and muscle power compared with placebo (whey protein isolate) in healthy young adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Ninety-eight healthy young adults aged 20-49 completed the study intervention, and they received either an MFGM powder containing 1.7 g of fat and 160 mg of sphingomyelin or an isocaloric placebo powder daily throughout 4 weeks (3 times/week) of power training. Physical strength tests and body composition measurements were conducted before and after the four-week intervention. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with baseline values as a covariate was carried out to test differences in post intervention values between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ingestion of MFGM significantly improved peak torque (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and average power (<i>p</i> = 0.019) of isokinetic knee extensors, leg press 1 repetition maximum (RM) (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and sit-ups reps (<i>p</i> = 0.030), but not indicators of agility, compared with placebo after the 4-week intervention. There were no significant changes in lean body mass during the intervention period in either group and no significant differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that daily MFGM supplementation combined with power training are effective to improve instantaneous physical strength, such as muscle strength and power, compared with placebo in healthy young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2535372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12281649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight loss practices in Chinese national and international-level Sanda athletes.","authors":"Yuming Zhong, Weiwei Tang, Thomas I Gee, Mengfan Li, Haidong Jiang, Mingyue Yin, Kai Xu, Nemanja Lakicevic, Patrik Drid, Christopher Kirk, Carl Langan-Evans, Guilherme Giannini Artioli, Reid Reale, Anthony Weldon, Yongming Li","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2551216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2551216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sanda is an unarmed combat sport (CS) comprises punching, kicking, throwing, wrestling, and defensive techniques that has increased in popularity. To ensure athletes compete against opponents of similar body size and weight for fairness, Sanda competition is classified according to weight classes. Previous studies revealed that CS athletes tend to intentionally lose weight to gain a competitive advantage over their opponents. However, little is known about weight loss (WL) practices in Sanda athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the WL practices of Chinese Sanda athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 169 (96 males, 73 females) national and international-level Sanda athletes completed the Rapid WL Questionnaire. Participants were categorized by sex (male, female), age (junior, senior), competition weight categories, and competitive levels (national, international).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over half (56%) of athletes purposefully implemented WL practices pre-competition. Their mean habitual WL was 7.6 ± 3.7%, and mean highest WL was 10.8 ± 4.2%. Participants usually allocated 15+ days pre-competition for WL (64%). Their rapid WL score (RWLS) was 30.4 ± 6.4. There were no significant differences across Sanda athletes concerning habitual WL% (<i>p</i> = 0.386, <i>p</i> = 0.542, <i>p</i> = 0.207), highest WL% (<i>p</i> = 0.631, <i>p</i> = 0.232, <i>p</i> = 0.091), RWLS (<i>p</i> = 0.055, <i>p</i> = 0.395, <i>p</i> = 0.736) between junior and senior athletes, across weight categories, or between competitive levels. There were no significant differences in habitual WL% across WL time (<i>p</i> = 0.135). However, male athletes habitual WL% (<i>p</i> = 0.009), highest WL% (<i>p</i> = 0.002), number of WL in the last year between sexes (<i>p</i> = 0.048), and RWLS (<i>p</i> = 0.011) were significantly higher than female athletes. International athletes more frequently conducted WL per year than national athletes (<i>p</i> = 0.005). There were no significant differences in age groups (<i>p</i> = 0.447) and weight categories (<i>p</i> = 0.585). Participants usually allocated 15+ days before the competition for WL (64%), followed by 11-14 days (21%), 8-10 days (5%), 6-7 days (4%), 4-5 days (4%), and 1-3 days (1%). Training in plastic suits (87.4%), increasing exercise (85.2%), skipping meals (56.8%), limiting fluid intake (75.8%), gradually dieting (60.0%), and training in a heated room (54.7%) were the most frequently used WL practices for Sanda athletes. Sports coach (68.5%), strength and conditioning coaches/physical trainers (42.1%), other athletes (same sport) (39.0%), and parents (32.6%) were considered to have the highest impact on athletes' WL practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found the prevalence of WL is relatively low among Chinese national and international Sanda athletes, but the magnitudes are very high compared to other combat sports. Given that ","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2551216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12395625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creatine in women's health: bridging the gap from menstruation through pregnancy to menopause.","authors":"Abbie E Smith-Ryan, Gabrielle M DelBiondo, Ann F Brown, Susan M Kleiner, Nhi T Tran, Stacey J Ellery","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2502094","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2502094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Creatine supplementation in women has gained attention for its potential benefits beyond muscle growth, including reproductive health, cognitive health and aging. Women exhibit distinct physiological differences from men, influenced by hormonal fluctuations during pre-menopause, pregnancy, and menopause, and these factors should be considered for their influence on creatine metabolism.