Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The applicability of a commercial 3DO body scanner in measuring body composition in Chinese adults with overweight and obesity: a secondary analysis based on a weight-loss clinical trial.","authors":"Jialu Wang, Anqi Song, Molian Tang, Yi Xiang, Yiquan Zhou, Zhiqi Chen, David Heber, Qingya Tang, Renying Xu","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2307963","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2307963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A commercial three-dimensional optical (3DO) scanning system was reported to be used in body composition assessment. However, the applicability in Chinese adults has yet to be well-studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis was based on a 16-week weight-loss clinical trial with an optional extension to 24 weeks. Waist and hip circumference and body composition were measured by 3DO scanning at each follow-up visit during the study. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was also performed to confirm the reliability of 3DO scanning at each visit. We used Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) to evaluate the correlation between the two methods above-mentioned. Bland-Altman analysis was also performed to evaluate the agreement and potential bias between different methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total number of 70 Chinese adults overweight and obese (23 men and 47 women, aged 31.8 ± 5.8 years) were included in the analysis, which resulted in 350 3DO scans and corresponding 350 BIA measurements. The percent body fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass were 33.9 ± 5.4%, 26.7 ± 4.6 kg, and 50.3 ± 8.7 kg before the trial by 3DO scanning. And they were 30.5 ± 5.8%, 22.5 ± 4.7 kg, and 49.4 ± 8.3 kg after 16 weeks of the trial. Compared with BIA, 3DO scanning performed best in the assessment of fat-free mass (CCC = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.90), then followed by fat mass (CCC = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.71, 0.80) and percent body fat (CCC = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.64, 0.75). Subgroup analysis showed that 3DO scanning and BIA correlated better in women than that in men, and correlated better in measuring fat-free mass in participants with larger body weight (BMI ≥28.0 kg/m²) than those with smaller body weight (<28.0 kg/m²).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>3DO scanning is an effective technology to monitor changes in body composition in Chinese adults overweight and obese. However its accuracy and reliability in different ethnicities needs further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2307963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10810617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the ketogenic diet on resistance training load management: a repeated-measures clinical trial in trained participants.","authors":"Salvador Vargas-Molina, Manuel García-Sillero, Diego A Bonilla, Jorge L Petro, Jerónimo García-Romero, Javier Benítez-Porres","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2306308","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2306308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of low-carbohydrate high-fat dietary manipulation, such as the ketogenic diet (KD), on muscle strength assessment in resistance-training (RT) participants has focused on the one-repetition maximum test (1-RM). However, a pre-specified 1-RM value during an exercise training program disregards several confounding factors (i.e. sleep, diet, and training-induced fatigue) that affect the exerciser's \"true\" load and daily preparedness. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a 6-week RT program on load control-related variables in trained subjects following a KD intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen resistance-trained individuals (3F, 11 M; 30.1 [6.2] years; 174.2 [7.6] cm; 75.7 [10.8] kg; BMI 24.8 [2.1] kg·m^-2) completed this single-arm repeated-measures clinical trial. Load management variables included volume load, number of repetitions, perceived exertion (RPE), movement velocity loss, and exertion index. These primary outcomes were assessed weekly before, during, and at the end of a 6-week RT program that included traditional RT exercises (bench press, femoral lying down, lat pulldown, leg extension, and back squat).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference in RPE between weeks (<i>p</i> = 0.015, W = 0.19) with a slight trend in decreasing RPE. We found differences in the volume load per week (<i>p</i> < 0.001; W = 0.73 and <i>p</i> < 0.001, W = 0.81, respectively), with an increase in the last weeks. In the control of the load based on movement velocity, we did not find significant differences between weeks (<i>p</i> = 0.591, W = 0.06), although significant differences were found in the effort index (<i>p</i> = 0.026, W = 0.17).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A KD diet in recreational strength participants does not appear to lead to performance losses during a RT program aimed at improving body composition. However, the lack of adherence and familiarity with the ketogenic diet must be considered specially during first weeks.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2306308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10826788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pre-exercise glycerol supplementation on dehydration, metabolic, kinematic, and thermographic variables in international race walkers.","authors":"Francisco Javier Martínez-Noguera, Alessio Cabizosu, Pedro E Alcaraz, Cristian Marín-Pagán","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2346563","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2346563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the increase in global temperature, it is necessary to investigate solutions so that athletes competing in hot conditions can perform in optimal conditions avoiding loss of performance and health problems. