Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Physiological effects of spirulina supplementation during lactate threshold exercise at simulated altitude (2,500 m): a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Tom Gurney, James Brouner, Owen Spendiff","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2498484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2498484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Existing literature indicates that spirulina supplementation can improve a variety of blood morphological parameters (such as hemoglobin) in healthy and clinical populations. Given the importance of hemoglobin for endurance exercise, particularly at altitude, this study aimed to investigate whether spirulina supplementation can improve blood morphological parameters in healthy cyclists and positively influence physiological variables when completing a lactate threshold test at simulated moderate altitude (2,500 m).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty (18 male; 2 female) healthy participants (Mean  ±  SD; Age 37   ±   9 years, Stature 181   ±   6 cm, Mass 81   ±   9 kg, <math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math>O_2max 51.8   ±   7.8 ml·kg-1·min-1) ingested 6 g/day of spirulina or placebo for 3-weeks in a double-blinded randomized counter-balanced cross-over design, then completed a lactate threshold test at simulated moderate altitude, with a 14-day washout period between trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following spirulina supplementation, heart rate at the lactate threshold was significantly lower in comparison to placebo supplementation (spirulina = 152   ±   11 b.min -1 vs. placebo = 155   ±   12 b.min -1, <i>p</i> < 0.05). No other physiological variables (Watts, RER, RPE, VO₂) were significantly different (<i>p</i> > 0.05) at the calculated threshold, or during the first four lower stages. Red Cell Distribution Width significantly increased following spirulina supplementation in comparison to placebo (spirulina = 13.3   ±   0.9 % vs. placebo = 12.5   ±   0.7 %, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Plateletcrit significantly decreased following spirulina supplementation (spirulina = 0.288   ±   0.032 vs. placebo = 0.293   ±   0.050, <i>p</i> < 0.05). No other blood morphological parameters changed (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, three weeks of spirulina supplementation at 6 g/day reduced heart rate during a lactate threshold test at a simulated moderate altitude (2,500 m), but did not produce additional physiological or hematological benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2498484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the associations of dietary protein intake with lean mass and grip strength in children and adolescents.","authors":"Yanfei Wang, Dan Sun, Zhongxin Zhu","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2471471","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2471471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood and adolescence are critical developmental periods during which dietary protein plays a crucial role in musculoskeletal health. While the significance of protein in muscle development is well acknowledged, the complex associations between dietary protein intake and musculoskeletal parameters during these stages remain incompletely elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 cycles, including 3,455 children and adolescents aged 8-19 years. Dietary protein intake was assessed through two 24-hour dietary recalls. Appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and combined grip strength were measured as indicators of musculoskeletal health. Multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fitting techniques were employed to analyze associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher protein intake was positively associated with both ALMI (β = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.004, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and combined grip strength (β = 0.043, 95% CI: 0.027, 0.058, <i>p</i> < 0.001) in fully adjusted models. Notably, sex-specific effects were observed, with stronger associations in boys, particularly in the 8-11 years age group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals significant positive associations between dietary protein intake and musculoskeletal health indicators in children and adolescents, with pronounced sex-specific effects. These findings underscore the importance of adequate protein intake during critical developmental periods and may inform targeted nutritional strategies for optimizing long-term musculoskeletal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2471471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11864004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition in CrossFit® - scientific evidence and practical perspectives: a systematic scoping review.","authors":"Diogo V Martinho, André Rebelo, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Renato Costa, Élvio R Gouveia, Adam Field, Juliano Casonatto, Daniel van den Hoek, Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalsk, Michael J Ormsbee, Hugo Sarmento","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2509674","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2509674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CrossFit^Ⓡ sessions and competitions are characterized by high-intensity challenges that combine aerobic and anaerobic activities with