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to provide a historical evaluation of creatine supplementation in women, its potential applications across female-specific life stages, recent research highlights, and targets for future research. The review also considers the impact of hormonal changes on creatine metabolism and effectiveness as a dietary supplementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a narrative overview of historical and recent research evaluating the effects of creatine in women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early studies demonstrated the benefits of creatine on exercise performance in women, though they often overlooked menstrual cycle variability. Recent research has begun to account for these hormonal fluctuations, enhancing the understanding of creatine's applications. Creatine supplementation has shown positive effects on muscle strength, exercise performance, and body composition, particularly when combined with resistance training. Additionally, creatine may improve mood and cognitive function, potentially alleviating symptoms of depression. Emerging evidence suggests creatine's benefits during pregnancy and post-menopause, though data on perimenopausal women remains limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Creatine supplementation presents a promising strategy for enhancing various aspects of women's health across the lifespan. Future research should focus on optimizing dosing strategies, understanding long-term health implications, and exploring creatine's effects during pregnancy and perimenopause.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2502094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single high-dose vitamin D supplementation impacts ultramarathon-induced changes in serum levels of bone turnover markers: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Błażej Stankiewicz, Andrzej Kochanowicz, Paulina Brzezińska, Bartłomiej Niespodziński, Joanna Reczkowicz, Tomasz Waldziński, Tomasz Kowalik, Elżbieta Piskorska, Ewelina Wędrowska, Jędrzej Antosiewicz, Jan Mieszkowski","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2561661","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2561661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies indicate a protective role of vitamin D supplementation against sports performance-induced dysregulation of body homeostasis. However, the effects of a single high dose of vitamin D on changes in bone formation and resorption markers due to ultramarathon running have yet to be explored. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a single high-dose vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of bone turnover markers after a mountain ultramarathon run.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this clinical trial (reg. number NCT03417700), 35 semiprofessional male ultramarathon runners were assigned into two groups: supplemented group, administered a single high dose of vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol, 150,000 IU) in vegetable oil 24 h before the start of the run (<i>n</i> = 16), and placebo group (<i>n</i> = 19), administered placebo solution 24 h before the start of the run. Blood samples were collected for analysis at three timepoints: 24 h before, immediately after, and 24 h after the run.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum 25(OH)D₃ level significantly increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05.) after the ultramarathon in both groups. The increase was more pronounced in the supplemented population, especially 24 h after the run (147.01% vs 84.71%). According to post-hoc and other analyses, the levels of N-terminal propeptides of type I collagen, a PINP marker, were increased immediately after the run. The increase was significantly higher in the supplemented group than in the control group. CTX, PTH, sclerostin, and procalcitonin levels were significantly higher 24 h after the run in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The observed attenuation of post-exercise bone resorption and enhancement of bone formation suggest that vitamin D supplementation may modulate bone metabolism in response to extreme physical exertion, potentially through effects on calcium - PTH homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2561661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12447467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between dietary patterns and sarcopenia: insights from cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization analyses.","authors":"Jiale Tan, Xinyi Chen, Zhen Peng, Hongyu Bai, Luze Shi, Yaying Sun, Jiwu Chen","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2564239","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2564239","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder characterized by the accelerated loss