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of pre-exercise glycerol supplementation during a rectangular test at ambient temperature mid (28.2ºC) on dehydration variables in international race walkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight international male race walkers (age: 28.0 years (4.4); weight: 65.6 kg (6.6); height: 180.0 cm (5.0); fat mass: 6.72% (0.66); muscle mass: 33.3 kg (3.3); VO_2MAX: 66.5 ml · kg^-1·min^-1 (1.9)) completed this randomized crossover design clinical trial. Subjects underwent two interventions: they consumed placebo (<i>n</i> = 8) and glycerol (<i>n</i> = 8) acutely, before a rectangular test where dehydration, RPE, metabolic, kinematic, and thermographic variables were analyzed before, during and after the test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the intervention, significant differences were found between groups in body mass in favor of the placebo (Placebo: -2.23 kg vs Glycerol: -2.48 kg; <i>p</i> = 0.033). For other variables, no significant differences were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, pre-exercise glycerol supplementation was not able to improve any dehydration, metabolic, kinematic, or thermographic variables during a rectangular test at temperature mid in international race walkers. Possibly, a higher environmental temperature could have generated a higher metabolic and thermoregulatory stress, generating differences between groups like other previous scientific evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2346563"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11057399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraxanthine provides greater improvement in cognitive function than caffeine after performing a 10-km run.","authors":"Choongsung Yoo, Dante Xing, Drew E Gonzalez, Victoria Jenkins, Kay Nottingham, Broderick Dickerson, Megan Leonard, Joungbo Ko, Megan H Lewis, Mark Faries, Wesley Kephart, Martin Purpura, Ralf Jäger, Shawn D Wells, Kylin Liao, Ryan Sowinski, Christopher J Rasmussen, Richard B Kreider","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2352779","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2352779","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rationale: &lt;/strong&gt;Intense exercise promotes fatigue and can impair cognitive function, particularly toward the end of competition when decision-making is often critical for success. For this reason, athletes often ingest caffeinated energy drinks prior to or during exercise to help them maintain focus, reaction time, and cognitive function during competition. However, caffeine habituation and genetic sensitivity to caffeine (CA) limit efficacy. Paraxanthine (PX) is a metabolite of caffeine reported to possess nootropic properties. This study examined whether ingestion of PX with and without CA affects pre- or post-exercise cognitive function.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;12 trained runners were randomly assigned to consume in a double-blind, randomized, and crossover manner 400 mg of a placebo (PL); 200 mg of PL + 200 mg of CA; 200 mg of PL + 200 mg of PX (ENFINITY®, Ingenious Ingredients); or 200 mg PX + 200 mg of CA (PX+CA) with a 7-14-day washout between treatments. Participants donated fasting blood samples and completed pre-supplementation (PRE) side effects questionnaires, the Berg-Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (BCST), and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task Test (PVTT). Participants then ingested the assigned treatment and rested for 60 minutes, repeated tests (PRE-EX), performed a 10-km run on a treadmill at a competition pace, and then repeated tests (POST-EX). Data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) univariate analyses with repeated measures and percent changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;BCST correct responses in the PX treatment increased from PRE-EX to POST-EX (6.8% [1.5, 12.1], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.012). The error rate in the PL (23.5 [-2.8, 49.8] %, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.078) and CA treatment (31.5 [5.2, 57.8] %, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02) increased from PRE-EX values with POST-EX errors tending to be lower with PX treatment compared to CA (-35.7 [-72.9, 1.4] %, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.059). POST-EX perseverative errors with PAR rules were significantly lower with PX treatment than with CA (-26.9 [-50.5, -3.4] %, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.026). Vigilance analysis revealed a significant interaction effect in Trial #2 mean reaction time values (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.049, &lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt; &lt;sup&gt;=&lt;/sup&gt; 0.134, moderate to large effect) with POST-EX reaction times tending to be faster with PX and CA treatment. POST-EX mean reaction time of all trials with PX treatment was significantly faster than PL (-23.2 [-43.4, -2.4] %, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.029) and PX+CA (-29.6 [-50.3, -8.80] %, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.006) treatments. There was no evidence that PX ingestion adversely affected ratings of side effects associated with stimulant intake or clinical blood markers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Results provide some evidence that pre-exercise PX ingestion improves prefrontal cortex function, attenuates attentional decline, mitigates cognitive fatigue, and improves reaction time and vigilance. Addi","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2352779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11089923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in perceived energy and macronutrient requirements across divisions in NCAA athletes.","authors":"K Michelle Singleton, Andrew R Jagim, Jamie McAllister-Deitrick, Marcos Daou, Chad M Kerksick","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2365307","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2365307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sports nutrition is an impactful component to sports performance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the sports nutrition knowledge of National Collegiate Athletic Association collegiate athletes and assess self-reported perceived requirements for energy and macronutrient intake. A secondary aim was to evaluate the awareness of physical and emotional perceptions associated with mindful eating.