short recovery periods. As a result, effective nutritional practices play a crucial role in optimizing performance and enhancing recovery. Therefore, nutritional practices are central to optimizing performance and accelerating recovery. This review aims to summarize current evidence on nutritional and ergogenic aid responses to CrossFit^Ⓡ practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus). Gray literature was also extracted for studies exploring the nutritional habits of CrossFit^Ⓡ participants as well as the ingestion of ergogenic aids. In addition, a meta-analysis was conducted to examine the impacts of dietary habits and ergogenic aids on performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the current review. Carbohydrate intake was below the recommendations for athletes, although protein ingestion remains adequate. High-carbohydrate diets had a positive effect on CrossFit^Ⓡ performance. The evidence concerning the effects of a ketogenic diet on performance is limited. When used prior to or during the workout, the impact of carbohydrates on CrossFit^Ⓡ performance was negligible, whereas the effect of caffeine was significant. Ergogenic aids, particularly creatine and protein, are commonly used by CrossFit^Ⓡ participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The standard diets recommended to CrossFit^Ⓡ participants need to be revised because they are characterized by lower values of carbohydrates. Caffeine should be used prior to or during the CrossFit^Ⓡ sessions. Regarding the impact of ergogenic aids on recovery, future studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2509674"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making weight makes sense: relative performance gains after rapid weight loss in powerlifting: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Arkadiusz Matras, Michał Czapla, Artur Struzik","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2550309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2550309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid weight loss (RWL) is a common strategy among competitive powerlifters aiming to qualify for lower weight categories and improve competitive advantage. However, the effects of RWL followed by short-term recovery on maximal strength performance remain unclear. This study aimed to examine whether a ~ 5% RWL protocol followed by a 2-hour recovery period affects changes in maximal and relative strength performance in trained male powerlifters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000924752). In this RCT study, 26 male powerlifters (24.6 ± 4.5 y; 92.8 ± 13.6 kg) were assigned to a rapid weight loss (RWL; <i>n</i> = 13) or control group (CON; <i>n</i> = 13). RWL participants followed a 4-day protocol including caloric restriction (-10%), low carbohydrate intake ( <50 g/day), low sodium, and fluid manipulation, targeting a 5% body mass reduction. The CON group maintained habitual diet and hydration. Maximal strength was assessed via simulated powerlifting competition conducted before (C1) and after (C2) the intervention. Performance variables included squat (SQ), bench press (BP), deadlift (DL), and total load (TOTAL), along with IPF GL (International Powerlifting Federation GoodLift points) and IPF GL BP (International Powerlifting Federation GoodLift for Bench Press) scores. Body composition and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RWL group achieved a mean body mass reduction of 4.81%, with significant decreases in fat mass (-15.7%), fat-free mass (-2.36%), and body water (-2.41%) compared to CON (all <i>p</i> < 0.01). Despite these changes, no significant differences in maximal strength (SQ, BP, DL, TOTAL) were observed between C1 and C2 or between groups. However, the RWL group showed a significant post-intervention increase in IPF GL (<i>p</i> = 0.015) and IPF GL BP scores (<i>p</i> = 0.017). RPE values showed no consistent or practically relevant changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the group that underwent a rapid weight loss of approximately 5%, followed by a short-term recovery period, maximal strength performance was maintained. This indicates that it is possible to reduce body mass without compromising absolute strength levels in competitive powerlifters. At the same time, RWL group achieved higher IPF GL and IPF GL BP values.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2550309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of research trends and emerging hotspots in bioelectrical impedance analysis over the last two decades: a bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Chaofeng Niu, Peiyu Zhang, Chao Zhang, Juwei Dong, Hao Liang, Di Xiao, Birong Liu, Lan Wei, Haixia Lai, Jiaqi Ye, Liyong Ma, Lijing Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2523381","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2523381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Over the last two decades, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has gained popularity as a method for assessing body compartments in nutrition studies, sports medicine, and evaluating hydration levels, fat mass, and fat-free mass variations in both healthy and diseased individuals. This study aims to offer researchers an overview of the research trends in BIA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using a package of R software (Bibliometrix 4.0).