Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"\"Common questions and misconceptions about dietary supplements and the industry - What does science and the law really say?\"","authors":"Jose Antonio, Brandi Antonio, Alan Aragon, Erik Bustillo, Darren Candow, Rick Collins, Edwin Davila, Bob Durkin, Douglas Kalman, Chris Lockwood, Scotty Mills, Jeffrey R Stout","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2534128","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2534128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary supplement use is popular among fitness enthusiasts as well as competitive athletes. There is, however, confusion regarding the regulatory framework as well as the basic science regarding the use of supplements. Although there is an extensive body of scientific and legal writings on dietary supplements, several misconceptions persist vis-à-vis this category. Thus, the following questions will be addressed in this review. 1) Are dietary supplements regulated by the Food and Drug Administration? 2) Are foods and supplements regulated similarly? 3) What is the role of the Federal Trade Commission? 4) Besides federal regulations for dietary supplements, do state laws also regulate the category? 5) If a supplement company funds a study, does that automatically call into question the results? 6) Can diet alone provide everything you need without using supplements? 7) Is it necessary to conduct randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on dietary supplements? 8) How safe are supplements compared to OTC drugs? 9) Where can consumers find accurate information about supplements? 10) Why does the NIH fund dietary supplement research related to disease, yet findings cannot be marketed by supplement companies? 11) What is the size of the dietary supplement industry compared to the pharmaceutical industry? 12) How can I know if a dietary supplement is safe and free of banned substances? Similar to our prior papers, a team of legal and science scholars evaluated the evidence on these salient questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2534128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different dietary supplements on athletic performance in soccer players: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Hua Luo, Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden, Xiaolin Zhu, Changqing Xiang, Nurul Amelina Nasharuddin","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2467890","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2467890","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;As dietary supplements play a crucial role in meeting the unique nutritional needs of soccer players, a growing body of studies are exploring the effects of dietary supplements on athletic performance in soccer players. The effectiveness of certain supplements, such as caffeine and creatine, remains debated due to inconsistent results across studies. Therefore, this systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to tentatively identify the most effective dietary supplements for soccer players.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and SPORTDiscus from database establishment to 5 February 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of different dietary supplements on athletic performance in soccer players. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed using the R software and Stata 18.0. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on the competitive level of the athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Eighty RCTs were included, with 1,425 soccer players randomly receiving 31 different dietary supplements or placebo. The network meta-analysis showed that compared with placebo, carbohydrate + protein (SMD: 2.2, very large), carbohydrate + electrolyte (SMD: 1.3, large), bovine colostrum (SMD: moderate) and caffeine (SMD: 0.29, small) were associated with a significant effect on increasing the distance covered. &lt;i&gt;Kaempferia parviflora&lt;/i&gt; (SMD: 0.46, small) was associated with a significant effect on enhancing muscular strength. Beta-alanine (SMD: 0.83, moderate), melatonin (SMD: 0.75, moderate), caffeine (SMD: 0.37, small), and creatine (SMD: 0.33, small) were associated with a significant effect on enhancing jump height. Magnesium creatine chelate (SMD: -3.0, very large), melatonin (SMD: -1.9, large), creatine + sodium bicarbonate (SMD: -1.4, large), and arginine (SMD: -1.2, moderate) were associated with a significant effect on decreasing sprint time. Creatine + sodium bicarbonate (SMD: -2.3, very large) and caffeine (SMD: -0.38, small) were associated with a significant effect on improving agility. Sodium pyruvate (SMD: 0.50, small) was associated with a significant effect on increasing peak power. Magnesium creatine chelate (SMD: 1.3, large) and sodium pyruvate (SMD: 0.56, small) were associated with a significant effect on increasing mean power. Carbohydrate + electrolyte (SMD: -0.56, small) was associated with a significant effect on improving the rating of perceived exertion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study suggests that a range of dietary supplements, including caffeine, creatine, creatine + sodium bicarbonate, magnesium creatine chelate, carbohydrate + electrolyte, carbohydrate + protein, arginine, beta-alanine, bovine colostrum, &lt;i&gt;Kaempferia parviflora&lt;/i&gt;, melatonin, and sodium pyruvate, can improv","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2467890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport supplementation in competitive swimmers: a systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Raúl Domínguez, Inmaculada López-León, Javier Moreno-Lara, Esteban Rico, Antonio J Sánchez-Oliver, Ángela Sánchez-Gómez, Javier Pecci","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2486988","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2486988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Competitive swimmers have a high prevalence of sports supplement (SS) consumption. However, only a few SS are scientifically proven to be safe, effective, and