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included NCAA Division I (DI, <i>n</i> = 45), II (DII, <i>n</i> = 31), and III (DIII, <i>n</i> = 47) athletes. Athletes completed a validated questionnaire designed to assess sports nutrition knowledge and were asked questions about their perceived dietary energy and macronutrient requirements. Daily energy intake values were calculated using a recommended relative energy intake value of 40, 50, and 60 kcal/kg/day for low, moderate, and high activity levels, respectively. Carbohydrate recommendations were calculated using 4, 6, and 8 g/kg/day, protein recommendations were calculated using relative intakes of 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 g/kg/day, and fat recommendations were calculated from a relative percentage of total predicted daily energy requirements, equating to 15, 25, and 30% of daily energy. Additionally, athletes completed a questionnaire to assess mindfulness regarding eating habits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, athletes answered 45.5 ± 13.5% of questions correctly on the nutrition questionnaire with significant differences observed between male (48.6 ± 13.6%) and female athletes (43.6 ± 13.2%; <i>p</i> = 0.044), as well as significant differences observed between DI athlete scores (38.8 ± 14.1%) and DII athletes (47.7 ± 11.4%; <i>p</i> = 0.002), and DI athletes and DIII athletes (51.71 ± 11.83%; <i>p</i> =  <0.001). All athletes significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) underestimated daily energy intake requirements (female, 2,112 ± 575 kcal/day; male, 3,283 ± 538 kcal/day). The mindfulness eating habits total score was significantly higher in male athletes (65.1 ± 6.5) compared to female athletes (60.9 ± 9.5; <i>p</i> = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Division I, II, and III collegiate athletes have poor sports nutrition knowledge, with Division I athletes having exhibited lower scores compared to Division II and III athletes on the sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire. Athletes from all levels of collegiate sports underestimated their energy and macronutrient requirements. Differences in mindful eating habits among female and male athletes were also evident.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2365307"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflated effect estimates for vitamin D supplementation are driven by common meta-analytical errors.","authors":"Eric T Trexler","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2413668","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2413668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Han et al. (J Int Soc Sports Nutr 16:55, 2019) sought to quantify the effects of vitamin D supplementation on strength outcomes among athletes in a meta-analysis. The authors reported a pooled effect size (standardized mean difference; SMD) of -0.75 (95% CI: -1.82 to 0.32, p = 0.17) in favor of supplementation, but the analytical approach was not appropriate for a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials and the effect sizes were calculated incorrectly. This letter discusses how these issues impact the results and interpretation of the paper, then provides an update on the estimated average effect of vitamin D on strength outcomes in athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Identified errors included the use of within-group rather than between-group effect size metrics, the use of standard error values in place of standard deviations, and failure to account for correlated observations within the model. The data were reanalyzed after correcting for these common meta-analytic errors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this reanalysis reflect a dramatically smaller and statistically nonsignificant pooled effect estimate of SMD = 0.16 (-0.24 to 0.56, p = 0.43) in favor of supplementation. Further, the model from this reanalysis has more favorable statistical characteristics than the original analysis, as evidenced by a fairly symmetrical funnel plot and a nonsignificant result for Cochrane's Q test (Q = 5.02, p = 0.41).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In order to disseminate robust information to sports nutrition practitioners and researchers, it is critically important for meta-analyses to produce valid effect estimates that are appropriate for the underlying study designs and calculated without error. This letter highlights common errors to inform the calculation and interpretation of future meta-analyses in sports nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2413668"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mixed protein supplementation on golf performance and muscle function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","authors":"Ji-Won Seo, Shu Jiang, Soyoung Ahn, Yu Seon Kang, Yunho Sung, Xinxing Li, Parivash Jamrasi, Eun Mi Sun, Jihee Yoo, Byung-Yong Kim, Hyunsu Sim, Wook Song","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2393368","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2393368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As a relatively novel approach to enhancing skeletal muscle health, mixed protein supplementation has shown similar responses to whey protein. However, no previous studies have examined its impact on golf swing performance. This study aimed to examine the effect of mixed protein supplementation on the swing performance and muscle strength of casual golfers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty participants with a handicap of less than 20 were recruited and randomly assigned to a double-blind, placebo-controlled study design. The participants were divided into two groups: a mixed protein group (MG, <i>n</i> = 30), and a placebo control group (CG, <i>n</i> = 30). They were instructed to ingest either a supplement containing casein calcium, whey protein, and isolated pea protein, or a placebo, once daily for 8 weeks. Pre- and posttests consisted of anthropometric measurements, muscle strength (isokinetic knee and trunk strength, and handgrip strength), 2-minute push-ups, balance, and golf swing performance using a driver and 7-iron.