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 9471 articles have been published over the past 20 years, with an average annual growth rate of 10.1%. The research field primarily focuses on nutrition and dietetics, followed urology and nephrology, endocrinology and metabolism, general and internal medicine, engineering, geriatrics and gerontology, sport sciences, cardiovascular system and cardiology, physiology and science and technology-other topics. The research hotspots of BIA over the past 20 years have transitioned from \"water\" to \"fat,\" and subsequently to \"sarcopenia.\" \"Sarcopenia\" and \"phase angle\" (PhA) have emerged as recent research hotspots in the field of BIA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A total of 9471 articles have been published over the past 20 years, with an average annual growth rate of 10.1%. Nutrition and dietetics have consistently been the primary research areas in the field of BIA. \"Sarcopenia\" and \"PhA\" have emerged as recent research hotspots in the field of BIA. The application of BIA in clinical practice still holds significant untapped potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2523381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined exercise training and dietary interventions versus independent effect of exercise on ectopic fat in individuals with overweight and obesity: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.","authors":"Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Motahareh Mohebinejad, Mohammad Hossein Mahboobi, Maedeh Nojoumi, Saba Belyani, Reza Bagheri, Fred Dutheil","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2528534","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2528534","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;While it is well established that reducing ectopic fat can help prevent insulin resistance in individuals with overweight or obesity, it remains unclear whether diet alone, exercise alone, or their combination is most effective in reducing specific ectopic fat depots. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diet-only, and combined diet-plus-exercise interventions versus exercise only on ectopic fat reduction, and weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for original articles, published until 1 March 2024 (no limitation on publication dates) that included diet only/or exercise and diet versus exercise alone on body weight, and ectopic fat in adults with overweight or obesity. Weighted mean differences (WMD) for body weight, liver fat, standardized mean differences (SMD) for visceral fat area (VFA), and intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined using random-effects models. Studies using noninvasive imaging techniques such as Computerized Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and hydrogen-based Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRs) for ectopic fat were included in this meta-analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 17 studies, including 732 participants aged 24.27 to 70.5 years (309 participants with metabolic diseases, and 423 without metabolic diseases) and 38 intervention groups, met the inclusion criteria. The combined intervention of exercise and diet significantly reduced body weight compared to exercise alone [WMD = -2.85 kg, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001], with significant reductions observed in both adults with and without metabolic disease, and for interventions lasting more than 12 weeks. However, the combined intervention did not significantly reduce liver fat, VFA, or IMTG compared to exercise alone. Diet-only interventions significantly reduced body weight compared to exercise alone [WMD = -2.57 kg, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010], but did not significantly affect liver fat, VFA, or IMTG. Meta-regression indicated that weight loss was a significant moderator of the effect of combined interventions on VFA (coefficient: -0.15; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.030), but not for other outcomes. Also, based on subgroup analysis by intervention duration, both exercise and calorie restriction interventions in long-term (more than 12 weeks) have been successful in decreasing VFA in adults with overweight/or obesity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Combined exercise and dietary interventions are more effective than exercise alone in reducing body weight. While VFA was reduced following long-term interventions of exercise in combination with caloric restriction, our analyses showed no change in liver fat, or IMTG. Additional investigation is required to delve into the processes behind these findings and to pinpoint treatments that efficiently focus on reducing ectopic fat","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2528534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of nutritional intake status in college baseball players.","authors":"Yoko Iio, Hana Kozai, Mamoru Tanaka, Yukihiro Mori, Manato Seguchi, Yuka Aoyama, Morihiro Ito","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2459090","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2459090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet is closely related to exercise performance. To improve athletes' performance and manage their condition, it is important to get sufficient energy and various nutrients. Thus, it is necessary that athletes understand their nutritional intake status to improve performance and maintain health. This study aimed to explore the nutritional intake status of college baseball players using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Furthermore, the