legal. Therefore, before incorporating supplements to enhance performance and health in competitive swimming, it is crucial to conduct an analysis and review to assess their effects. The objective of this study was to analyze the demonstrated effects of SS, as reported in published studies, on the swimming performance of competitive swimmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across six databases for the selection of studies included in this review. Studies that analyzed the effects of sports supplementation compared to placebo were included and subjected to meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This revision included 23 studies, 16 of them (69.6%) qualified as excellent and 7 (30.4%) as good at the methodological level based on the punctuation in the PEDro scale. The systematic review included 422 swimmers (61.8% male, 38.2% female), with distances assessed ranging from 50 m to 800 m, including studies employing interval procedures. Creatine showed a significant effect (ES = -0.46; 95% CIs = -0.75 to -0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.002; I² = 11%) on swimming performance, while the rest of the analyzed supplements did not show significant effects (all <i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Creatine supplementation demonstrated ergogenic benefits for competitive swimmers, although the evidence supporting the use of this supplement is still limited. Sodium bicarbonate and β-alanine may enhance performance in distances with higher glycolytic demands, while caffeine is effective at dosages of 3-6 mg/kg administered 60 min before exercise. Further research is needed to confirm the potential ergogenic effects of other supplements, such as beetroot juice.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2486988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific impacts of caffeine on body composition: commentary on a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Anna Vittoria Mattioli","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2454633","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2454633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the impact of caffeine intake on body composition is a topic of growing research interest. The article \"Association Between Caffeine Intake and Fat-Free Mass Index: A Retrospective Cohort Study\" by Tian et al. explored this relationship, highlighting a positive correlation between caffeine consumption and fat-free mass index (FFMI). In this letter to the editor, we discuss the broader implications of these findings, emphasizing the need for further exploration of the underlying biological and lifestyle factors influencing caffeine's effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide critical insights into the mechanisms and contextual factors that may explain the observed association between caffeine intake and FFMI, with particular focus on sex-specific differences, hormonal influences, and lifestyle interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This letter to editor builds on the findings of Tian et al., drawing from related literature and prior research to contextualize the potential mechanisms and broader implications of caffeine's impact on body composition. The discussion highlights key areas requiring further investigation, including the role of hormonal modulation, genetic variability, and long-term effects on muscle health.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The positive association between caffeine intake and FFMI, particularly among women and younger populations, underscores the ergogenic potential of caffeine in enhancing muscle performance and metabolic efficiency. This letter expands on the study by emphasizing the role of hormonal factors, such as estrogen's modulation of CYP1A2, the liver enzyme critical for caffeine metabolism. The discussion also highlights the complex interplay between caffeine and other lifestyle factors. Finally, this commentary calls attention to the need for more research into the differential effects of caffeine sources, such as energy drinks and supplements, which often include additional ingredients with distinct metabolic and cardiovascular effects. These alternative sources may influence body composition differently than traditional coffee-based caffeine intake, an area that remains underexplored.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2454633"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of concurrent, resistance, or aerobic training on body fat loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Kworweinski Lafontant, Alexa Rukstela, Ardis Hanson, Janet Chan, Yasamian Alsayed, Wayne A Ayers-Creech, Cassidy Bale, Yuto Ohigashi, John Solis, Gretchen Shelton, Indira Alur, Cassandra Resler, Andrew Heath, Savannah Ericksen, Scott C Forbes, Bill I Campbell","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2507949","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2507949","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the differential effects of resistance training (RT), aerobic training (AT), and concurrent training (CT) on body mass and body fat loss in metabolically healthy individuals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic search of PubMed, SportDiscus, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials published between January 1980 and January 2023, comparing RT, AT, and CT in healthy adults was conducted. Primary outcomes of interest included changes in fat mass and body fat percentage; secondary outcomes were body mass and fat-free mass (FFM). Sub-analyses on intervention duration (&lt; or ≥ 10 weeks), CT timing (aerobic and resistance exercises done on the same day versus different days within a week), and workload matching (equating workloads between AT, RT, and CT), were conducted. Study protocols followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and were pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023396530).