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the 8-week supplementation period, ANCOVA, using baseline values as covariates, revealed significant differences for driver distance (<i>p</i> = .004) and driver ball speed (<i>p</i> < .001). MG significantly increased driver distance by 5.17 ± 12.8 m (<i>p</i> = .046), driver ball speed by 1.36 ± 2.87 m/s (<i>p</i> = .021). Additionally, significantly improvements were observed in hand grip strength (+2.12 ± 3.47 kg, <i>p</i> = .004), two-minute push-ups (+4.89 ± 8.14 reps, <i>p</i> = .004), and balance score (-0.37 ± 0.69 min, <i>p</i> = .009). No significant differences were observed in body composition parameters (<i>p</i> > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The intake of a mixed protein containing both animal and plant proteins had positive effects on golf performance and muscle function. Therefore, mixed proteins may represent a safe and effective approach to enhancing skeletal muscle health in golf players.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2393368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary educational and behavior change strategies improve dietary practices around a match in professional soccer players.","authors":"Jennie L Carter, David J Lee, Jonathan S J Fenner, Mayur K Ranchordas, Matthew Cole","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2391369","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2391369","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The importance of nutrition in optimizing the health and performance of professional soccer players has been well established. Despite published practical recommendations for the dietary requirements for professional soccer players, many players fail to meet these guidelines. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to assess the impact of targeted nutritional education and behavior change interventions on dietary intake in professional football players. Additionally, previous research within this population has reported elevations in resting metabolic rate (RMR) following match-play. Therefore, a further aim of this study was to examine whether any changes in dietary intake would influence RMR following match-play.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty players from the professional development phase in an English Premier League club (age: 18.4 ± 1.0 years; body mass: 76.1 ± 6.0 kg; stature: 1.80 ± 0.07 m) were randomly assigned to an \"Intervention\" (INT) group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10), who received numerous nutritional education and behavior change interventions, or a \"Control\" (CON) group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10), who received no nutrition support. Dietary intake was assessed daily throughout the match-week (Match Day (MD)-2, MD-1, MD, MD + 1, and MD + 2), whilst RMR was assessed on MD-1, MD + 1, and MD + 2. Statistical analyses on the intervention effects on dietary intake and RMR were carried out using a two factor (group and day) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a subsequent Bonferroni post-hoc test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Mean energy (3393 ± 852 vs. 2572 ± 577 kcal · day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) and CHO (5.36 ± 1.9 vs. 3.47 ± 1.1 g · kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; BW · day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) intake was significantly higher (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) in the INT vs. CON group. Furthermore, the INT group implemented nutrition periodization practices as CHO intake was significantly increased on MD-1 (7.0 ± 1.7 g · kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; BM · day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), MD (7.1 ± 1.4 g · kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; BM · day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) and MD + 1 (5.1 ± 0.8 g · kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; BM · day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). However, the CON group did not periodize their CHO intake and failed to meet the CHO recommendations on MD-1, MD, and MD + 1 (&lt;4 g · kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; BM · day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). Compared to MD-1, the RMR increased on MD + 1 and MD + 2 in both groups, although it was only statistically significant for the INT group (MD + 1 =  +243 kcal · day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;; MD + 2 =  +179 kcal · day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The implementation of targeted nutritional education and behavior change interventions resulted in improved dietary practices in professional football players and enabled better adherence to recommended guidelines. However, despite this, RMR was still elevated in the 24-48 h following match play. Thus, in order to optimize recovery, this finding further reinforces the need for professional football players to adopt strategies to meet energy, and particularly CHO, r","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2391369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11321108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The associations between calorie tracking, body image dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and menstrual cycle characteristics in resistance-trained athletes.","authors":"Kimberly SantaBarbara, Eric Helms, Nigel Harris","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2433743","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2433743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While body image dissatisfaction (BID) and eating disorders (EDs) are relatively common in athletes (ranging from 11% to 67% of athletes, depending on the sport) [1], they are also prevalent in weight-class restricted sports (a common format in strength sports), and among physique athletes [2]. These athletes manipulate their nutrition to reach aesthetic or body weight standards and, in that process, may undergo prolonged periods of low energy availability. Low energy availability, defined as consuming insufficient energy for one's lean mass and exercise activity, can lead to Relative Energy Deficiency in sport (REDs), a syndrome that can impact menstrual cycle (MC) symptoms (and many other aspects of physiology and psychology) [3]. There has not been an investigation into the relationships between these resistance-trained (RT) athletes' nutritional habits, MC-related symptoms, BIDs, and EDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was implemented to explore the dieting habits, MC characteristics, BID, and EDs in RT females.