characteristics of their nutritional intake status with respect to athletic performance were evaluated. The result of this studyprovide an opportunity for many under-developed college athletes with irregular lifestyles to recognize and improve their nutritional problems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In October 2022, a questionnaire survey of 116 male members of a college baseball club was conducted. Of whom, 100 (94.3%) members responded to the survey and 92 (92.0%) provided valid responses. The survey items included basic characteristics such as college grade and type of living arrangement, and information on living conditions, e.g. whether the participant ate breakfast. Nutritional intake was evaluated using the FFQ. Players were divided into the first (regular players in official games), second (bench players in official games), third (players who may join the second or higher team in the future), and fourth teams (players who do not belong to the first to third teams); these categories were used as a marker of performance level. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the association between the performance levels of baseball players and the intake of each nutrient and food group obtained by the FFQ. For items that showed a significant association, inter-group comparison was performed using the Dunn-Bonferroni method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Carbohydrate intake was greater in the second team compared with the third and fourth teams; saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid intake was higher in the third team compared with the fourth team. Calcium, zinc, copper, manganese, insoluble dietary fiber, iodine, and molybdenum intake was higher in the second team compared with the fourth team. Intake of grains, sugar, dairy, and total energy was significantly higher in the second team compared with the fourth team. However, the protein intake ratio was significantly lower in the second team compared with the fourth team. Overall, energy deficiency and associated deficiencies in protein, fat, and carbohydrate were observed, in addition to dietary fiber and calcium deficiencies. The intake of several food groups appeared inadequate, such as potatoes, beans, vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, and fats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study showed deficiencies in the amount of energy and nutrients such as protein, fat, and carbohydrate in college baseball players. Differences in the intake of carbohydrate, calcium, and insoluble dietary fiber among different perform","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2459090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11792141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of sports nutrition knowledge by a dual method education program in track and field athletes: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Ranil Jayawardena, Kalani Weerasinghe, Indu Nanayakkara, Terrence Madhujith, Andrew P Hills, Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2519517","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2519517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Athletes with strong sports nutrition knowledge are believed to have sound nutritional practices and better performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a dual-method personalized nutrition education program in improving sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) among Sri Lankan track and field athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This parallel-group, randomized controlled trial recruited national-level track and field athletes aged 18 and above. The intervention group (IG) received personalized sports nutrition consultations at 0, 4^th, and 8^th weeks, along with online educational materials via WhatsApp from weeks 10 to 16, while the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. A per-protocol analysis was followed, and t-tests were used to compare the means.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 30 participants enrolled, 13 from IG and 14 from CG completed the study. Following the 16-week intervention, the IG demonstrated significant improvements in total nutrition knowledge (TNK) relative to the CG (IG: 34.41 ± 4.15 vs. CG: 20.96 ± 4.38; <i>p</i> = 0.01), with significant increases in general nutrition knowledge (GNK) (IG:24.54 ± 3.66 vs. CG:15.64 ± 2.33; <i>p</i> = 0.004) and SNK (9.87 ± 3.87 vs. 5.32 ± 4.07; <i>p</i> = 0.006). Changes in TNK were also significantly greater in the IG compared to the CG; (IG:9.45 ± 0.10 vs. CG: -2.63 ± 0.37; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), GNK (IG:4.47 ± 0.08 vs. CG: -1.28 ± 0.09; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), and SNK (IG:4.99 ± 0.72 vs. CG: -1.25 ± 0.74; <i>p</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 16-week dual-method nutrition education intervention was effective in improving TNK, GNK, and SNK among track and field athletes in Sri Lanka.