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In total, 36 studies with 1564 participants were included in the systematic review, with only 31 studies included in the meta-analysis due to missing data. For studies lasting at least 10 weeks, AT outperformed RT in reducing body mass (mean difference (MD) = -1.82 kg [95% CI = -2.72 to -0.93]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and fat mass (MD = -1.06 kg [95% CI = -1.88 to -0.24]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01) but led to less FFM retention (MD = - 0.88 kg [95% CI = -1.73 to -0.03], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04). CT reduced significantly more fat mass compared to RT (MD: -1.09 kg [95% CI = -0.27 to -1.91]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009). No significant differences were found between CT, AT, and RT in altering body fat percentage (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). For studies shorter than 10 weeks, no significant differences were noted across exercise modalities (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Under conditions where AT, RT, and CT workloads were matched, similar fat mass, body mass, body fat percentage, and FFM changes were observed between exercise modalities (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Similar body mass and body fat percentage loss was observed between same-day and different-day CT (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05); body fat mass loss only differed in a single study (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1) when comparing RT to different-day CT (aerobic and resistance exercises done on different days within a week).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;While there are no differences in percent body fat loss between exercise modes, AT and CT are more effective than RT alone in reducing absolute fat mass; however, RT neither improved nor impeded fat mass loss when incorporated into CT. Combining aerobic and resistance exercises on the same-day or different-day does not appear to influence the effectiveness of CT. When exercise interventions are short in duration (&lt;10 weeks), there does not appear to be a difference in fat loss between exercise modalities. These results support the concurrent use of aerobic and resistance exercises for fat mass reduction, as well as an emphasis on ","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2507949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-sleep casein ingestion with probiotic strains improves anaerobic power and lower-body-specific strength and power performance in soccer players.","authors":"Reza Sadeghi, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Fereshteh Eftekhari, Babak Imanian, Negar Koureshfard","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2505184","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2505184","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Probiotics comprise various strains that offer numerous health benefits. Researchers have recently focused on the relationship between probiotic consumption and improved gut microbiota function, enhanced digestion, increased nutrient absorption, and enhanced sports performance. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of pre-sleep casein intake, coupled with probiotic strains, on soccer players' anaerobic power, lower-body-specific strength, and power performance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study was conducted with forty-four male soccer players (Age: 22.81 ± 2.76 years, Height: 177.90 ± 6.75 cm, Weight: 67.42 ± 8.44 kg). The participants underwent the isokinetic strength, Wall-squat, and running-based anaerobic sprint (RAST) tests initially; then, they were randomly divided into four groups: probiotics (PRO), casein (CAS), probiotics with casein (PRO+CAS), and placebo (PLA). The PRO groups were given one probiotic capsule (containing eight bacterial strains: &lt;i&gt;Lactiplantibacillus plantarum&lt;/i&gt; BP06, &lt;i&gt;Lacticaseibacillus casei&lt;/i&gt; BP07, &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus acidophilus&lt;/i&gt; BA05, &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus bulgaricus&lt;/i&gt; BD08, Bifidobacterium infantis BI04, &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium longum&lt;/i&gt; BL03, &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium breve&lt;/i&gt; BB02, and &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus thermophilus&lt;/i&gt; BT01, with a total dose of 4.5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt; CFU) during dinner, while the CAS groups consumed 20 grams of casein powder 45 minutes before bed. The PRO+CAS group was given one probiotic capsule during dinner and 20 grams of casein powder 45 minutes before bed. The participants in the PLA group were given one red capsule (containing 5 grams of starch) during dinner. All participants were instructed to take the supplements only on training days, three times a week for four weeks. Additionally, isokinetic strength parameters, including absolute peak torque (APT) and average rate of force development (AvRFD), were measured for the knee extensors (ext) and flexors (flx) muscles (concentric phase at angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s, using the dominant leg). One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) or Quade tests with a significance level of &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05 was used to analyze the collected data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;The current study's findings indicated that APT-180°/s (ext) significantly increased in CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.008) and PRO+CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) compared to PLA. Additionally, the AvRFD-180°/s (ext) increased significantly in the PRO compared to the PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007). Also, the AvRFD-60°/s (flx) increased significantly in the PRO+CAS group compared to the PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.014), CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001), and PRO (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007). Furthermore, the AvRFD-180°/s (flx) increased