of muscle mass and function. Current studies have revealed the significant impact of some dietary factors on the development and progression of sarcopenia. However, these studies often focused on single nutrients but little had examined complete dietary strategies. Thus, comprehensive evaluations of diverse dietary factors in larger populations are crucial for effectively adjusting diets to delay sarcopenia progression, enhancing quality of life and independence in the elderly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to assess the potential correlation between various dietary factors and sarcopenia based on the population data from the UK Biobank. This analysis employed multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for different covariates (demographic data including age, sex, ethnics, etc., and potential confounders including smoking status, activity group, body mass index, etc.). Furthermore, to evaluate the robustness of our findings, we performed sub-analyses and calculated the Variance Inflation Factor. To investigate the causal influence of dietary factors on sarcopenia-related phenotypes, including low hand grip strength and appendicular lean mass (ALM), we conducted a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. The analytic methods of MR were selected based on the outcomes of sensitivity analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In the cross-sectional analysis, a total of 211,027 participants were included in the final analysis, with a mean age of 56 years, comprising 104,271 females and 106,756 males. We identified significant correlations between the frequency and type of food intake and sarcopenia. For probable sarcopenia diagnosed by grip strength, a higher intake frequency of oily fish is negatively correlated with sarcopenia risk, whereas processed meat shows a positive correlation. Preference for FloraPro-Active/Benecol in spreads also relates to a reduced risk. Preliminary findings indicate correlations between tea (OR = 1.02, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), coffee (OR = 1.02, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), fresh fruit intake (OR = 1.01, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), and probable sarcopenia. For confirmed sarcopenia diagnosed by grip strength and ALM, a higher intake frequency of processed meat could increase sarcopenia risk and preference for Bran cereal in cereal type and wholemeal or wholegrain in bread type also related to a reduced risk. The MR analysis revealed that coffee (ground coffee (OR = 3.44, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0035), instant coffee (OR = 2.69, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.015), decaffeinated coffee (OR = 3.94, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0004)) intake significantly increased the risk of low grip strength, while water (OR = 1.06, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.000398) and fruit (OR = 1.10, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0065) intake enhance ALM. Conversely, psychoactive drinks (OR = 0.91, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.00001), alcohol (OR = 0.906, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0012), a","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2564239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Common questions and misconceptions about dietary supplements and the industry - What does science and the law really say?\"","authors":"Jose Antonio, Brandi Antonio, Alan Aragon, Erik Bustillo, Darren Candow, Rick Collins, Edwin Davila, Bob Durkin, Douglas Kalman, Chris Lockwood, Scotty Mills, Jeffrey R Stout","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2534128","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2534128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary supplement use is popular among fitness enthusiasts as well as competitive athletes. There is, however, confusion regarding the regulatory framework as well as the basic science regarding the use of supplements. Although there is an extensive body of scientific and legal writings on dietary supplements, several misconceptions persist vis-à-vis this category. Thus, the following questions will be addressed in this review. 1) Are dietary supplements regulated by the Food and Drug Administration? 2) Are foods and supplements regulated similarly? 3) What is the role of the Federal Trade Commission? 4) Besides federal regulations for dietary supplements, do state laws also regulate the category? 5) If a supplement company funds a study, does that automatically call into question the results? 6) Can diet alone provide everything you need without using supplements? 7) Is it necessary to conduct randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on dietary supplements? 8) How safe are supplements compared to OTC drugs? 9) Where can consumers find accurate information about supplements? 10) Why does the NIH fund dietary supplement research related to disease, yet findings cannot be marketed by supplement companies? 11) What is the size of the dietary supplement industry compared to the pharmaceutical industry? 12) How can I know if a dietary supplement is safe and free of banned substances? Similar to our prior papers, a team of legal and science scholars evaluated the evidence on these salient questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2534128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}