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial is registered at the Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry (SLCTR/2024/013), Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1304-8890 on 10 April 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2519517"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segmental fat-free mass and lean soft mass: a comparative study with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry and development of anthropometric prediction models.","authors":"Nicolás Baglietto, Mario Albaladejo-Saura, Francisco Esparza-Ros, Malek Mecherques-Carini, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2542368","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2542368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and anthropometry (ANT) are commonly used to evaluate body composition, evidence on their agreement at the segmental level remains limited. This study aimed to compare intra-subject differences in DXA, BIA, and ANT for estimating segmental weight (SW), fat-free mass (FFM), and lean soft mass (LSM) and to examines sex-related influences, and to develop anthropometric prediction equations using DXA as the reference.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 258 young adults (157 males, 101 females). Participants were assessed using DXA, BIA, and ANT. SW, FFM, and LSM were estimated in kilograms and percentages for the upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs using DXA and BIA. FFM was also estimated using anthropometry (ANT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant intra-subject differences were observed between methods across most body segments (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.049), except for SW in the right upper limb (<i>p</i> = 0.328) and LSM in the trunk (<i>p</i> = 0.186) for females. Sex covariable showed a significant influence on the differences found in these comparisons (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.032). Females exhibited lower values of SW, FFM, and LSM in the upper limbs, while males showed higher values of FFM and LSM specifically in the trunk and lower limbs. Bland - Altman analysis revealed a general lack of agreement between DXA and both BIA and ANT, except for BIA when estimating SW in the right upper limb in females (<i>p</i> = 0.167). The new anthropometric equations demonstrated high predictive accuracy (R² > 0.750), with slightly lower values in the upper limbs of females for FFM and LSM (R²  = 0.688-0.723). Key predictors included body mass, corrected girths, and segmental lengths.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DXA, BIA, and ANT showed significant differences in estimating SW, FFM, and LSM, highlighting their lack of interchangeability. Sex was a significant factor, indicating its importance in body composition estimation. The new anthropometric equations showed good comparability with DXA, although their predictive performance was slightly lower in the upper limbs of females for FFM and LSM.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2542368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine and taurine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of their individual and combined effects on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physiological markers.","authors":"Hengzhi Deng, Li Wang, Ping Liu, Mohamed Nashrudin Bin Naharudin, Xiaohan Fan","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2566371","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2566371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caffeine (CAF) and taurine (TAU) have each demonstrated ergogenic effects across physical and cognitive domains. Often co-formulated in commercial energy drinks, they are widely regarded as the two principal bioactive compounds. However, findings regarding their combined efficacy remain inconclusive. This systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis aimed to quantify the individual and combined effects of CAF and TAU on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physiological responses, with a focus on identifying potential synergistic or antagonistic interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cochrane Library, PubMed, SciELO, SportsDiscus-EBSCO and Web of Science were searched through 25 July 2025. The pooled effect of each outcome was summarized using SMD (Hedge's g) by Bayesian arm-based multilevel network meta-analysis, and SUCRA ranking was applied to estimate the relative treatment effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve studies were included (8 on physical capacity, 7 on blood lactate (B[la]), and 6 each on cognitive function, heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE)). Posterior estimates indicated that CAF+TAU was associated with a credible positive effect on anaerobic capacity (g = 0.46, 95% CrI [0.19, 0.71]) and reaction time (g = 0.75, 95% CrI [0.29, 1.18]) compared to CAF or TAU alone. CAF showed the greatest posterior reduction in RPE (g = -0.64, 95% CrI [-1.20, -0.10]), while its posterior mean estimate suggested a potential increase in B[la] (g = 0.24, 95% CrI [-0.48, 0.96]). In contrast, TAU showed a possible tendency toward reducing B[la] (g = -0.30, 95% CrI [-1.01, 0.42]). No credible differences in HR were observed across conditions. Effects on aerobic performance and physiological measures were variable and appeared to be context-dependent. SUCRA rankings consistently favored CAF+TAU across most outcome domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CAF+TAU co-supplementation provides a balanced ergogenic effect, combining the central stimulation of CAF with the neuromodulatory and metabolic support of TAU, particularly beneficial for high-intensity, reaction-based tasks. Its effects on endurance and physiological indices vary by condition, highlighting the need for personalized application.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2566371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}