significantly in the PRO+CAS compared to the CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010). Moreover, the RAST average power increased dramatically in PRO+CAS compared to PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) and CAS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02). Ad","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2505184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring bioelectric impedance outputs following coffee consumption in healthy adults using an 8-electrode segmental BIA device.","authors":"Christopher Chamberlin, Aldo Lena, Dimple Radia, Dale Rees, John Lodge, James Rutherford, Bruno Cesar da Silva Dos Santos, Bhaven Patel, Shawn McLaren","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2528531","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2528531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) is increasingly used to measure body composition in athletic, clinical and research settings. The reliability of BIA measurements relies on following procedures carefully. However, some practices for ensuring reliable measures may be unnecessarily restrictive. Previous research using BIA outputs as study outcome measures, has required participants to avoid coffee and caffeine-containing foods and beverages prior to measurements. The aim of this study was to determine whether BIA outputs are affected by coffee consumption at different caffeine concentrations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a blinded, randomized, cross-over trial design. Participants (<i>n</i> = 13) received one of three treatments per visit: 200 mL hot water (80°C) mixed with 5 g instant coffee, 2.5 g instant coffee with 2.5 g decaffeinated coffee, or 5 g decaffeinated instant coffee. Body composition and fluid parameters were measured over 50 minutes using a Seca mBCA 515 device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The treatment predictor (<i>p</i> > 0.05) and sex-time-treatment interaction for all outcomes was found to be non-significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The time predictor was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for impedance, resistance and reactance but not for phase angle ϕ50 (<i>p</i> = 0.731), ϕ5 (<i>p</i> = 0.059) or urine osmolality (<i>p</i> = 0.066). The sex predictor was statistically significant for Z₅₀ (<i>p</i> = 0.001), Z₅ (<i>p</i> = 0.002), R₅₀ (<i>p</i> = 0.001), R₅ (<i>p</i> = 0.002), ϕ₅₀ (<i>p</i> = 0.01), ϕ₅ (<i>p</i> = 0.049), fat mass (%) (<i>p</i> = 0.016) and fat free mass (%) (<i>p</i> = 0.016). The effect size for this predictor was η²_G < 0.336. A significant sex-time interaction was found for Z₅₀ (<i>p</i> = 0.025) with a small effect size (η²_G < 0.01). Effect sizes for the treatment predictor and time-treatment interaction were found to be small (η²_G < 0.01). Effect size for the time predictor was small (η²_G > 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in impedance, resistance and reactance were detected over the course of the experiment, and these changes were greater than could be explained by the technical error of measurement. However, the amount of caffeine in coffee did not affect BIA outputs. Effect sizes were small, suggesting little practical significance of drinking coffee before taking BIA measurements. Therefore, coaches, athletes, researchers and clinicians may be able to obtain reliable BIA measurements even when coffee has been consumed up to 50 minutes prior to measurements, however, fluid consumption and being adequately hydrated should still be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2528531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effect of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement on pacing and kinetic expression during shorter and longer bouts of high intensity functional training.","authors":"Gerald T Mangine, Christopher Staples, James W Henley, Ashley Hines, Kristyn C McGeehan, Wysmark Chaves, Wil King, Tiffany A Esmat, John R McLester, Jacob L Grazer","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2529906","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2529906","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;High-intensity functional training (HIFT) varies daily workout programming, and trainees are often tasked with completing \"as many repetitions as possible\" (AMRAP) within a set time. Successful performance depends on fatigue management skills and maintaining a consistent expression of force and velocity when performing and transitioning between exercises over the duration of the workout. Multi-ingredient pre-workout (MIPS) supplement formulations often contain ingredients shown to facilitate energy availability and mitigate fatigue, and therefore, might positively affect HIFT performance. This study aimed to assess a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement's acute effect on pacing and the expression of kinetics throughout a 5- and 15-minute HIFT-style AMRAP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Twelve men and 10 women (29.3 ± 7.1 years, 171 ± 7 cm, 80.5 ± 15.6 kg) with HIFT experience ( &gt; 2 years) completed four weekly visits, consuming either the supplement (S) or placebo (P) before a 5- or 15-minute AMRAP of rowing (9 or 7 Calories for men and women), six barbell thrusters (43.1 kg and 29.5 kg), and three jumps onto a box (0.61 m and 0.51 m). Video recordings of each workout were analyzed to quantify repetitions completed, volume load (kg), and pace (i.e. time spent on each workout component, repetition completion rate). The expression of kinetics and related factors were quantified during rowing via the ergometer microcomputer (Calories per stroke, power [W], and strokes per minute), during barbell thrusters by a 3D motion tracking system (barbell velocity [m · sec&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;] and power [W]), and by in-ground force plates during box jumps (peak and mean force [N], time-to-peak force [ms], rate of force development [RFD; N·sec&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;], and impulse [N·sec]). The averages, standard