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>64.6% (<i>n</i> = 469) of participants reported tracking calories, with a slightly higher percentage of competitive athletes tracking calories 71.8% (<i>n</i> = 181) than recreational-level athletes. Competitive athletes were significantly more likely to track calories than recreational-level athletes (<i>p</i> = 0.003). When asked what the primary purpose of calorie restriction was, most participants selected weight loss for aesthetic purposes 58.8% (<i>n</i> = 356). Competitive athletes were less likely to select weight loss for aesthetic purposes 35.7% (<i>n</i> = 77), but weight loss for the purpose of a weight class-based sport was higher at 43.5% (<i>n</i> = 94). There were no significant associations between BID and MC characteristics or most MC symptoms and limited associations between EDs and MC characteristics and symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RT athletes exhibited a higher prevalence of calorie tracking than the general population. Competitive RT athletes were less likely to calorie restrict for aesthetic purposes than non-athletes, but more likely to calorie restrict for the purpose of weight-class-based sports. There were limited significant associations between BID and MC characteristics or MC symptoms, as well as between EDs and MC characteristics. However, there was a significant association between amenorrhea and EDs, which aligns with previous research in this area. Both BID and EDs were significantly associated with MC-based mental health effects; this is likely due to the interconnected nature of mental health concerns, such as EDs with depression and anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2433743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of probiotics and casein supplementation on aerobic capacity parameters of male soccer players.","authors":"Babak Imanian, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Farhad Daryanoosh, Negar Koureshfard, Reza Sadeghi, Alireza Niknam, Rasoul Rezaei, Ali Qashqaei","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2382165","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2382165","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;In the realm of sports science, nutrition is a well-established pillar for athletes' training, performance, and post-workout recovery. However, the role of gut microbiota, often overlooked, is a novel and intriguing aspect that can significantly impact athletic performance. With this in mind, our study ventures into uncharted territory, investigating the effect of probiotic and casein supplementation on the aerobic capacity of male soccer players.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;A double-blinded and placebo-controlled study was conducted with 44 male soccer players (Age: 22.81 ± 2.76 yr, Height: 177.90 ± 6.75 cm, Weight: 67.42 ± 8.44 kg). The participants were subjected to the Bruce test in the beginning; then, they were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of 11 people: probiotics (PRO), casein (CAS), probiotics with casein (PRO+CAS), and placebo (PLA). PRO group was given one probiotic capsule (containing strains of &lt;i&gt;Lactiplantibacillus plantarum&lt;/i&gt; BP06, Lacticaseibacillus casei BP07, &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus acidophilus&lt;/i&gt; BA05, &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus delbrueckii&lt;/i&gt; BD08 &lt;i&gt;bulgaricus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium infantis&lt;/i&gt; BI04, &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium longum&lt;/i&gt; BL03, &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium breve&lt;/i&gt; BB02 and &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus salivarius thermophilus&lt;/i&gt; BT01, with a total dose of 4.5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt; CFU) during dinner, while the CAS group consumed 20 grams of casein powder 45 minutes before bed. The PRO+CAS group was given one probiotic capsule during dinner and 20 grams of casein powder 45 minutes before bed. The participants in the PLA group were given one red capsule (containing 5 grams of starch) during dinner. All participants were instructed to take the supplements only on training days, three times a week for four weeks. The maximal oxygen consumption (VO&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt;), Ventilatory Threshold (VT), Time-to-exhaustion (TTE), Respiratory Compensation Point (RCP), Isocapnic area Time (Time-IC), Isocapnic area oxygen consumption (VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-IC), and Hypocapnic Hyperventilation area Time (Time-HHV), after the Bruce test were Measured. All data were analyzed using SPSS Windows software, mixed repeated measure ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test at &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05 level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The current study's findings illustrated that, after the intervention, TTE (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01) and RCP (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01) were significantly improved in PRO+CAS compared to the PLA group. No significant difference was observed between PRO and PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.52), PRO and CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.999), PRO and PRO+CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.9), CAS and PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.65), CAS and PRO+CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.73) in TTE. In addition, no significant difference was observed between PRO and CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.999), PRO and PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.40), PRO and PRO+CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.999), CAS and PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.263), CAS and PRO+CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.999) in RCP. Time-HHV was significantly higher in PRO+CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.000) and CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2382165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}