deviation, and slope across rounds were calculated for all pacing and kinetic variables for separate 3-way (sex × workout durations × supplement conditions) repeated measures analysis of variance comparisons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Men and women completed a greater total volume load (~4.4%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009) and repetitions at a faster rate (~2.2%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.043) during S compared to P and regardless of workout duration. These were best explained by participants completing a greater rowing volume load (~8.1%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009) by averaging more powerful strokes (~7.0%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.005), more consistent transitions to rowing (~11.0%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.020), and a trend for faster barbell thruster repetition completion rate (~2.3%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.077). Interestingly, participants varied more across rounds during S (~16.8-29.4%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) in box jump force expression (peak force, mean force, time-to-peak force, and RFD). No other differences were seen between supplement conditions, only expected differences were seen between men and women and between workout durations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Although it did not ","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2529906"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of small sided football and date seed (Phoenix dactylifera) powder supplementation on liver enzymes in inactive college subjects: an interventional study.","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Khaleghi, Abdossaleh Zar, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2532686","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2532686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In recent years, the rising prevalence of metabolic disorders and liver dysfunction due to sedentary lifestyles and poor nutrition has become a growing health concern. This study investigates the effects of small sided football (SSF) and date seed powder (DSP) supplementation on liver enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the ALT/AST ratio in inactive college subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen inactive male dormitory residents aged 21.53 ± 1.88 years (height: 174.46 ± 4.88 cm, weight: 67.67 ± 11.05 kg), who exclusively consumed university cafeteria meals, participated in two football matches. Between these matches, they consumed 0.25 g/kg of body weight of DSP thrice weekly for four weeks. Blood samples and anthropometric indices were collected before and after each game.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that SSF alone led to a reduction in ALT, ALP, and the ALT/AST ratio, while increasing AST levels (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Furthermore, it was observed that supplementation with DSP resulted in an increase in ALT, AST (<i>p</i> = 0.019), and ALP, along with a decrease in the ALT/AST ratio. Additionally, the findings revealed that SSF following one month of DSP supplementation led to an increase in ALT, AST (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and ALP (<i>p</i> = 0.035), while decreasing the ALT/AST ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Four weeks of supplementation with DSP and SSF can improve liver enzyme levels, such as ALT, AST, and ALP, which indicate physiological adaptation to exercise and the potential impact of supplements on liver metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2532686"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12258177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in energy intake, sweat rate, and electrolyte loss among world-class archers during competition.","authors":"Ozcan Esen, Stuart Goodall","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2528532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2528532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited evidence reports energy and macronutrient intake during competitive archery and whether any sex differences exist. Understanding these factors will provide insights into physiological demands and could inform more effective strategies to optimize performance for all archers in this precision-demanding sport. This study aimed to evaluate sweat rate (SR), sweat electrolyte loss, and energy intake (EI) in world-class archers throughout competition.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eight (4 females) elite-standard archers (age: 21 ± 2 and 19 ± 1 years; body mass: 65.1 ± 2.8 and 60.1 ± 4.1 kg; stature: 179.3 ± 5.1 and 162.3 ± 0.8 cm, for males and females, respectively) from the Turkish National Archery Team participated. Data were collected over four days; assessments of hydration, SR, sweat composition ([Na⁺] and [K⁺]), and nutritional intake were completed at the same time each day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male archers consumed more total energy (2,889 vs. 2,353 kcal, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and carbohydrates (5.3 vs. 3.9 g/kg, <i>p</i> = 0.046) compared to females, with intake fluctuating based on competition demands (i.e. match duration, and the total distance walked). SR and sweat [K⁺] loss, were greater in males compared to females (<i>p</i> ≤0.006). In contrast, no sex differences were observed in other hydration parameters (sweat [Na⁺] loss, urine-specific gravity). Moreover, all archers maintained adequate hydration status throughout the competition, with no differences in pre- and post-competition hydration levels (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study expands on previous research by incorporating sex-specific analyses, demonstrating that while energy and carbohydrate intake varies between male and female archers, hydration-related variables remain consistent.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2528532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}